INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the study
Petroleum industry began with the successful drilling of the first oil well in 1985
Petroleum, a liquid resource found in stone formations, has been utilized for over 5,000 years, with the petroleum industry dating back to the 8th century It plays a crucial role in societal development, serving essential functions such as cooking and powering machinery Additionally, petroleum significantly contributes to the annual GDP, highlighting its importance in the global economy.
Hanoi and Quang Ninh Province are home to two prominent Mining and Geology Universities, while Ba Ria – Vung Tau University specializes in producing skilled petroleum engineers, contributing significantly to the industry.
Vietnam faces a significant challenge in developing professional engineers in the petroleum sector due to the abundance of complex terminology that often confuses both workers and engineers This issue inspires me to take action and simplify these concepts, making it easier for anyone interested in the petroleum industry to understand and engage with the field.
I decided to choose this topic for my graduation paper.
Aims of the study
This graduation paper aims to explore the theoretical foundations of translation, focusing specifically on the translation of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and the translation of terms related to offshore oil drilling equipment into Vietnamese.
Scope of the study
For the limitation of timeframe and knowledge, in this graduation paper, I am not ambitious to study all the matters of this field, only some common English-
Vietnamese terms in offshore oil drilling equipments only are taken into consideration in the study.
Methods of the study
To complete the study, the following methods are employed
- Data collection: The author tries to collect information relating to the study from books and internet
- Data analysis: After collecting the data, I started analyzing them
- Comparative and contrastive analysis: Basing on the analyzed data, the steps of comparative and contrastive analysis are taken.
Design of the study
The study contains of three parts
This part consists of four sections including (rationale & aims, scope of the study, methodology, design of the study)
This part consists of two chapters
Chapter one Reviews the theoretical background
Chapter two This part mainly presents translation of English terms relating to offshore oil drilling equipments into Vietnamese
In this part, summary main points of the study as well as suggestions for further studies are included
DEVELOPMENT
Translation theory
Translation can be defined in various ways, with each translator employing their own unique methods According to Roger T Bell, translation involves the process of representing a text from one language to another while ensuring that the original meanings of the source language (SL) are preserved.
Roger T.Bell (1973) defines “Translation as the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language, preserving semantics and stylistics equivalence.”
“Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.”
Besides, Bui Tien Bao from Hanoi national university (1997) defines that translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the author intended the text
Translators specialize in converting written texts from one language to another, handling a wide range of materials Their work includes translating simple documents like birth certificates and driving licenses, as well as more complex texts such as journal articles, business contracts, and legal documents.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (1974) emphasizes the importance of focusing on the surface structure of a language, as this significantly influences the form of translation.
Translation is defined as the process of converting text from one language to another, essentially transforming it into a different linguistic form This involves altering the surface structure of a language to convey the same meaning in another language.
Language structure manifests in both written and spoken forms, and in translation, the original language's structure is substituted with that of the target language This transformation raises questions about the methods behind such changes and the factors that influence the selection of forms in the translation process.
Translation involves converting written text from one language to another, distinct from interpretation, which pertains to spoken language It is the process of interpreting the meaning of a text and producing an equivalent version that conveys the same message in a different language.
E A Nida (1959) has the same opinion with Roger T.Bell’s She concerns about the equivalent of both meaning and style She defines that “Translation consists of producing in the target language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly with respect to meaning and secondly with respect to style.”
“Principles of translation exemplified by Bible translation”, in: R Brower
(1966) On Translation Oxford University Press, p19
Translation is the process of converting written or spoken content from one language to another While there are various definitions and methods of translation, the core idea remains the same: transforming text or speech into a different language.
Translation can be divided into seven types as mentioned bellow
Word to word translation (Literal translation)
Interlinear translation showcases the target language (TL) directly beneath the source language (SL) words This method retains the SL terms while translating the words according to their most common meanings, often without considering the surrounding context.
EG : I am a student at Haiphong Private University
Tôi là Sinh Viên trường Đại Học Dân Lập Hải Phòng
Idiomatic translation reproduces the “message” of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and the idiom where these do not exist in the original
EG: Once in the blue moon
Free translation focuses on conveying the meaning of the original text without adhering strictly to its form, resulting in a more natural-sounding output in the target language However, this approach can sometimes lead to a loss of the original's nuances, making it overly casual and potentially difficult to understand.
EG: This way leads to the biggest station of the town
Con đường này dẫn đến sân ga lớn nhất thị trấn
Semantic translation involves utilizing semantic information to convert data from one representation or model to another This process leverages the meanings associated with individual data elements in a dictionary to establish equivalent meanings in a different system.
EG: A picture is worth as a thousand words
Một bức tranh đáng giá bằng hàng ngàn lời nói
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures
EG: so many men, so many minds
This is the “freest” form of translation It is used mainly for plays and themes… The SL culture is converted into the TL culture and is rewritten
E.g: Beauty is only skin deep
Nhan sắc chỉ là bề ngoài
Communicative translation attempts to reader the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the relationship
EG: How can I help you?
Tôi có thể giúp gì cho Ngài không?
Translational equivalence is the similarity between a word (or expression) in one language and its translation in another This similarity results from overlapping ranges of reference
The comparison of texts across languages necessitates a theory of equivalence, which is a pivotal aspect of translation Despite its significance, the definition and application of equivalence in translation theory have sparked considerable debate, leading to the development of various theories within the field When translating a message from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), the translator navigates not only linguistic differences but also cultural nuances For instance, translating the phrase "Vietnamese women are proud of their 'Áo Dài'" illustrates the challenge, as there is no direct English equivalent for "Áo Dài," highlighting the importance of understanding Vietnamese culture in the translation process.
“ Áo Dài” into “Long dress” but we have some explanation to illustrate it
Jakobson (1959) made a contribution to the theoretical analysis of translation
He introduced the concept of equivalence in difference He suggested three kinds of equivalence known as:
Intralingual (within one language, i.e rewording or paraphrase)
Nida (1964:159) distinguishes between formal equivalence and dynamic (or functional) equivalence in translation Formal equivalence emphasizes the preservation of both the form and content of the original message, ensuring that the target language message closely aligns with the source.
Dynamic equivalence focuses on achieving an equivalent effect in translation, ensuring that the relationship between the audience and the message mirrors the original interaction between the initial audience and the source material This approach emphasizes maintaining the essential elements of the source language as closely as possible.
Munday (2001:47) describes these five different types of equivalence as follows:
Denotative equivalence is related to equivalence of the extra linguistic content of a text
Connotative equivalence is related to the lexical choices, especially between near-synonyms
Text-normative equivalence is related to text types, with texts behaving in different ways
Pragmatic equivalence, or 'communicative equivalence', is oriented towards the receiver of the text or message
Formal equivalence is related to the form and aesthetics of the text, includes word plays and the individual stylistic features of the source text
Baker (1992) defined four kinds of equivalents as follows:
Equivalence that can appear at word level and above word level, when translating from one language into another
Grammatical equivalence, when referring to the diversity of grammatical categories across languages
Textual equivalence when referring to the equivalence between a SL text and a TL text in terms of information and cohesion
Pragmatic equivalence, when referring to imprimaturs and strategies of avoidance during the translation process
In translation, linguistic units are considered equivalent when they convey the same intended meaning across different languages, encompassing morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, idioms, and proverbs Identifying these equivalents poses significant challenges, as translators are not always required to find one-to-one structural matches; rather, different linguistic forms can fulfill the same function For instance, the English verb "happen" in "he happens to be happy" corresponds to the Vietnamese adverb "bỗng nhiên" (by chance) in "Chàng bỗng cảm thấy mình hạnh phúc." Thus, after understanding the meaning of a source language (SL) linguistic form, a translator must determine the appropriate target language (TL) equivalent to accurately convey that meaning.
1 The English Owl maybe equal to Vietnamese “ Cú vọ” symbolically:
He is an owl = Hắn ta là tên cú vọ
2 Coal in English may equal “than/ củi” in Vietnamese and Newcastle in English may equal Mountainous area in Vietnam, hence:
Taking coal to Newcastle = Chở củi về rừng
3 Shoulder in English may equal “vai” in Vietnamese:
The blame rests on my shoulder = Gánh nặng đè lên đôi vai tôi
4 Bedsheet in English may equal “ga giường” in Vietnamese:
As white as bedsheet = trắng như tuyết/ ga trải giường
5 Inch in English may equal “ bước chân”( crawl, move slowly) in Vietnamese They knew every inch of the field = Họ biết từng ly, từng tý trong lĩnh vực này
6 Gold in English may equal “ vàng”: heart of gold trái tim vàng
7 Thread in English may equal “ chỉ/ tóc” in Vietnamese
His life hangs by a thread = Sinh mạng của anh ta treo trên sợi tóc
8 The number 9 in English may equal the “Chín tầng mây” in Vietnamese:
She has dressed up to nine = Cô ta diện ngất trời
Translation of English for special purpose (ESP)
system of both SL &TL, either to find standard equivalents, give an explanation, or otherwise convey the author’s intended meaning to the TL audience
2 Translation of English for Specific Purpose (ESP)
English for Specific Purposes (ESP) focuses on teaching English tailored to specific fields, such as technical, scientific, medical, and tourism-related contexts One significant area of ESP is Aviation English, which is essential for pilots, air traffic controllers, and civil aviation cadets, enabling effective communication in radio operations.
1 ESP is defined to meet specific needs of the learners
2 ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities of the discipline it serves
3 ESP is centered on the language appropriate to these activities in terms of grammar, lexis, register, study skills, discourse and genre
1 ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines
2 ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of General English
3 ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation It could, however, be for learners at secondary school level
4 ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students
5 Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the language system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_for_specific_purposes
Terms in offshore oil drilling equipments field
3.1 Overview of Terms in Offshore Oil Drilling Equipments field
Offshore oil drilling equipment terminology encompasses the various machines and tools utilized in drilling operations These terms are categorized into two types: single terms and compound terms, which are created through various methods.
We can easily find that in the research, single terms are divided into three types: general terms, terms formed by “verb+er/or” and “de+verb+er”
3.2.1.2 Single terms formed by Verb + ER/OR
3.2.1.3 Single terms formed by De + Verb-er
In this research we can find there are many compound terms They are formed from different ways
3.2.2.1 Compound terms formed by Noun + Noun
3.2.2.2 Compound terms formed by Adjective + Noun
3.2.2.3 Compound terms formed by Gerund + Noun
3.2.2.4 Compound terms formed by Noun + Gerund
3.2.2.5 Compound terms formed by Noun + Verb-ER/OR
3.2.2.6 Compound terms formed by Adv/Prep + Noun
CHAPTER TWO: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN
THETRANSLATION OF TERMS RELATING TO OFSHORE OIL DRILLING EQUIPMENTS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE
Strategies applied in the translation of single terms
1.1 Literal translation is applied in translation of general single terms
Translators must adhere to the official definitions of single terms as outlined in dictionaries to ensure clarity for readers For instance, the term "Kelly" translates to "Cần chủ lực," while "rotary" corresponds to "rô to" in Vietnamese Deviating from these established meanings can lead to confusion and misunderstanding.
Centrifuge Thiết bị ly tâm
Crane Cần trục, cần cẩu
Drive Bộ truyền động, kích
Swivel Khớp đầu cột ống khoan
Jamb Đòn chống, trụ chống
Liner Ống lửng, ống lót
Jack Thiết bị nâng bộ kích
Recognized translation is essential for accurately translating individual terms, as these terms can be constructed in various ways Consequently, it is crucial for translators to understand the formation of these terms, enabling them to translate them more effectively.
1.2 1 Single terms formed by “Verb + or/er”
In this research, we frequently encounter terms formed by "Verb + er/or," which are commonly used to refer to tools and machines rather than people, as is typical in general English Understanding this distinction is crucial for accurate interpretation.
“Verbs + er/or” are often referred to a person, in particular, the verb “teach + er
= teacher” (giáo viên), or “act + or = actor” (diễn viên nam) not “cái máy dạy” or “cái máy diễn xuất” respectively But “Elevate + or = Elavator” (máy nâng,
In technical terminology, certain compound words do not translate directly to their literal meanings For example, the term "header," formed from "head" and "er," refers to a "distribution pipe" rather than "the leader." Similarly, "Accumulator," derived from "Accumulate" and "or," means "storage unit" instead of "the accumulator." This approach is essential for accurately translating specialized terms.
Effuser Ống tháo, ống thổi
Educator Đầu phun, máy phun
Header Ống góp, ống phân luồng
Preventers Bộ chống phun hình khuyên
(Inlet)compressor Máy nén (dẫn vào)
(Inlet) diverter Cửa vào rẽ nhánh
1.2.2 Single terms formed by De + V-ER
In English, the prefix "De" often conveys a contrastive meaning, transforming words to imply the opposite action; for example, "accelerate" means to speed up, while "decelerate" means to slow down Similarly, "code" translates to "đặt mật mã," whereas "decode" means "giải mật mã." This pattern is also prevalent in the offshore oil drilling sector, with terms like "Desander," which translates to "Máy tách cát," and "Demister" and "Deduster," meaning "Máy khử mùi" and "Máy khử bụi," respectively Understanding these terms and their translations is crucial for effective communication in the industry.
Desilter Thiết bị khử bùn
Opener Cơ cấu mở, dụng cụ mở
Reamer Máy doa, dao doa
Regulator Máy điều chỉnh, bộ diều chỉnh
Strategies applied in the translation of compound terms
Degasser Bộ tách khí loại từ dung dịch khoan
Desilver Thiết bị khử bạc
Desuperheater Thiết bị giảm nhiệt độ hơi quá nhiệt
Demister Thiết bị khử mù
Deduster Thiết bị khử bụi
Detuner Bộ giảm chấn, bộ chống rung
2 Strategies applied in translation of compound terms
Compound terms can be formed through various combinations, including Noun + Noun, Gerund + Noun, Noun + Gerund, Adjective + Noun, and Adverb/Preposition + Verb It is essential to identify the head noun in these constructions to understand their meaning accurately.
To accurately translate compound nouns, translators should avoid literal translations and instead use techniques like shift or transposition For instance, the compound term "standard derrick" consists of the words "standard" and "derrick," which translate to "chuẩn" and "tháp (khoan)" respectively A literal translation would yield "chuẩn tháp khoan," but the official meaning requires a more nuanced approach.
“tháp khoan chuẩn” if translators use the shift or transposition to translate it Why so? Because translators define the headnoun of this compound term is
In translation, the adjective "standard" complements the noun "derrick," prompting translators to adjust their positions for clarity This approach is evident in the translation of several compound terms, showcasing the importance of word order in conveying accurate meaning.
Auxiliary Brakes Bộ hãm phụ
Adamantine drill Mũi khoan kim cương
Bumper Subs Ống nối hãm xung
Band-type brakes Bộ hãm kiểu đai
Bottomhole pump Máy bơm từ đáy
Block and tackle Bộ Puli và Palăng
Casing head Đầu ống chống
Combustion block Gạch chịu lửa
Check pipe Ống giữ, ống hãm
Check valve Van kiểm tra
Conductor pipe Ống định hướng
Connecting pipe ống nối tiếp
Cone-shaped drum Trục quay hình nón
Coupled pipe Ống liên kết
Double-tube horizontal separator Thiết bị tách ống kép ngang
Double-pin Đầu nối kép
Double core-barrel drill Khoan ống mẫu kép
Double-acting pump Bơm tác dụng kép
Double-wall drillpipe Ống khoan kép
Drill-stem test tool Dụng cụ thử vỉa
Drill-pipe elevator Thiết bị nâng ống khoan
Drill-pipe cutter Dao cắt ống khoa
Drill-pipe tongs Khóa giữa ống khoan
Drill-stem Bộ ống khoan, cần khoan
Drill-pipe protector Ống lồng bảo vệ
Drill-pipe safety valve Van an toàn của ống khoan
Double block valve Van khóa kép
Double-drum hoist Tời nâng có trống kép
Crown Block Khối dòng dọc cố định
Decanting Centrifuge Bộ ly tâm lắng cặn
Eduction pipe Ống thải khí
Elbow pipe Ống khuỷu, ống cong
Electric welded pipe Ống hàn bằng điện
Expanded pipe Ống được nong rộng
External upset drill pipe Cần khoan vỏ ngoài rèn chồn
Extra strong pipe Cần siêu cứng
Faucet pipe Ống đui lồng
Feed pipe Ống cấp liệu, ống nạp liệu
Filling pipe Ống nạp rót
Fiting pipe Ống nối, ống ráp
Flanged pipe Ống cuốn mép, ống có mặt bích
Flow pipe Ống dẫn dòng
Force pipe Ống áp lực
Fuel pipe Đường ống nhiên liệu
Heavyweight Drill Pipe Cần khoan siêu nặng
Horizontal Drilling Units / Rigs Thiết bị khoan ngang ( kích ngang)
Hoisting device Dụng cụ nâng
High-pressure pumps Bơm áp suất cao
Hydraulic tongs Kìm thủy lực
Kelly Bushing/Drive Bushing Bàn dẫn động cho cần chủ lực
Kelly Spinner Thiết bị vặn cần chủ lực
Mud motor Động cơ bùn
Mud Gas Separator Bình tách Bùn-khí
2.2 Translation by paraphrase using related word
When translating English words or concepts into Vietnamese, it's essential to capture the full meaning, especially when the Vietnamese equivalent lacks certain definitions For instance, in the sentence "pregnant women should avoid alcohol," the term "alcohol" encompasses all alcoholic beverages However, the Vietnamese word "rượu" does not include beer, necessitating the addition of "beer" in the translation to accurately convey the original intent This approach ensures that translations are comprehensive and faithful to the source language.
Motion Compensator Bộ bù chuyển động
Standard Derricks Tháp khoan chuẩn
Safety valve Van an toàn
Shale Shaker Thiết bị rung sét nén
Traveling Block Dòng dọc chuyển động
Tool joint Dụng cụ nối
Motion Compensator Bộ bù chuyển động
Underreamer Dụng cụ doa giếng (mở rộng giếng)
Pipe rack Giá để ống
Vaccuum pump Bơm chân không
The terms "abuse" and "neglect" encompass a wide range of behaviors that are not fully captured by their Vietnamese translations Consequently, the English statement "children should be protected from abuse and neglect" cannot be directly translated as "trẻ em nên được bảo vệ khỏi sự lạm dụng và lơ là," as this fails to convey the complete meaning A more accurate paraphrase is needed, such as "trẻ em cần bảo vệ chống lại mọi hình thức bạo lực, gây tổn thương hay xúc phạm, bỏ mặc hoặc xao nhãng trong việc chăm sóc," which translates back to "children must be protected from all forms of violence causing harm or offense, and from abandonment and negligence in their care." This approach highlights the necessity of unpacking complex terms for better understanding.
Bell nipple Ống nối miệng loe
Choke Manifold Ống góp thót
Cobbing hammer Búa ngắn hai đầu
Derrick leg Đế cần cẩu
Extension pipe Ống dãn nở
Fishing Tools Dụng cụ cứu kẹt
Flow line Đường ống dẫn
Hole Opener Cơ cấu mở rộng giếng
Kelly Hose Ống cần chủ lực
Kelly Cock Vòi cần chủ lực
Post drill Máy khoan đá kiểu trụ
Power drill Máy khoan động lực
2.3 Translation by using a loan word or loan word plus explanation
In Vietnam, there is some resistance to borrowing English words, as many translators prefer to create new Vietnamese terms However, this borrowing strategy proves beneficial for conveying new concepts, culture-specific items, and well-known medical terms For example, the term RAM, widely used in the context of computers, is commonly accepted in its English form in Vietnam Such loan words have been integrated into everyday language and are often used without explanation Nonetheless, providing a brief explanation is advisable when introducing loan words A case in point is the acronym ORS for oral rehydration salt, which is recognized in its English form but accompanied by a Vietnamese explanation (muối bù mất nước) on packaging.
A-mast Cột tháp hình chữ A
Capelushnikov drill Lưỡi khoan kiểu Capelushnikov
Cam head Đầu cam, rìa cam
Christmas tree Cây Noel (thiết bị hoàn thiện trên mặt của giếng phun và được dùng để khống chế dòng chảy từ giếng lên)
DEA unit Bộ khử khí axit (sunfua hi đro)
Ram Preventers (Ram) Ngàm đóng chống phun
X- bit Choòng khoan kiểu chữ thập
T-bolt Bu long hình chữ T
V-belt Dây cu roa hình thang
2.4 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word
The main purpose of this part is to help translate terms that are not faithful to their meanings as in the dictionary but different from For example, the term
The term "mousehole" may be interpreted literally as a "hole of a mouse," but in Vietnamese, it actually refers to a "pipe connector hole." This highlights the importance of context in translation, as relying solely on dictionary definitions can lead to misunderstandings To ensure accurate translations, some terms are best conveyed through paraphrasing with unrelated words, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach in language translation.
Doghouse Kho chứa thiết bị
MouseHole Lỗ chứa đoạn nối ống
Monkeyboard Sàn dựng cần khoan
Standpipe Ống dâng bùn khoan
RatHole Lỗ giếng thu hẹp
WaterTable Lỗ lắp dòng dọc
Catline Cáp của tời trục
Reduction translation is commonly employed when translating phrases that include prepositions For example, instead of translating "Letter of complaint" as "Thư của sự phàn nàn," we simply use "Thư phàn nàn." Similarly, "teacher of English" is translated as "Giáo viên tiếng anh" rather than "Giáo viên của môn tiếng anh." It is essential to apply this translation strategy when converting terms into Vietnamese, particularly for specific phrases that follow this pattern.
Blow out preventers Bộ chống phun
Jack-up rig Giàn khoan tự nâng uplifted fault block Khối nâng theo đứt gãy
Upthrown fault block Khối nâng theo đứt gãy
Translators often encounter ambiguous terms that can confuse readers, making it essential to utilize expansion translation for clarity For instance, the term "Gin pole," which translates to "Giá đỡ" in Vietnamese, lacks context regarding its function In the offshore oil drilling industry, this device plays a crucial role in lifting equipment, necessitating a clear explanation for better reader comprehension.
The term "crown block" can be translated into Vietnamese as "Giá nâng dòng dọc cố định." Similarly, the term "drive pipe" translates to "ống đóng xuống," as it is utilized to initiate drilling in areas with vegetation or soft soil This approach is effective for translating these specific terms.
Preventers) Bộ chống phun hình khuyên
Drive pipe Ống đóng xuống
Kelly Saver Sub Ống bảo vệ ren cần chủ lực
Waterlight door Cửa chắn nước
Difficulties in translating terms relating offshore oil drilling equipments
Translating texts between languages poses significant challenges, particularly in the realm of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), where a deep understanding of the relevant fields is crucial For instance, individuals with a general English background may struggle to accurately translate economic contracts due to unfamiliarity with specialized terminology Similarly, in maritime contexts, terms like "masthead light" and "all-round lights" require specific knowledge to comprehend their meanings and functions effectively Without expertise in these areas, accurate translation becomes increasingly difficult, as illustrated by the term "water table" in the offshore oil drilling sector, which necessitates specialized understanding for proper interpretation.
Misunderstanding the meanings of words based solely on dictionary definitions can lead to incorrect translations For example, the term "Bàn nước" is often misinterpreted and should be accurately translated as "Lỗ lắp ròng rọc cố định." This highlights the challenges faced when translating languages, as nuances and context are frequently overlooked.
Lack of knowledge about the field
Translating terminology in the offshore oil drilling field presents significant challenges due to the specialized language that differs greatly from general English This often leads to confusion as industry-specific terms can have unique meanings that are not easily understood outside of the field.
In the context of offshore oil drilling, the term "fishing tool" translates to "dụng cụ cứu kẹt," differing from its general English meaning of "dụng cụ đánh bắt cá." Similarly, "mouse hole" is accurately translated as "lỗ chuột," rather than its official meaning "lỗ chứa đoạn ống nối." The term "moonpool," often misunderstood, refers to "lỗ tàu khoan" instead of the literal translation "bể trăng." Without specialized knowledge in this field, accurately translating these terms can be quite challenging.
Insufficient specialist vocabulary in this field
To achieve accurate translations across various fields, translators must possess an extensive vocabulary specific to their area of expertise This is particularly crucial for language learners and translators alike, as a robust vocabulary is foundational to effective communication For example, in the realm of economics, understanding terminology related to import-export processes and accounting is essential for precise translations.
“deal = giải quyết” but the word “dealer” means “người buôn bán” not “người giải quyết“as we can translate it Particularly, when we are asked to make an
To effectively navigate the complexities of economic contracts and offshore oil drilling equipment, it is essential for translators to enhance their vocabulary in these specialized fields Mastery of relevant terminology is crucial for successfully fulfilling translation tasks and ensuring accurate communication.
One significant drawback in the field of translation is the lack of practical experience Having a strong vocabulary in economics, for example, is insufficient if one has never engaged in creating economic contracts This gap often arises because individuals may not have access to opportunities within the industry, particularly in certain countries Consequently, even with extensive knowledge of relevant terms, without exposure to a real working environment, translators struggle to fully comprehend and accurately translate these concepts Thus, it is essential for translators to gain practical experience in their respective fields to enhance their understanding and effectiveness.
Some suggestions in dealing with these difficulties
Translating specialized content, such as offshore oil drilling, can present various challenges, particularly due to a lack of knowledge in the field To overcome this, it is essential to invest time in studying and enhancing one's understanding of relevant terminology and concepts Since only a limited number of universities and educators focus on this industry, utilizing books and online resources is the most effective way to acquire the necessary knowledge.
To deal with the second difficulty, as we know that vocabulary is indispensable for languages learners, especially in English, particularly in ESP,
To effectively expand our vocabulary in our field of interest, it is crucial to gather and enhance our lexicon from various reliable sources, such as books, the internet, and specialized dictionaries like those focused on oil and gas.
To overcome the challenges in the translation field, it is crucial to immerse oneself in a real working environment, as this enhances understanding and retention of knowledge In Vietnam, opportunities may be limited, but one can seek practical experience by reaching out to Hanoi University of Mining and Geology for internships with students in the exploitation department Additionally, applying to interpret for onshore oil rigs can provide valuable hands-on experience Furthermore, online videos detailing the processes of oil and gas drilling can serve as a useful resource for learning about the functionality of various equipment in the industry.
CONCLUSION
English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is increasingly taught worldwide, covering areas such as business, maritime, and medicine It plays a crucial role in professional success, particularly in specialized fields In the offshore oil drilling sector, understanding English related to drilling equipment is vital, as misinterpretations can lead to serious accidents Therefore, proficiency in English for offshore oil drilling equipment is becoming essential for safety and efficiency in the industry.
With the impending advancements in offshore oil drilling, a thorough understanding of English terminology related to this field is essential for professionals While several books cover this topic, this study offers a detailed examination of key terms, organized in a way that facilitates readers' comprehension and provides a clear overview of the subject.
This research explores various strategies for translating single and compound terms related to offshore oil drilling equipment The most commonly used strategy for single terms is recognized translation, which categorizes these terms into three types: general terms (e.g., centrifuge, casing), terms formed by "verb + er/or" (e.g., elevator, accumulator), and terms formed by "de + verb + er" (e.g., desilter, degasser) For translating compound terms, five strategies are employed, including shift or transposition translation, paraphrase with related words, loan words with explanations, paraphrase with unrelated words, and reduction and expansion Compound terms are formed in various ways, such as Noun + Noun (e.g., water table, gin pole), Adjective + Noun (e.g., standard derricks, electric welded pipe), and Gerund + Noun (e.g., racking fingers, traveling block).
Gerunds and compound terms play a crucial role in the oil and gas industry Examples of gerunds include kelly bushing and drive bushing, while compound terms formed by noun + verb-ER/OR include kelly spinner, shale shaker, mud/gas separator, racking fingers, and motion compensator Additionally, terms formed by adverb/preposition + noun, such as under reamer and substructure, are also significant in this field Understanding these terms is essential for effective communication and operation within the industry.
However, for the limitation of timeframe and knowledge, in this graduation paper, I am not ambitious to study all the matters of this field, only some
51 common English-Vietnamese terms in offshore oil drilling equipments only are taken into consideration in the study
The oil and gas industry is a key sector in our country, attracting significant investment from foreign nations As a result, the importance of accurate interpretation in this field has grown Therefore, I aim to conduct a study focusing on the translation of terminology associated with the oil refining industry and drilling techniques.
In summary, I aim to share this research with my university and publish it online, hoping that readers will find it both engaging and beneficial for their future careers and studies.
“A” Frame - Giàn, khung, kết cấu hình chữ A
Auxiliary Brakes - Bộ hãm phụ
Adjustable Choke - Van điều tiết
American pump - dụng cụ hình ống có nắp (để chuyển đất đá vụn vào lỗ khoan)
Adamantine drill - mũi khoan kim cương
Bag-Type Preventers (Annular Preventers) - Đầu bịt an toàn dạng vòng
Bumper Subs - ống nối hãm xung
Crown Block - khối dòng dọc cố định
Choke Manifold - ống góp thót
Capelushnikov drill - lưỡi khoan (tuabin thủy lực) kiểu Capelushnikov Combustion block: gạch chịu lửa
Check pipe: ống hãm, ống giữ
Conductor pipe: ống định hướng
Connecting pipe: ống nối tiếp
Coupled pipe: ống liên kết
Draw works - bộ tời khoan
Demander – Desilter - Thiết bị khử bùn
Degasser - thiết bị thử khí
Double-tube horizontal separator - thiết bị tách ống kép ngang Double-pin - đầu nối kép
Double core-barrel drill - khoan ống mẫu kép
Double-acting pump - bơm tác dụng kép
Double-wall drillpipe - ống khoan kép
Drill-stem test tool - dụng cụ thử vỉa
Drill-pipe elevator - thiết bị nâng ống khoan
Drill-pipe cutter - dao cắt ống khoa
Drill-pipe tongs: khóa giữa ống khoan
Drill-stem - bộ ống khoan, cần khoan
Drill-pipe protector - ống lồng bảo vệ
Drill-pipe safety valve - van an toàn của ống khoan\
Double block valve - van khóa kép
Double-drum hoist - tời nâng có trống kép
Eduction pipe: ống thải khí
Elbow pipe: ống cong, ống khuỷu, khuỷu ống
Electric welded pipe: ống hàn bằng điện
Expanded pipe: ống được nong rộng
Extension pipe: ống dãn nở
External upset drill pipe: cần khoan vỏ ngoài rèn chồn Extra strong pipe: cần siêu cứng
Fook-block - ròng rọc động có móc, tổ hợp ròng rọc và móc Fishing hook - móc cứu kẹt (khoan)
Faucet pipe: ống đui lồng
Feed pipe: ống cấp liệu, ống nạp liệu
Filling pipe: ống nạp rót
Fiting pipe: ống nối, ống ráp
Flanged pipe: ống cuốn mép, ống có mặt bích
Flow pipe: ống dẫn dòng
Force pipe: ống áp lực
Fuel pipe: đường ống nhiên liệu
Gallows- giá khoan, tháp, giếng (mỏ)
Gin Pole - giá nâng dòng dọc cố định
Hole Opener / 'houl 'oupnə(r)/ Mở rộng giếng
Heavyweight Drill Pipe- ống khoan trọng l ượng lớn High pressure valve: van áp suất cao
Hinged valve: van có bản lề
Horizontal check valve: van chặn ngang
Hydraulic valve: van thủy lực
Inlet compressor - máy nén dẫn vào
Inlet diverter: cửa vào rẽ nhánh
Jackup-rig - giàn khoan tự nâng
Kelly Hose: ống cần chủ lực
Kelly Spinner: thiết bị vặn cần chủ lực
Keyway- rãnh khoá, đường xoi của chốt
Kelly Bushing/Drive Bushing - Bộ dẫn động cần chủ lực Kelly Cock - Vòi cần chủ lực
Kelly Saver Sub - ống bảo vệ ren cần chủ lực
Motion Compensator - bộ bù chuyển động
Moon pool - lỗ tàu khoan
Mouse Hole - lỗ chứa đoạn nối ống
Monkey board - (Stabbing board) - sàn dựng cần khoan
Odorizer - thiết bị cho chất tạo mùi
Odorimeter - dụng cụ đo mùi (vị), mùi (vị) kế
Pods and Control Lines - van và đường ống kiểm soát
Pneumatic rock drill: máy khoan đá kiểu khí động
Pole drill - khoan cần đặc, khoan kiểu Canada
Post drill - máy khoan đá kiểu trụ
Power drill - máy khoan động lực
Ram Preventers - cơ cấu đ ổi áp
Rat Hole - Lỗ giếng thu hẹp, thu hẹp giếng
Reamer-type / hole-opener - bộ mở rộng giếng
Rotary reamer: mũi khoan doa xoay
Swivel - khớp đầu cột ống khoan
Stand - giá đỡ (Chỗ dựng đứng ống khoan)
Substructure - Cấu trúc dưới, cấu trúc hạ tầng, cấu trúc móng Semi-Submersible Rig - Giàn khoan nửa chìm
Shale Shaker - Thiết bị rung sét nén
Standpipe - ống đứng, ông dâng bùn khoan
Safety platform - sàn an toàn
Structural platform - sàn cầu trúc
Traveling Block -Dòng dọc động
Telescope feed hammer drill - máy khoan búa kiểu ống lông
Under reamer - Máy doa dưới, mũi doa dưới
Uplifted fault block - khối nâng theo đứt gãy
Upthrown fault block - khối nâng theo đứt gãy
V-Door Ramp - Đoạn dốc lỗ hình V
Ventilation door - cửa thông gió
Water Table - Lỗ lắp dòng dọc (cố định)
Waterlight door - cửa chắn nước
Weather door - cửa thông gió
Wave cut platform - mặt nền sóng vỗ
Working platform - sàn thao tác
Yard stick - thước đo chiều dài
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2 Dudley-Evans, Tony (1998) Developments in English for Specific
Purposes: A multi-disciplinary approach Cambridge University Press
3 Hutchinson, Tom & Waters, Alan (1987) English for Specific Purposes:
A learner-centered approach Cambridge University Press
4 IDC Drilling Manual (Ebook Version (V.11)
5 Johns, Ann M & Dudley-Evans, Tony (1991) English for Specific
Purposes: International in Scope, Specific in Purpose TESOL Quarterly
6 Platform Rig Design, Daisy field development, ABC oil (Kingdom drilling services.ltd)
7 Strevens, P (1988) ESP after twenty years: A re-appraisal In
M Tickoo (Ed.), ESP: State of the art (1-13) SEAMEO Regional
8 Từ điển dầu khí Anh – Việt (2006) NXB khoa học và kỹ thuật – Hà Nội
1 http://www.deepwater.com/fw/main/Home-1.html
2 http://www.atlantis-deepwater.com/
3 http://www.pvdrilling.com.vn/index.php?module=fleet
4 http://earthsci.org/mineral/energy/gasexpl/offshore.html