INTRODUCTION
Reason of the study
In recent years, English has increasingly established itself as a vital tool across various sectors in Vietnam, particularly following the country's integration into the global economy after joining the WTO It serves as a "golden key" that opens doors to global civilization, enabling effective communication and the exchange of ideas among people worldwide Through translated texts, we can swiftly access and share advancements in technology, science, international law, and cultural works, fostering the exchange of information, culture, and trade with other nations.
Translation is a crucial area of study for Foreign Language Department students, who typically start learning its theoretical foundations in their third year, prior to engaging with English for Specific Purposes (ESP) However, these students often encounter challenges in the translation process, stemming from the diverse vocabulary in both Vietnamese and English, the distinct usage of specific English terms, and the increasing emergence of new terminology in various fields, particularly in Business English, including areas like security, marketing, and real estate.
Real estate is a well-established business globally, but it is relatively new in Vietnam Alongside the securities market, the land and housing market has significantly boosted Vietnam's economy With a growing population and a limited supply of land and housing, there is a high demand for real estate This article will introduce key real estate terms and effective translation methods for these terms.
Aims of the study
In order to have a deeper investigation into real-estate business, a study on the English-Vietnamese terms in real-estate business is carried out
A linguistician Larson said that: “Good theory is based on information gained from practice Good practice is based on carefully worked-out theory ”
Therefore, the aim of this study is firstly to gain a thoroughly understanding of theoretical translation and practice flexibly, creatively and exactly on ESP
The primary aim of this study is to enhance knowledge and vocabulary related to the real estate business Additionally, it explores a variety of translation techniques used in English-Vietnamese real estate transactions.
Thirdly, some suggested solutions to difficulties in studying and understanding the problems are generally mention These mentioned above are main aims of this study.
Scope of the study
Real estate encompasses various aspects such as housing, land, and property ownership Given the complexity and diversity of real estate terminology, this graduation paper focuses on introducing English-Vietnamese terms related to the general real estate business and analyzing effective translation techniques.
Methods of the study
The following methods are used in the studying process:
Data collection through reference books, dictionary, internet, TV, etc
Discussion with supervisor, teachers and friends
Design of the study
Part I: Introduction states the rationale, aims, scope, methods and design of the study
Part II: Development consists of 3 chapters:
Chapter 2: The English-Vietnamese real-estate business terms
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation
There are many concepts of translation all over the world Followings are some concepts:
Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text
Translation is producing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent of the message of the source language, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style
Translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language
Translation involves converting a text from one language to another while preserving the original message's meaning, formal characteristics, and the intended roles of the source material.
Translation is process of communication whose objective is to import the knowledge of the original to the foreign reader
Translation is the act of transferring through which the content of a text is transferred from the SL into the TL
Translation is to be understood as the process whereby a message expressed in a specific source language is linguistically transformed in order to be understood by readers of the target language
Translation is an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication
Translation is a text with qualities of equivalence to a prior text in another language, such that the new text is taken as a substitute for the original
Translation is a bilingual mediated of communication which ordinarily aims at the production of a TL text that is functionally equivalent to a SL text
Equivalence-oriented translation is a procedure which replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording
Translation equivalence occurs when the meanings of expressions in a source language and a target language align Essentially, it seeks to address the question, "How do speakers of this language convey the intended meaning?"
Equivalence, when applied to the issue of translation, is an abstract concept and actually refers to the equivalence relationship between the source text and the target text
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context
As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved
An interlinear translation provides a literal rendering of a source text, preserving its linguistic features for specific purposes While these translations can aid in studying the source language, they often lack clarity for speakers of the receptor language seeking to understand the text's meaning As a result, literal translations may come across as nonsensical and offer limited communicative value.
Vietnamese: Mời bạn về nhà tôi chơi
Literal translation: Invite friend about house me play
The SL word order is maintained and translated literally This method is primarily used to grasp the mechanics of the source language or to interpret a challenging text as part of the pre-translation process.
Source text: The party A will incur liability for the victims
Target text: Bên A sẽ chịu trách nhiệm pháp lý đối với các nạn nhân
A faithful translation seeks to accurately convey the original's contextual meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language (TL) It aims to transfer cultural terms and maintain the level of grammatical and lexical deviation from the source language (SL) norms This type of translation strives to remain true to the intentions and stylistic choices of the original SL author.
Source text: Early morning, Hung took his axe and set out to cut some wood
No sooner did he start the job then the axe suddenly flew from his hands into
Sáng sớm, Hung mang theo rìu vào rừng để đốn củi Tuy nhiên, khi vừa bắt đầu công việc, chiếc rìu đã tuột khỏi tay anh và rơi xuống dòng suối.
(The Diamon Axe, Education Publishing House, p33)
This form of translation is the most flexible, primarily utilized for plays and poetry It focuses on preserving themes, characters, and plots while adapting the source language culture to the target language culture, resulting in a rewritten text.
Adaptation involves incorporating the core ideals of the original work to craft a new text in a different language, prioritizing creativity over strict fidelity to the source material This process of adaptation is focused on achieving a cohesive objective in both content and form.
Source text: We would like to inform you that the construction of the project is temporarily delayed due to bad weather
Target text: Chúng tôi muốn thông báo với các ngài rằng do điều kiện thời tiết không thuận lợi nên việc thi công dự án tạm thời dừng lại
Translation often diverges from the original text, as translators convey meanings in their own words This process prioritizes the essence of the content over its original form, resulting in paraphrases that are typically longer than the source material Consequently, the translated text tends to flow more naturally However, this freedom in translation can sometimes obscure the original meaning, making it less accessible.
Source text: Please let us know what quantities you are able to deliver at regular intervals
We kindly request your company to inform us of the quantity you can consistently deliver.
Source text: Better late than never
Target text: Thà muộn còn hơn không
Vỏ quýt dày có móng tay nhọn
It attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both language and content are readily acceptable and comprehensible to readership
“… But even here the translation still has to respect and work on the form of the source language text as the only material basic for his work”
Source text: After discussion, both parties have agreed to sign this contract with the following terms and conditions:
Sau khi thảo luận và đạt được thỏa thuận, các bên tham gia đã đồng ý ký kết hợp đồng mua bán ô tô với các điều khoản và điều kiện đã được thống nhất.
Semantic translation prioritizes the aesthetic value of the source language (SL) text, allowing for some compromises on meaning to ensure that elements like assonance, wordplay, and repetition flow smoothly in the final version Unlike faithful translation, which adheres strictly to the original meaning, semantic translation offers greater flexibility and does not rely heavily on cultural equivalence or make significant concessions to the target readership.
“…Semantic translating where the translator attempts, within the base syntatic and semantic constraints of the TL, to reproduce the precise contextual
Source text: We hope you will enjoy your staying with us
Target text: Chúng tôi hy vọng ngài sẽ có một kì nghỉ tuyệt vời tại khách sạn này
In addition to the commonly used translation methods, several other techniques can enhance the translation process, including service translation, plum prose translation, information translation, cognitive translation, and academic translation.
Based on Nida’s theory, equivalents are divided into two kinds : formal equivalent and dynamic equivalent
Formal equivalent focuses attention on the message in form The message in the receptor language should match as closely as possible the different element in the source language
Dynamic equivalence, also known as functional equivalence, emphasizes achieving an equivalent effect between the receptor and the message, mirroring the relationship between the original receptor and the source language message This approach focuses on translating the receptor's words from one language to another while addressing the receptor's linguistic abilities and cultural requirements.
According to Koller (1979), there are five types of equivalents:
Denotative equivalent: the SL and the TL words refer to the same thing in the real world It is an equivalent of the extra linguistic content of a text
Connotative equivalent: This type of equivalent provides additional
Pragmatic equivalent: With readership orientation, the SL and TL text have the same effect on their respective readers
Formal equivalent: This type of equivalence produces an analogy of form in the translation by either exploiting formal possibilities of the TL, or creating new forms in TL
Although equivalence translation is defined with different point of view of theorists, it is the same effective equivalence between SL and TL
ESP, or English for Specific Purposes, refers to the teaching of English tailored for particular objectives While some define it broadly as English instruction for any specified purpose, others emphasize its focus on academic studies or professional and vocational contexts.
Jony Dudley- Evans, co-editor of the ESP Joural gives an extended definition of ESP in terms of “absolute” and “variable” characteristic
Definition of ESP (Dudley-Evans, 1997):
ESP is defined to meet specific needs of the learners
ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities of the discipline it serves
ESP is centered on the language appropriate to these activities in terms of grammar, lexis, register, study skills, discourse and genre
ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines
ESP may use in specific teaching situations, a different methodology
ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation It could, however, be for learners at secondary school level
ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students
Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the language systems
David Carter (1983) identifies three types of ESP:
English for Academic and Occupational Purposes
ENGLISH – VIETNAMESE REAL-ESTATE
Overview of Real-estate business
Real estate refers to land and any permanent improvements made to it, such as buildings, fences, and wells Real estate law governs the regulations and legal codes related to these properties within a specific jurisdiction, covering both commercial and residential transactions Often used interchangeably with real property or realty, real estate is distinct from personal property.
The term "real estate" often refers to land and its fixtures, whereas "real property" denotes ownership of land and its permanent appurtenances, including structures, trees, minerals, and associated rights Real property is generally classified as immovable property While "real estate" and "real property" are commonly used in common law, civil law jurisdictions typically refer to this concept as immovable property.
The popular construction of English real estate business terms
The language of the real estate business is rich with terminology, primarily consisting of single and compound terms This article aims to explore the fundamental usage of key real estate terms, enhancing understanding for professionals in the industry.
In the real estate industry, many terms can be deconstructed into various components, including prefixes, roots, and suffixes These elements play a crucial role in forming single terms, which may incorporate one or more of these parts to convey specific meanings effectively.
1.1 Single terms that acts as the root
Monetary value owned by an individual encompasses various forms of assets, including real property, personal property, and enforceable claims such as bank accounts, stocks, and mutual funds In Vietnamese, this concept is translated as "tài sản."
Source text: Be careful not to damage other people’s property
Target text: Cẩn thận đừng làm hỏng tài sản của người khác
The term "clearance," derived from its propositional meaning of clearing or removing, translates to "Giải toả" in Vietnamese However, its appropriate meaning varies depending on the specific context and the compound terms it is part of For instance, the interpretation of "clearance" can change significantly based on its usage in different phrases.
TT: Sự giải tỏa nhà ổ chuột
Understanding the meaning of a term often relies on its association with specific collocates Consequently, translators should prioritize collocational meaning in the initial stages of translation, rather than merely replacing individual words with their dictionary definitions.
In Oxford Modern English Dictionary, “Default” is defined as failure to do
Target text: Anh ta bị tống giam 2 năm do không trả được khoản vay ngân hàng
In Vietnamese, "hợp đồng" translates to "contract," which retains its meaning in translation A contract is defined as any written or electronic document that outlines an agreement between two parties to perform work or provide goods, encompassing agreements or orders for the procurement of supplies or services.
Source text: The contract shall state clearly the total amount, or ceiling, or fees to be paid to the consultant
The contract will clearly disclose the total contract value or the ceiling price, as well as the fees payable to the consulting party.
A project is defined as a set of proposals aimed at achieving a specific objective or requirement within a predetermined timeframe and utilizing designated funding sources, according to procurement law The Vietnamese equivalent of this term is "dự án." Translators should prioritize the original meaning of the word to avoid confusion during the translation process.
To guarantee the effective execution of projects funded by ODA Loans from the Bank, it is crucial that the consultants hired possess the required expertise and qualifications as outlined in the Loan Agreement.
Để thực hiện dự án hiệu quả theo yêu cầu của Hiệp định vay vốn, các công ty tư vấn được tuyển dụng cần phải có chuyên môn phù hợp và khả năng chuyên nghiệp cần thiết.
In the context of procurement, the term "Bid" refers to two key meanings: it signifies the process of procurement itself, often synonymous with the term "procurement," and it also denotes the action of participating in the procurement process.
When allowing bids that utilize different designs, materials, completion schedules, or payment terms, it is essential to clearly outline the criteria for their acceptability and the evaluation process.
(Guidelines for procurement under JBIC ODA Loans: 11)
Nếu hồ sơ dự thầu được xây dựng dựa trên thiết kế, nguyên vật liệu, tiến độ hoàn thành và điều khoản thanh toán theo phương án phụ đã được phê duyệt, thì các điều kiện chấp nhận hồ sơ này cùng với phương án đánh giá cần phải được làm rõ.
1.2 Single terms are formed by the help of prefixes
There are many types of Real estate business prefixes, of which some typical prefixes are illustrated as follows:
Prefixes : “sub”, “pre”, “re”, “non”, “un”, in a) Prefix “pre”
The word with the affix “pre” often bring themselves meaning of “before”,
“prior” or “tiền”, “trước” in Vietnamese For example:
The word “Approval” is agreement; means “sự tán đồng” The prefix “pre” creates the word “Pre-approval”, a commitment from a lender to loan a
The term "pre-qualification," formed by the prefix "pre," refers to the process that assesses a prospective buyer's eligibility for a loan based on their income and expenses This evaluation helps demonstrate the buyer's financial capability to the seller In Vietnamese, "pre-qualification" translates to "Xác nhận trước là đủ điều kiện."
The word added prefix “Re” creates meaning “again” as equivalent into Vietnamese “lại’
The word “Finance” means “tài chính”, when adding prefix “re” creates
“Refinance” to obtain a new mortgage loan on a property already owned Its equivalent into TL is “Vay lại” c) Prefix “Sub”
The word with affix “Sub” has meaning “addition” as equivalent “dưới” or
“Subdivision” refers to a tract of property that is divided into streets and individual lots Translating into Vietnamese is “Phân lô”
Agent is an office that acts in business, its meaning in Vietnamese equivalent is “đại diện, đại lý” Meaning of this word is changed when added prefix
“sub” With creating the word “Subagent” is a small agent, translating into TL is “chi nhánh phụ” d) Prefix “Post”
The word added affic “post” have the opposite meaning with the affix “pre”,
“sau”, “hậu” as following: “Post-evaluation” equivalent as “đánh giá sau cùng” or “Post-qualification” equivalent as “hậu tuyển” e) Prefix “non”, “un”, “in”
The prefix “non”, “un” also has the same meaning like the prefix “in” and it is translated “không” in Vietnamese equivalent
Here comes the list of some typical terms:
Revolving Chu chuyển tuần hoàn
Pre-investment Tiền đầu tư
Preliminary Mở đầu, sơ bộ
Prepayment Thanh toán trước hạn
Sub-borrower Người vay lại
Non-business Phi kinh doanh
Non-profit Phi lợi nhuận
Unplanned Không theo kế hoạch
Inadmissible Không tể chấp nhận
1.3 Single terms are formed by the help of suffixes a) Noun-forming suffixes: “er’, “or” that refer personal pronouns For example
Verb “Assess” is action that evaluates the value of a property for taxation purposes Its means “giám định”, when adding suffix “or” forms the word
“Assessor” which is personal pronoun with Vietnamese equivalent “giám định viên thuế”
Verb “Assign” means “chuyển nhượng”, when adding suffix “or” forms noun
“Assignor” the one is one who makes an assignment or transfers of rights to another Vietnamese equivalent is “người chuyển nhượng”
The suffix “or” creates “Realtor” who is a real-estate professional holding active membership in a local real-estate board, it means “nhà kinh doanh bất động sản” in TL
Bidder is an organization or individual has eligibility in accordance with requirement of the Employer and participle in procurement activities “Nhà thầu ” is the closest Vietnamese equivalent
In the absence of pre-qualification for bidders, the borrower must assess whether the bidder with the lowest evaluated bid possesses the necessary capabilities and resources to effectively execute the contract.
(Guidelines for procurement under JBIC ODA Loans: 19)
Translation techniques of English-Vietnamese Real-estate business terms
Transposition is a widely used translation procedure that involves a grammatical change when converting from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) This strategy encompasses both automatic translation and rank-shift translation, highlighting its significance in the translation process.
One type, the change in the word order is named “Automatic translation” and offers translators no choice For example:
Amortization schedule Lịch trả dứt nợ
Amortization refers to the gradual repayment of a mortgage loan through scheduled installments, which include both principal and interest In Vietnamese, this process is known as “Sự trả dứt nợ.” The schedule for these payments is termed “Lịch trả dứt nợ” in Vietnamese, highlighting a difference in noun placement compared to the English version.
Alienation refers to the process of transferring property ownership, whether willingly or unwillingly An alienation clause, found in mortgages or deeds of trust, gives lenders the right to demand immediate payment of the remaining debt if the borrower sells the property.
The term "Alienation," a noun in English, translates to the verb "chuyển nhượng" in Vietnamese Additionally, the phrase "Alienation clause" is referred to as "điều khoản chuyển nhượng" in Vietnamese Notably, there is a difference in word order between the two languages; in English, "Alienation" precedes the noun "Clause," while in Vietnamese, "Alienation" follows the noun.
Automatic shift plays a crucial role in flexible translation, allowing for a seamless conversion of terms from English to Vietnamese without the addition of extra expressions This technique simplifies the translation process for translators, helping them manage redundant or unnecessary words more effectively The following examples illustrate the successful application of this automatic shift technique in translation.
Amortization schedule Lịch trả dứt nợ
Adjustment date Ngày điều chỉnh
Appraised value Giá trị được định
Economic bubble Bong bóng kinh tế
Profit margin Biên lợi nhuận
Repayment term Kì hạn thanh toán nợ
Hạn mức giá có thể chấp nhận được
Short-run average cost Chi phí trung bình trong ngắn hạn
Bond market Thị trường trái phiếu
Bridge loan Cho vay bắc cầu
Common areas Khu vực chung
Community property Tài sản chung
Condominium hotel Khách sạn chung cư
Construction loan Khoản cho vay kiến thiết
Industrial investment Đầu tư công nghiệp
Private investment Đầu tư tư nhân
Competition power Khả năng cạnh tranh
Capital market Thị trường vốn
Finance market Thị trường tài chính
The other case of “Shift translation” called “Rank-shift translation”, also involves the change in the grammar from SL to TL
"Competition power" refers to the ability and opportunity of companies or organizations to compete in the market, translating to "Khả năng cạnh tranh" in Vietnamese While "competition" is a noun in English, its Vietnamese equivalent "Sự cạnh tranh" also functions as a noun However, through the translation process, a shift and transposition occur, transforming it into the verb "Cạnh tranh" in Vietnamese This demonstrates how the part of speech can change during translation due to the differences between the source language and the target language.
Cash-out refinance Tái thế chấp vay không tiền mặt
Closing costs Chi phí để kết thúc
Fixed-rate mortgage Thế chấp có mức lãi cố định
The ability to pay principle emphasizes that tax obligations should be based on an individual's financial capacity Debt convertible bonds are financial instruments that can be converted into equity, providing flexibility for investors Forward contracts are agreements to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a specified future date, allowing for effective risk management in financial transactions.
Exchange cross rate Tỷ giá hối đoái chéo
Markup pricing Định giá cộng lời vào chi phí
Alternative close Kết thúc bằng lựa chọn
2 Translation by paraphrase using related words
Non-price competition Cạnh tranh phi giá cả
This technique is employed when a concept in the source language (SL) is lexicalized in the target language (TL) but differs in form, particularly when the frequency of certain expressions in the SL text is much higher than what is natural in the TL For example, "non-price competition" translates to "cạnh tranh phi giá cả" in Vietnamese Here, the prefix "non," which conveys a negative meaning, corresponds to "không" in Vietnamese However, the term is not rendered as "cạnh tranh không giá cả," highlighting the importance of understanding contextual usage in translation.
The term "non-price" is translated into Vietnamese in a way that maintains its meaning without redundancy Direct word-for-word translation from English to Vietnamese can lead to poor results; therefore, related terms are employed to ensure a more accurate and coherent translation.
This strategy can also be used when translating an English word or
Balloon payment Thanh toán chót nợ
Currency swap Thỏa thuận hợp đồng thay đổi ngoại tệ Accounting policies Hợp đồng hạch toán
Financial statements Bản kê khai tài chính
Brokerage functions Chức năng môi giới chứng khoán
Biweekly mortgage Thế chấp trả hai tuần một lần
3 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word
When a concept from the source language (SL) lacks a direct equivalent in the target language (TL), the paraphrase can involve altering a superordinate term or unpacking the meaning of the original term, especially if it is semantically intricate For instance, the term "securities market" in SL may need to be rephrased to convey its full meaning in TL.
The term "TL" refers to "thi trường an ninh," but in this context, it translates to "thị trường chứng khoán," meaning "stock market." This translation demonstrates a disconnect, as it relies on an unrelated interpretation rather than accurately conveying the original meaning.
The following is the list of Real estate business terms which are translated into Vietnamese by this Strategy
Deed-in-lieu Chứng thư ngăn ngừa tịch biên
Due –on-sale provision Điều khoản quy định lúc bán
Lock-in period Thời gian khóa thế chấp
Lock-in Thế chấp khóa lãi suất(có thờ hạn)
Cooperative Gia cư hợp tác
Deed of trust Chứng thư ủy thác
Fair market value Giá trị thực sự
Fee simple Chủ quyền tuyệt đối
Multidwelling units Đơn vị cư trú nhiều gia đình
No cash-out refinance Cho vay lại không đưa tiền mặt
Notice of default Thông báo trễ nợ
Futures & options exchange Thị trường tự chọn và trao đổi chứng khoán Going-rate pricing Định giá theo thị trường
Blue-chip investment Cổ phiếu thượng hạng(không rủi ro)
4 Translation of abbreviations by using loan word
An abbreviation is a condensed version of a word or phrase, formed by using letters from the original term This practice is especially prevalent in the context of culture-specific items, contemporary concepts, and buzzwords Employing loanwords is a powerful technique for incorporating terms of foreign origin or those lacking direct equivalents in the target language.
Using loan words accompanied by brief explanations can enhance clarity, especially when these terms appear multiple times in a text Once defined, these loan words can stand alone, allowing readers to grasp their meaning without being distracted by excessive elaboration.
PUD (Planned Unit Development) Sự Phát Triển Quy Hoạch
This is a multi-unit property or subdivision that includes common property that is owned and maintained by a homeowners’ association, for the use of the individual owners
Hỗ trợ phát triển chính thức
Consultants and borrowers involved in contracts funded by ODA Loans from the Bank and other Japanese ODA must adhere to the highest ethical standards throughout the procurement and execution processes.
(Guidelines for the Employment of consultants under JBIC ODA Loans: 28)
Ngân hàng yêu cầu các bên tư vấn và bên vay thực hiện theo các hợp đồng được ngân hàng tài trợ bằng vốn ODA hoặc các nguồn vốn ODA khác từ Nhật Bản.
Bản, phải tuân thủ chuẩn mực tối đa các nguyên tắc về đạo đức trong quá trình đấu thầu và thực hiện hợp đồng
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
Difficulties in translation of English-Vietnamese Real-estate business terms
Translation is a demanding field that requires learners and researchers to diligently enhance their knowledge across various sectors of daily life This challenge intensifies when dealing with specialized areas such as the real estate business, where translations can become particularly complex Below are some of the challenges I encounter while translating from English to Vietnamese.
One of the primary challenges in the real estate translation business is the lack of proficiency in the mother tongue This gap in knowledge is critical for effective translation, yet many translators do not prioritize enhancing their language skills Consequently, they often find it easier to translate from Vietnamese to English rather than the other way around Even when translators have a strong understanding of the source material, they struggle to find appropriate terms in their native language For example, while "repositioning" can be translated as "định vị lại," a more accurate translation would be "tái định vị."
Many believe that Vietnamese individuals excel in their native language, leading translators to prioritize their English skills However, this assumption is fundamentally flawed.
The second difficulty is that the translator does not understand deeply about Real-estate business field Therefore, they cannot translate Real-estate
The real estate business presents significant challenges due to its extensive scope and specialized terminology, making it difficult for translators to encompass all relevant terms This research focuses on the structural forms of these terms and the translation techniques utilized when translating English-Vietnamese terminology in the real estate sector.
Suggested solutions for Real-estate business translation
In the process of studying, I myself have to face up with the above difficulties and the followings are some suggestions for those problems
To excel in translating real estate documents, a translator must enhance their proficiency in their native language, particularly in real estate terminology This can be achieved by engaging with relevant literature such as books, newspapers, and magazines that focus on the real estate sector By immersing themselves in these resources, translators can acquire a wealth of Vietnamese real estate terms, understand their meanings and applications, and gain deeper insights into the real estate market both locally and globally This foundational knowledge enables translators to produce accurate, fluid, and easily comprehensible translations of real estate business documents.
In addition to a solid theoretical foundation, a translator must possess practical translation experience, particularly in the real estate sector Without a thorough understanding of the subject matter, effective translation is unattainable To ensure high-quality translations in the real estate business, translators need to engage in in-depth study of relevant terminology and its appropriate translations.
Finally, translator should buy some Real-estate business dictionaries so that we not only can look up for new words but also improve our Real- estate business vocabulary understanding
Chapter II delves into the terminology of the real estate business, exploring popular translation strategies used in this field Key methods discussed include shift or transposition translation, paraphrasing with related or unrelated words, using loan words with explanations, literal translation, and translation by addition These strategies are essential for accurately conveying real estate concepts in different languages.
When translating real estate business documents from English to Vietnamese, it is essential to focus on using loan words or loan words accompanied by explanations This approach is particularly important for terms that have foreign origins, lack direct equivalents in Vietnamese, or are commonly used in international transactions Utilizing loan words ensures clarity and accuracy in the translation process.
SWOT analysis is the most important step in process of analyzing your competitors
SWOT analysis : strength, weakness, opportunities, threats
Phân tích điểm mạnh, điểm yếu, các cơ hội và các mối đe dọa của đối thủ cạnh tranh.
CONCLUSION
Major findings
English is undeniably the most widely spoken language globally and boasts the largest vocabulary among all languages Its significance spans various fields, including politics, science, economics, and culture Consequently, the translation of terms in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is crucial, particularly in our globalized world.
Recognizing the significance of translation in specialized fields, I decided to focus my graduation paper on "A Study of English-Vietnamese Terms in the Real Estate Business," which is structured into three main sections.
In part I Introduction, the reason, aims, scope, methods and design of the study are present
Part II is local point with three chapters Chapter I is theoretical background providing the readers general view of translation, and some knowledge about ESP for each student know deeper terms In chapter II, the readers can know a lot of real estate business terms and some techniques applied in translation are effective to translate terms in real estate business To classify the terms follow to each of technique of translation is caused difficulties to me But this thing really helped me know more about structure of word and techniques of them Next, chapter III is Finding and Implication, the writer found some difficulties which translator usually mention in the translation process Therefore, the writer gave some effective suggestions to overcome these problems
And Part III is Conclusion to summarize the study
I hope that this study can help readers and learners, especially those who study in business field related to real estate business terms.
Implication for ELT and Learning
In Vietnam, the landscape of English language teaching and learning is characterized by a significant number of institutions and centers providing English courses, alongside a large population of learners actively participating in these classes.
Learners study English for various reasons, primarily driven by personal desire or necessity Some are motivated by integrative factors, seeking to immerse themselves in the culture of English-speaking countries like Britain, Canada, or Australia Others have instrumental motivations, viewing English proficiency as a key to better job opportunities and career advancement These diverse motivations play a crucial role in helping learners acquire essential English skills effectively.
As you know, English is more and more popular in every fields of social life Especially, English in Business field plays an important role in economy
Real estate is a long-established industry globally, but it is still emerging in Vietnam Alongside the securities market, the land and housing market have significantly contributed to the rapid growth of Vietnam’s economy The increasing demand for housing and land has raised concerns among many people My research paper on real estate business aims to equip learners with essential vocabulary in this field, serving as a valuable resource for English majors and students in Finance, Banking, and Business Administration programs.
Suggestion for further study
In the future, Vietnam is set to deepen its integration into the global economy and culture, leading to significant developments in the real estate sector This evolution will be influenced by various factors, particularly the effects of translations on readers, who ultimately serve as the most critical evaluators of these translations.
In conclusion, I would like to contribute to the study of English- Vietnamese translations in Universities and on the media this thesis
This article serves as a valuable resource for individuals aiming to enhance their English-Vietnamese translation skills and improve the quality of their translations The author hopes that readers will find it beneficial for their future work and studies, or at least regard it as a worthwhile reference However, due to time constraints, limited resources, and the author's capabilities, not all aspects of the real estate business are covered The author aspires to expand her research to include other translation subjects in the future.
An English –Vietnamese translation on landing market
An English- Vietnamese translation on housing market
An English-Vietnamese translation on securities market
There are certainly weaknesses in this research paper, constructive comments, suggestions & recommendations are most welcomed
1 Newmark, Peter.(1988) A text book of Translation Oxford: Pergamon Press
2 E.A.Nida.(1975) Language Structure and Translation
3 Nguyen Xuan Thom.(1999) English for Finance and Banking
4 PGS.TS Phan Thi Cuc and PGS.TS Nguyen Van Xa.(2009) Đầu Tư Kinh Doanh Bất Động Sản
6 Dudley-Evans, Tony.(1998) Development in English for Specific Purposes
7 http: //www.investopedia.com/terms
8 http ://www.realestateabc.com/glossary
9 http://www.teaching-english-in-japan.net/acronyms/esp
10 http://www.iteslj.org/articles/gatehouse-ESP.html
Rate lock Khóa lãi suất
Right of first refusal Quyền ưu tiên mua
Adverse Possession Sở hữu đối nghịch
Bankruptcy Phá sản, võ nợ
Common areas Khu vực chung
Credit repository Tổ chức thu thập hồ sơ tín dụng
Delinquency Để nợ quá hạn
Eminent domain Quyền trưng mua
Examination of title Báo cáo kiểm tra chủ quyền Fee simple estate Bất động sản quyền tuyệt đối
Firm commitment Cam kết chắc chắn
Home equity line of credit Mức tín dụng theo trị giá nhà
Leasehold estate Bất động sản cho thuê
Condominium hotel Khách sạn chung cư
Contingency Ddieuf khoản dự phòng
Depreciation Giảm giá, khấu hao
Equity Trị giá tài sản
Loan servicing Nghiệp vụ cho vay
Lock-in period Thời gian khóa lãi suất
Refinance transaction Giao dịch tái đầu tư
Commercial paper discounting Chiết khấu thương phiếu
Interest rate ceiling Lãi suất trần