V\^^ UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS - VNU UPPSALA UNIVERSITY - SWEDEN Vrfrl'^^.^ UNIVERSITET MASTER PROGRAM IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ""I'rL.^, -^u^^^ MASTER THESIS OF MPPM Accessibility of private sector to t/ie Official Development Assistance funds for infrastructures development in Vietnam Author: Supervisor: Local Supervisor: Trirang Tan Lam Dr Sven-Erik Svard Dr Nguyen Anh Thu Class: MPPM - Intake - Group 19 Hanoi, May 2013 Contents Page CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms Abstract of Thesis Chapter J: Introduction /./ Background 1.2 Research Purpose 1.3 Research Questions Chapter 2: Frame of reference 2.1 Definition of Terms 10 10 2.1.1 ODAfund 10 2.1.2 Infrastructure 10 2.2 Past researches on ODA in Vietnam 11 2.3 Researches on private sector 12 Chapter 3: Methodology 13 3.1 SWOT model 13 3.2 Contents of analysis 14 Chapter 4: Analys Results 4.1 Situation of management and use of ODA in current public sector 15 15 4.1.1 Strengths 15 4.1.2 Weaknesses 15 4.1.3 Opportunities 4.1.4 Threats 4.2 Private sector access to ODA funds T^ 17 18 4.2.1 The first reason i8 4.2.2 The second reason ^0 4.2.3 The third reason 22 4.2.4 The fourth reason 26 4.2.5 Limitation and challenges 31 4.3 Solutions for the private sector to approach ODA capital 32 4.3.1 Current legal conditions ^2 4.3.2 Creating enabling conditions ^^ 4.3.3 Creating business opportunities ^-f 4.3.4 Pilot projects 35 Chapter 5: Findings and Conclusions ^^ 5.1 Findings 5.2 Limitations and directions for further research -" ^8 5.3 Conclusion -^^ 40 -, Reference masier i nests: ivuister rrity,ram in r mute Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviations and Page Acronyms ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PPP Private - Public Partnerships ADB Asia Development Bank WB World Bank FIDIC Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation CIRR Commercial Interest Reference Rates BOT Build - Operate - Transfer \fa.ster Thesis: Master Program in Public Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Abstract of Thesis PageJ Abstract of Thesis Title: Accessibility of private sector to the Official Development Assistance funds for infrastructures development in Vietnam Level: Final assignment for Master Program in Public Management Author: Trwong Tan Lam Supervisors: Swedish Supervisor: Dr Sven-Erik Svard Local Supervisor: Dr Nguyen Anh Thu Date when the thesis is presented: May 18, 2013 Aim: Shortage of public financial resources for investment and development of infrastructure is a challenge threatening the development model called "East Asian Miracle" In that circumstance, this study aims to clarify the benefits of accessibility of private sector to the Official Development Assistance funds to invest the infrastructure projects and prove that this is the solutions for the story of deficiency and wastefulness of public financial resources in current infrastructure investment in Vietnam Method: The SWOT model is used to analyze the existing situation of ODA funds management and utilization The result of SWOT analys will be used to study on the direction of repairing the weaknesses, mitigating the threats, developing strengths and salvaging the opportunities On these basis of the Ma.ster Tfiesis: Master Program in Public Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Abstract of Thesis Paee study to point out the benefits from the accessibility of the private sector to the ODA funds for infrastructure development projects The SWOT analysis is conducted according to the qualitative method of secondary data sources collected Result & Conclusions: The study demonstrate the from the accessibility of the private sector to the ODA funds for infrastructure development projects There are four main reasons for ODA shift from the public to the private sector found in this study including: The first reason is to limit the extemal challenge coming from the development agencies in the trend of these agencies as ODA sponsors which have strategies focusing direction on the private sector The second reason is to prevent the public debt risk of Vietnam beyond the safety threshold The third reasons to overcome the weakness of slow progress and slow disbursement of ODA in the public sector today The fourth reason is to overcome the weakness of ODA waste in the public sector as the consequence of inefficient management and rampant corruption Suggestions for future research: This research has a limitation when the SWOT model has been chosen to analysis the collected secondary data This study was only to clarify the weakness and threats of ODA management in existing public sector that is not enough data to analyze on the positive aspects as strengths and opportunities This limitation opens for further research in the future that is to select the model from the quantitative analysis of primarx' data collected directly in a number of public sector specific ODA projects that has been caiTied out Based on the method of monitoring and evaluating ODA projects developed by a number of organizations such as World Bank, ADB, JBIC with the theory Result-based monitoring and evaluating system b\ Jody Kusek and Ray Rist will give a full assessment results more adequately and Ma.ster Thesis: Master Program in Public Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Abstract of Thesis Page more accurately Contribution of the thesis: This study has shown the benefits from the accessibility of the private sector to the ODA funds for infrastructure development projects In the context of difficulty of public finance resource today, this is a new way to make a breakthrough and the prospects for infrastructure development in Vietnam in the future Key words: Infrastructure challenge, ODA, private sector, public sector, efficiency, deficiency Master Thesis: Master Program in Public Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Chapter 1: Introduction p^^Q g Chapter 1: Introduction LL Background In the past two decades, the vigorously amazing change of economies from East Asian countries has been recorded, which some scholars call it the "East Asian Miracle" The motivation that is also the consequence of these changes is the rapid development of infrastructure The story of infrastructure development in East Asia, specifically, the developing countries in this area made polyhistors and development organizations such as the World Bank, the Asia n Development Bank, etc, pay attention on many different aspects related to infrastructure development In the book Connecting East Asia: A New Framework for Infrastructure]o\n\.\y published by World Bank, Asia Development Bank and Japan Bank for International Cooperation in 2005, the infrastructure development raised as a challenge to East Asia Among them, the public finance resources for infrastructure is one of the leading challenges To meet the demand of infrastructure services East Asia erea must spend at least 6,2% of GDP for investment in the critical infrastructure group each year includes electricity, telecommunications, water supply and environment, sanitation, primary traffic network Of these, approximately 65% of budget is for new investment and 35% for the maintenance the existing systems Vietnam, a country located in the dynamic region with the annual average over 7% of economic growth rate in the past two decades are also facing difficulties as investment infrastructure needs is beyond the adapting scope of public financial resources In recent years, Vietnam has annually spent an average 10% of GDP for infrastructure de\elopment investment (Figure 1) Master Thesis: Master Program in Public Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Chapter I: Introduction Page Figure Infrastructure Investment In Viet Nam Blnfrastaicture Investment (US$ r 14.0% 10 12.^ ^ 6.0% 4.0^ m 3H 2.0^ 0.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Figure I: Infrastructure Investment in Vietnam (source: General Statistics Office) The question is that the investment resource issues, an important aspect in overall of the infrastructure development in East Asia area See the investment finance structure for infrastructure of Vietnam (Boxl) shows a very high ratio (61%) of investment flinds from the State budget, the government bonds and ODA, in which ODA funds rate is more than one third of total investment funds for infrastructure That's demonstrated that investment resource depends heavily on ODA Box 1: Infrastructure financing for Vietnam in 2002 Total investment for infrastructure in 2002 is US$ 3.3 billion In which, 28% from state budget 14% from users, 37% from ODA and private sector financing 28% Source: General Statistics Office Master Thesis: Master Program in Public Management Student: Truong Tan Lam Chapter 1: Introduction /'age 1.2 Research Purpose There are many studies from local and oversea related on the solutions of the shortage problem of financial resources for the investment infrastructure development needs In general, these studies are discussed in a general solution is to increase the participation of the private sector For Vietnam, the context in which the participation of the private sector is in very faint role, infrastructure investment finance is mainly depends on ODA funds Efficiency and performance in public investment for infrastructure have so much drawbacks, especially using of ODA funds, an important funds resource for many poor countries till remained inadequately I personally believe that the infrastructure development matter in Vietnam despite own its characteristics, but also is not outside of rules and the general relationship of the East Asian issues And the road for infrastructure development in Vietnam could not lack the two leveraged factors which contributed to the "East Asian Miracle" called the private sector and ODA funds The institutional reform in investment to maximum exploit the advantages of both the factors, especially, to facilitate for interaction of two factors will create the important catalytic and promote the great benefit In this case, the goxemment should consider the mechanism to allow the private sector to access to ODA funds through some kinds in which I would like to emphasize the public private partnership (PPP) for the investment of infrastructure development projects Therefore, this study aims to clarify the anah sis of the benefits to the private sector that is able to access to ODA funds inxestment in the infrastructure development projects and to prove that are solutions for the budget deficiency and resources wasting in current infrastructure investment, as well as to confirm that these solutions bring good prospects for infrastructure development in Vietnam Master Thesis: Master Pro};ram in Public Management Stuilent: Truong Tan Lam Chapter 1: Introduction 1.3 Research Page Questions For the purpose of above research, the questions posed are: - Question I: What are the benefits to the private sector accessing ODA funds to invest infrastructure development projects? - Question 2: Which measures and proposals were given to the private sector accessing ODA funds to become realistic and effective? Master Tfiesis: Master Program in Public ManagetnetU Student: Truong Tan Lam Chucmg 4: Cdc kit qud phdn tich Trang 27 Hop 4: Dy an him du'O'ng bo Hai Van n?f L ' l ' i ^ ' ?"^ ^'^ ^' '"^^ "^' ^°^" k'^h tl (EIRR) d6i vdi D^ an ham duang bd Hai Van tai tra tu v6n ODA Nh^ Ban, ke tu dua cdng trinh vao vanhanh su dung S chi phi van hanh cac phuang tien qua him tilt kiem duoc mo nam la 22,8 trieu USD, tong thai gian tilt kiem duac moi nam tuang ^duang 25,05 tneu USD Oilu d6nq ngh.a vai viec neu cdng trinh cham dua vao su dung thi binh quan mdi nam se lang phi 57,85 tneu USD chua ke cac yeu to lang phi khac Nguon: Bo GTVT, Danh gia cac dtr an ODA Nhat Ban Tren phuang dien cac nha thiu thi cdng du an ting, cdng trinh cham tien dan den Igi nhuan giam cac chi phi diu vao tang, thdi gian quay vdng vdn cham, mat cac co hdi kinh doanh mdi Tren phuang dien ngudi di vay von ODA, tiln cham lam tang chi phi du an Mac du vdn ODA cd lai suit thip (I din 2,99%/nam) nhung kem theo mot muc phi cam kit thudng la 0,75%/nam cho phin von chua giai ngan Ty le vdn giai ngan cang thap tuong ung vdi viec ben va\' phai tra phi cam ket cang nhieu Ngoai ra, phan Ion cac hgp dong thi cong trinh tAng dugc ky ket voi dieu khoan dieu chinh gia theo chi so aia xav dune Voi muc tang binh quan ciia chi so gia xay dung khoang 20% nam nhu hien nay, du an cu cham mot nam thi ben vay se lang phi them 20% chi phi dau tu Lang phi cham tien cac du an ODA da tro cau > r r -y chuyen bien o Viet Nam Van de day la khong co dung chiu trach nhiem doi voi nhijng lang phi nay, cac du an cham tien van tiep tuc dugc gia han, nhung du an thieu von van tiep tuc dugc xem xet bo sung \6n ma khong CO sir danh gia lai ve hieu qua ciia du an dau khong thay doi nhung phai ton them tien vi trugt gia, tang chi phi dau vao cham tien 6o O doanh nghiep tu nhan, neu mgi nguoi khong chiu van dgng de lam an sinh lai Ludn van tot nghi('p: Chmmg trinh Thac sy Quan ly cong H{>c vien: Trmrng Tdn Ldm Chucmg 4: Cdc kit qud phdn tich • Trang 28 thi tit ca cung "chit" Thi nen nlu vay vdn ODA, it hin cac doanh ndiiep tu nhan phai tim each van ddng dl sii dung ddng vdn hieu qua, chu khoang dam de lang phi vdn Trong cac doanh nghiep tu nhan dang khat vdn thi khu vuc cdng ndi chung va doanh nghiep nha nude ndi rieng dang sir dung ngudn vdn ODA gia re mot each lang phi, thilu hieu qua Theo kit qua nghien cuu d muc 3.2.3, dich chuyin diu tu vdn ODA sang khdi tu nhan la lira chon tdi uu giup giai bai toan cham tiln va cung chinh la giai bai toan lang phi dau tu ODA khu vuc cdng + Lang phi tham nhung: Tham nhung diu tu ODA khu vuc cdng khdng chi thuin la lang phi ve mat tien bac cho nhimg chi phi khdng chinh thuc thdng qua nhiJng hanh ddng lai qua, hdi Id, gian Ian, tham d ma nd cdn dan din mot su lang phi gap nhieu Ian la lam meo md qua trinh quylt dinh, han chi canh tranh Sau day la mot sd phan tich ve cac hinh thuc lang phi tham nhung diu tu CO so tang ODA khu vuc cong: Giai doan phe duyet, lira chgn du an, tham nhung co the anh huong tieu cue den viec lira chgn du an Trong giai doan nay, nhung nguoi co quyen quyet dinh phe duyet du an co the loai bo nhung du an c6 tinh kinh te va hieu qua cao de chuyen nguon lire dau tu vao nhung du an hieu qua thap nhung co CO hgi nhan dugc cac khoan lai qua va mot sir bao trg ve chinh tri nao Trong giai doan thiet ke du an, tham nhung dan den lira chgn nhijng don vj tu v^n kem nang luc de lap thiet ke, nghien curu kha thi va lap ho so moi thdu, tieu chi ky thuat Din lugt cac don vj tu van co the co tinh nang khong gia tri du an, thilt kl khdng nhSm tao them co hgi tham nhung giai doan thuc hien du an Tu v^n cung co the thao tiing, lap du an voi cac tieu chi chi phu hgp cho mot nhom doi tugng nha cung cap, nha tu van, nha Ludn van tot nghi(*p: Chmmg trinh Thac sy Qudn ly cong !i{)C vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chmmg 4: Cdc kit qud phdn tich Trang 29 thau giai doan thuc thi, giup nhung dan vi cd Igi thi canh tranh mot each khdng cdng bang va hudng Igi bit chinh rdi sau dd chia chac Icri ich Trong giai doan dau thau tham nhung dan den to chuc cac cuoc d4u thau mang tinh hinh thuc ma khdng cd sir canh tranh thuc su, vdi thdi gian chuan bi ho so du thau bi rut ngan, han che quang cao moi thau, thong dong giiia ben moi thau voi mot so nha thau, tao Igi the khong cong bang cho mot nhom cac nha thau, nha cung cap nao va nhan lai qua tu cac nha thau, nha f f IS, f \ cung cap Ket qua dan den gia bo thau doi cao hon gia thi truong, gay lang phi Ion Trong dam phan hgp dong, tham nhung c6 the dan den nhOng nguoi co trgng trach khu vuc cong dua nhiJng dieu khoan hgp dong co Igi cho phia d6i tac dl chia chac Igi ich Cac diiu khoan bao gid cung theo quy luat tang chi phi hgp dong nhung giam trach nhiem ciia nha thau Do cung la mot hinh thirc lang phi Trong giai doan xay dung, tham nhung dan den viec cung cap cac thiet bi, hang hda hay cdng trinh cd chit lugng thip han yeu cau hgp ddng Bing each hdi Id nhan vien khu vuc cdng cd trach nhiem giam sat thirc thi xac nhan ring cdng trinh da dugc xay dung dung theo cac tieu chi ky thuat hoac nang khdng khdi lugng, toan cho nhung hang muc thiet bi, vat tu hay dich vu ma thuc tl khdng cung cip Bo qua mot sd quy trinh thu tuc kilm tra hoac Id di cac sai sdt vl chit lugng thi cdng ma dang le phai dugc khic phuc bing kinh phi cua nha thiu Chi phi toan cho cac cdng trinh tang len chit lugng khdng dap ung yeu ciu Mot su lang phi nua la he luy cua cac cdng trinh chit lugng thip cdn din din tdn kem chi phi khac phuc sua chua sau nay, tudi thg cdng trinh giam va hieu qua dau tu thap I Ludn ydn tdt nghii^p: Chmmg trinh Thac sy Qudn ly cong HQC vien: Trmmg Tan Ldm Chucmg 4: Cdc ket qud phdn tich Trang 30 Hop 5: Tham nhung d4u tu' ODA cho co- so- t i n g Huynh Nggc ST - Giam doc Du an ODA Dai Id Ddng Tay bi ket an 20 nam tu nhan hoi Id 262.000 USD Kiem tra du an xay dyng cau Thanh Tri va doan tuyen Nam vanh dai III Ha Ndi, tong mCpc dau tu 270 trieu USD tu von ODA, Thanh tra chinh phu xac dinh gia xay lip cua du an bi dpi len qua cao so vd-i mat bing chung cua Viet Nam tu 30-40% Tuong tu, tai an thuy Igi Phud-c Hda, cd tong muc dau tu tren 260 trieu USD cung da phat hien nhOpng sai pham qua trinh lap ho sa md-i thau da lam cho gia du thau tang 17-26% Nguon: Vietnamnet Han che tham nhung ddng thdi la chdng lang phi dau tu ODA khu virc cdng la mot qua trinh phuc tap Hai yeu td try cot thudng xuat hien rat nhieu cac nghien cuu vl van de chinh la nang cao trach nhiem giai trinh va thuc diy canh tranh qua trinh chuan bi, thuc hien cac du an tang Viec ung cip cac dich vu ting, diu tu cac du an tang lau \an khu vuc cdng ddc quyen nim giir Vin dl chinh hien cac du an ODA khu vuc cdng la cd qua nhilu co quan chiu trach nhiem lien quan nhung khdng xac djnh rd ca quan nao chiu trach nhiem cuoi cung Hanh ddng tham nhung cd thi phat sinh bdi nhilu ly nhung khdi tu nhan cd the giup giai quylt dugc vin din bit ngudn tu mot sd dac tinh xdn cd cua nd Cac chu sd huu vdn ODA thugc khdi tu nhan chinh la ngudi chiu trach nhiem chinh N a cudi cung ddi vdi tit ca cac quy trinh quylt dinh va cung han che dugc sir meo md qua trinh quylt dinh giiip chdng dugc lang phi Bdi cac chu sd huu vdn ODA tu nhan khdng the nao quylt dinh lam tdn hai den Igi ich cua hg dd nhung ngudi dai dien nhung nhan %ien cdng quyen thi cd Ludn van tdt nglm'p: Chmmg trinh Thifc sy Qudn ly cdng HQC vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chmmg 4: Cdc kit qud phdn tich Trang 31 the lam viec vi xe cho cung thi v6n ODA khong phai cua ho va ho cung khong phai la nguoi phai co trach nhiem tra no Trach nhiem giai trinh se du9C nang cao co su canh tranh viec lua chon cac nha dju tu tu nhan dl tai tra v6n ODA va nguoc lai Vi vay kh6i tu nhan chinh la lua chon toi uu va la cau tra loi cho bai toan tham nhung, lang phi cac du an tang su dung von ODA khu vuc cong 4.2.S Mot sd han chi va thach thiic ciia khSi tw nhdn tiip can ODA Mac du CO nhieu triln vong nhung viec khdi tu nhan tiip can v6n ODA de dau tu CO sd tang khdng phai hoan toan la buc tranh mau hdng ma vin cdn mot sd han chi va thach thuc Viet Nam la mot nude cd nIn kinh tl chuyen ddi, kinh te tu nhan chi bit diu phat triln tir diu nhung nam 90 Cac doanh nghiep tu nhan phan Idn cd quy md nhd va chua tich luy dugc nhieu kinh nghiem va nang lire quan trj hien dai Trong ITnh \ uc ting, lau iru the van thugc ve cac doanh nghiep nha nude Han chi cd the khic phuc dugc thdng qua qua trinh tu nhan hda cac doanh nghiep nha nude ma hien chinh phii dang thuc hien chuong trinh cd phan hda doanh nghiep Cd rat nhieu doanh nghiep nha nude vdi be day lich su boat ddng 30 den 40 nam dugc cd phan hda trd cac doanh nghiep tu nhan boat ddng rat hieu qua Cac doanh nghiep la nhan to tot de tham gia vao cac du an ODA Cac doanh nghiep tu nhan dii dieu kien tham gia tiep can von ODA cung se CO CO hgi dugc tang cuong nang luc thong qua cac goi ho trg ky thuat nhu da dugc thuc hien doi voi ODA khu vuc cong Mot thach thuc nua la sir kem minh bach, thieu cong khai ve quan ly tai chinh nhieu cong ty tu nhan Viet Nam hien Rat nhieu cong ty tu nhan chua thuc hien hoac thuc hien chua day du che bao cao tai chinh theo quy dinh Cac bao cao tai chinh giri den co quan dang ky kinh doanh cung rat so sai, hinh thuc, so lieu thuong thieu chinh xac \ a khong day du Ludn vein tot nghiep: Chmmg trinh Thgc sy Qudn ly cong H{)c vien: Trmmg Tan Ldm Chucmg 4: Cdc kit qud phdn tich Trang 32 Thach thuc cung cd the khac phuc bang viec chon Ipc ky cang cac doanh nghiep du dieu kien ve tieu chi minh bach tai chinh Trong von ODA chi mang tinh chit xuc tac, don bay, khoi tu nhan can phai huy dgng them cac nguon von thuong mai khac de dau tu cac du an ^ f t CO so tang nhung thj truong von cho khoi tu nhan o Viet Nam chua thuc -» su phat trien hoan thien La mot nen kinh te moi chuyen doi sang co che thi truong vi vay he thong trg cap cho cac dich vu tang o Viet Nam an sau vao nhan thuc xa hgi, nguoi dan chua san sang chi tra muc phi cao hon cho cac dich vu tang dugc cung c4p boi khoi tu nhan Cac rui ro tai chinh ve kha nang thu hoi von cho cac du an theo hinh thuc PPP van cao Ludn vdn tot nghiC'p: Chmmg trinh Tligc sy Qudn ly cong HQC vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chmmg 4: Cdc ket qud phdn tich - * 4.3 Gidi phdp di tiep can von ODA cua khdi tu nhan tra hien thuc 4.3.1 Dieu kien phdp ly hien tgi Hoan thien the chi va phap ly la diiu kien diu tien dl viec tilp can vdn ODA cua khoi tu nhan trd hien thuc va cd hieu qua Viec khdi tu nhan tiep can vdn ODA da sd chi dirng lai d viec tham gia vao cac du an ODA vdi tu each la nha thau, nha cung cip hang hda, cdng trinh, dich vu Mdi day, chinh phu da ban hanh nghi dinh so Nghi dinh 38/2013/ND-CP ban hanh 24/4/2013 ve quan ly va su dung ngudn von ho trg phat triln chinh thirc ODA va ngudn vdn vay uu dai cua cac nha tai trg Tuy nhien, de khoi tu nhan cd the thuc su tiep can vdn ODA mot each binh ding nhu cac doanh nghiep khu vuc cdng thi cdn phai trai qua mot budc dai hoan thien cac thii tuc phap ly Hien tai, nghi dinh sd 78/2010/ND-CP 14/7/2010 vl cho vay lai ngudn vdn nude ngoai cua chinh phii van cdn hieu luc va tu nhan chi cd the vay von ODA theo quy dinh voi rat nhieu han che la du an cho vay lai phai dugc Thu tuong chinh phii cho phep su dung von ODA, lai suat cho vay lai cao (bang 2/3 lai suat thuong mai tham chieu) va quan trgng nhat la cac doanh nghiep tu nhan khong dugc huong cac goi ho trg ky thuat bang \'6n vien trg khong hoan lai dk tang cuong nang luc thuc hien nhu da dugc thuc hien ddi voi ODA khu vuc cong Di^u kien phap ly hien tai chua du hoan thien dl cho phep khoi tu nhan tilp can mot each day du va binh dang ngudn v6n ODA phuc vu cho phat trien tang Ludn ydn tdt nghi('p: Chmmg trinh Thgc sy Qudn ly cong Hoc vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chucmg 4: Cdc kit qud phdn tich Trang 34 Hop 6: Cac hinh thiFC tip nhan dipgc tl§p can v6n ODA Vay von ti> he thong cac to chipc tai chinh, tin dung nu'ac thong qua cac chu'ong trinh, du" an han mi>c tin dung hoac hgp phan tin dung du^gc tai trg b^ng nguon von ODA va von vay u'u dai de thijc hien cac hoat dong phu hgp vol dieu LFOC quoc te ve cac nguon von va tranh thu quy trinh cho vay CLJa to chi>c tai chinh, tin dung Tham gia thijc hien cac chu^cyng trinh, di/ an thuoc cac ITnh VLFC u'u tien SLF dung von ODA va von u^u dai cua Chinh phu theo hinh thiFC Ngan sach Nha niFoc cho vay lai Tham gia thu^c hien cac chu^ong trinh, dij an theo hinh thipc doi tac cong tiF, Chinh phu gop von b^ng ODA va von vay LFU dai Tham gia thijc hien cac chuong trinh, du an co muc tieu h5 trg khu vi/c tu' nhan cua co quan chu quan chuong trinh, dij an Trich: Dieu 9, Nghi dinh 38/2013/ND-CP ban hanh 24/4/2013 J Tgo moi tnvang thugn lai Phat triln ca sd ting thdng qua viec tang cudng tiep can vdn ODA ciia khdi tu nhan la mot ITnh vuc hep tdng thi phat trien kinh te xa hoi Tuy nhien, d:^ tao mdi truong thuan Igi cho ITnh vuc phat trien can cd nhimg cai each tdng thi bing cac chinh sach vT md hgp ly Trudc hit, cai each vl mat phap ly theo hudng tao mdi truong canh tranh tdt, tu hda thuang mai va diu tu giiip khdi tu nhan cd san chai binh ding vdi khu vuc cdng quan ly, su dung vdn ODA Khu s uc cdng, dac biet la cac ca quan quan ly, hoach dinh chinh sach vl ODA can phai dugc tinh gon, giam su hien dien vdi tu each la ngudi so huu, ngudi san xuat tap trung vao cdng tac diiu phdi vdi tu each la ngudi cim lai theo quan d.em quan ly cdng mdi Chuyin cdng tac quan 1>\ thuc thi true tiep cac du an ODA theo hucVng thue ngoai bing cac hgp ddng tu van quan ly thdng qua canh Ludn ydn tdt nghii^p: Chmmg trinh Thac sy Qudn ly cdng HQC vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chmmg 4: Cdc ket qud phdn tich °^—^ — ,, Trang 35 tranh giira cac td chuc cd du nang luc cua ca cdng va tu Tir bd may cim lai tinh ggn se cd diiu kien dl dao tao, nang cao nang luc cho ddi ngu lam tdt han cdng tac diiu phoi va hoach dinh cac chinh sach vl ODA cho ITnh vuc tang dam bao thi truong hoat ddng hieu qua va bao ve dugc Igi ich cdng Cai each he thong thul, phi ITnh vuc ca sd ting theo hudng giam din mire trg cap cua chinh phu dl cac doanh nghiep cung cap dich vu ting hien tai cua khu vuc cdng din chuyin sang boat ddng tu chu tao diiu kien hinh thi truong canh tranh cung cip dich vu ting, tiln tdi hinh mot xu the dau tu co so tang theo dinh huong nguoi su dung dich vu chi tra thay vi nguoi nop thue chi tra nhu hien Tao hanh lang phap ly de cai each thi truong von va tai chinh ITnh vuc tang, khuyen khich lap cac quy dau tu tang, quy bao lanh von vay, quy bao lanh nii ro ITnh vuc tang Hien nay, cac co quan phat trien dang co rat nhieu chuong trinh, du an ho trg ITnh vuc Chinh phii can tan dung co hgi de tao buac dot pha ITnh vuc bao lanh, thi truong vdn cho phat trien tang giiip cac doanh nghiep, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep tu nhan cd diiu kien tiep can vdn, trudc het la vdn ODA vdi tu each la von moi, sau dd thuc day thu hiit cac ngudn \dn thuang mai khac nhu da phan tich d muc 3.2.1 4.3.3 Tgo ca hoi kinh doanh Phai tao co hdi kinh doanh thuc sir cho cac doanh nghiep hoat ddng ITnh vuc ting Bit diu bing cac co hdi trd nha thau, nha cung cip, tu vin quan ly cac du an ODA khu vuc cdng, qua qua trinh tich luy kinh nghiem, cac doanh nghiep nay, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep tu nhan se tilp can sau ban de trd cac nha diu tu bing vdn ODA ket hgp vdn thuiTiig mai Din lugt cac doanh nghiep nhudng co hoi cho Ccic doanh nghiep khac di sau trd nha thiu, nha cung cip, tu \ an quan ly Nhu vay Ludn ydn tdt nghi('p: Chmmg trinh Thac sy Qudn ly cdng HQC vien: Trmrng Tdn Ldm Chuomg 4: Cdc ket qud phdn tich -, * dan din se hinh mot mdi trudng kinh doanh ITnh vorc ting vdi nhilu ca hdi kinh doanh cho du cac phin, quy md doanh nghiep khac tham gia Doanh nghiep cd trinh thip, quy md vdn va ky thuat nhd se tham gia mot sd khau don gian bing cac hgp ddng thiu phu, cac doanh nghiep ldm ban se la cac nha thiu chinh va cudi ciing cac doanh nghiep tich luy du vdn, ky thuat va kinh nghiem se trd cac nha diu tu, cung cap djch vu tang 4.3 A Cdc du dn thi diem Mot mo hinh muon cong phai trai qua giai doan thi di§m dk rut kinh nghiem va tiep tuc hoan thien Du an thi diem phai la cac du an t^ng voi quy mo nho nhung co tinh kha thi cao,hgi tu day dii cac yeu to cua mot du an Ion tuong lai la co sir chia se rui ro va Igi ich giiia khoi lu nhan va nha nuoc, von ODA dugc sii dung voi hinh thuc la von moi, tao xuc tac de thu hiit cac nguon von thuong mai khac vao du an bang hinh thiic gop \'6n dau tu Trong chuong trinh thi diem ve hgp tac cdng tu ma chinh phii khdi xuong vira qua sau viec ban hanh Quylt dinh sd 71/2010/OD=TTg 9/11/2010 vl viec ban hanh quy ehl thi dilm ve viec dau tu theo hinh thirc doi tac cdng tu thi hiu hit cac du an diu gap khd khan Nguyen nhan chu >eu la cac du an cd tinh thuang mai cao, cd kha nang thu hdi \dn \a rui ro tai chinh thip, tinh kha thi cao lau da dugc chon de dau tu theo hinh thirc BOT ma phin Idn giao cho cac doanh nghiep nha nude thuc hien Cac du an cdn lai dugc lira chgn de ap dung thi dilm hiu hit diu khdng hip dan cac nha diu tu tu nhan mac dii rit dugc cac co quan phat trien nhu JBIC, ADB \ a WB ung hg Ludn ydn tdt nghi('p: Chmmg trinh Thgc sy Qudn ly cdng HQC vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chucmg 4: Cdc ket qud phdn tich Trang 37 Mot du an thi diem nhung co quy mo Ion voi tong miic dau tu gin ty USD dugc cho la co trien vgng la Du an duong cao t6c Long Thanh - Phan Thiet da chgn dugc mot nha dau tu tu nhan la Cdng ty BITEXCO gdp von 60% Nha dau tu dugc Ngan hang Tai thilt & Phat triln Qudc tl (mot td chirc thugc WB) cam ket cho vay vdn ODA thdng qua chinh phu bao lanh de thuc hien du an Sau ban nam trien khai thi den van chua tim dugc ddi tac thir hai gdp 40% vdn cdn lai Hop 7: Thi diem cac diF an PPP cd SCH dung vdn ODA Trong so du an thi diem dau tien theo hinh thifc PPP dugc uu tien lua chon la Du an xay dung dudng vanh dai 4, Thanh Ha Ndi; Du an dau tu xay dung dudng cao toe tren cao so Thanh Ho Chi Minh; Du an xay dung nha may cung cap nud'c sach sdng Hau 1; Du an dau tu xay dung dudng noi Ha Long - Hai Phdng; Di/ an cau Nguyet Vien - Thanh Hda Qua danh gia, cd du an la dudng vanh dai TP Ha Ndi va Oud-ng tren cao so TP Ho Chi Minh khdng cd tinh kha thi, du an dud-ng noi Ha Long - Hai Phdng da dugc chinh quyen dia phuo-ng chuyen sang dau tu theo hinh thirc BT (von nha nud-c), du an cdn lai dang dugc tiep tuc xem xet Vi vay viec lira chgn, dh xuit cac dir an thi diem la het sire quan Kinh nghiem thit bai cua mot sd du an thi diem tren day mot lin nira khang dinh cin phai dl xuit cac du an thi dilm cd tinh kha thi cao, hip din cac nha diu tu tir dd mdi tao dugc tac ddng Ian toa, tich cue cua md hinh Ludn vdn tot nghi('p: Chmmg trinh Thgc sy Qudn ly cdng HQC vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chmmg 5: Ket qua nghien cuu va kit ludn j ,„ Chuarng 5: Ket qua nghien ciru va ket luan 5.1 Ket qua nghien citu Qua qua trinh phan tich d Chuong 4, kit qua qua nghien cim da ca ban tra Idi dugc cau hdi nghien ciru thir nhit la da chimg minh dugc nhimg Igi ich mang lai khdi tu nhan tilp can ngudn vdn ODA dl diu tu cac dir an phat trien co sd tang Cd bon ly chinh dl dich chuyin vdn ODA tir khu vuc cdng sang khu vuc tu nhan da dugc tim thiy d nghien cim gdm: Ly thii nhat la nham han che nhung thach thiic khach quan den tir phia cac co quan phat trien xu the cac co quan voi tu each la nha tai trg ODA deu co chien luge huong trgng tam sang khu vuc tu nhan, tang cudng sir tham gia cua khdi tu nhan va chuyen dan tai trg ODA sang khu vuc tu nhan Viec chiing ta cd chinh sach thay ddi phii hgp \di chien luge cua cac nha tai trg dd la dieu nen lam vdi tu each la nude tiep nhan ODA Ly thir hai nham de ngan chan nguy co ng cdng Viet Nam vugt ngoai ngudng an toan Trong boi canh cuoc khung hoang ng cdng a chau Au dang mot trim trgng va anh hudng sau sac den kinh te toan cau thi phat hien la hit sire quan trgng Ly thir ba nhim khic phuc nhugc dilm tiln thuc hien giai ngan cham cua ODA khu vuc cdng hien nay, mot can benh tuang chimg dom gian ma suot hai chuc nam qua chua the khac phuc dugc Ly thir tu nhim khic phuc nhugc dilm lang phi cOa ODA khu vuc cdng hien la he qua ciia quan ly kem hieu qua va tinh trang tham nhung tran Ian, mot nhugc dilm da lam xdi mdn Idng tin cua cac nha tai trg ODA, nhimg ngudi dan ddng thul cua cac nude tai trg cung nhu ngudi ddn nude vdi tu each la nhimg ngudi tra ng Ludn vdn tot nghi('p: Chmmg trinh Thgc sv Qudn ly cdng HQC vien: Trmmg Tan Ldm Chmmg 5: Ket qud nghien cuu vd kit ludn -^^ - ^ rranp 39 Ddi vdi cau hdi nghien cim thu hai la nhirng giai phap ^h viec tilp ean vdn ODA cua khdi tu nhan trd hien thuc va cd hieu qua, nghien cuu da dua ba nhdm giai phap chinh dd la tao mdi trudng thuan lai bao gdm cac dieu kien v l cai each luat phap, tao hanh lang phap ly lam ca sa cho qua trinh dien ra, tao ca hdi kinh doanh dk khu vuc tu nhan tu nudi dudng va tich luy kinh nghiem, ky thuat, tai chinh dk trd cac nha diu tu cung cip dich vu ting va cudi ciing la lira chon va trinh diln cdng cac d^ an thi dilm d l tao sire Ian tda va hoan thien din cac diiu kien cho md hinh cdng tuong lai 5.2 Nhung han che va huong nghien citu tiep theo Han che cua nghien ciru trudc hit nim d \iec lira chon md hinh phan tich Vdi viec phan tich SWOT theo phuang phap dinh tinh tu cac ngudn dir lieu thir cap thu thap dugc, nghien ciru mdi chi lam rd nhung nhugc diem va thach thiic cua ODA khu vuc cong hien ma chua dii dii lieu de phan tich ve khia canh tich cue va uu diem cua no Nhugc di6m mo mot huong nghien ciiu tiep theo tuong lai la co th^ chon mo hinh phan tich djnh lugng tu cac du lieu so cap thu thap true ti^p a mot so du an ODA kliu vuc cong cu the da va dang thuc hien Dua tren cac phuong phap theo doi va danh gia du an ODA dugc phat trien boi mot so to chiic tai trg nhu WB, ADB, JBIC tren co so ly thuyet He thong theo doi va danh gid theo ket qua ciia Jody Kusek, Ray Rist se cho ket qua danh gia day dii va chinh xac hon Tuy nhien, phuong phap doi hoi dau tu nhieu thdi gian va cong siic nghien cuu Mot han ch^ nua la d6i voi cau hoi nghien cuu thii hai thi viec de xuat nhijng giai phap chi dung lai o miic khai quat, chua the di sau phan tich cac giai phap cu th^ dk viec tidp can v6n ODA cua khoi tu nhan tro hien thuc va CO hieu qua Ludn vdn tot nghi(*p: Chmmg trinh Thgc sy Qudn ly cdng Hac vien: Trmmg Tdn Ldm Chuomg 5: Ket qud nghien cuu vd kit ludn Trang 40 5.3 Ket luan Mac dii van mot so han che nhu da neu o tren, nghien cuu da chi dugc nhiJng loi ich mang lai khoi tu nhan tilp can ngu6n v6n ODA de dau tu cac du an phat trien co so tang Trong boi canh kho khan vh nguon luc tai chinh cong hien nay, day la mot huong di moi tao buoe dot pha va la trien vgng cho phat trien tang Viet Nam tuong lai 2;;^—^T;^^ HQC vien: Trmmg Tan Ldm Thgc sy Quan ly cong Tdi li^u tham khao • Tai lieu tham Trang 41 khao ADB (2000), Private Development ADB-JBIC ~WB (2005), Framework for Strategy Connecting East Asia: A Xew Infrastructure Bd Tai chinh, Ban tin ng cong s6 Ho Hii-u Tiln (2009), Ban vi vdn di quan ly vdn ODA a Viet Nam, Tap chi khoa hgc va cdng nghe - Dai hoc Da Ning, Sd 2(31) Luat Xay dimg (2003) Nghi djnh 38/2013/ND-CP ban hanh 24/4/2013, vi quan ly va sir dung nguon von ho trg phdt triin chinh thuc ODA vd nguon von vay iiTA dai cua cdc nhd tdi trg Pham Thu Hien (2007), The Effects of ODA in Ifrastructure in FDI Inflows in Provinces in Vietnam 2002 -2004, Vietnam Development Forum in Tokyo, The 39'^ Workshop Phan Trung Chinh, Dac diem nguou von ODA va thicc trgng qudn ly nguon von a nuac ta Tap chi Ngan hang so 7, thang 4/2008 Tan Diic, ODA: Hieu qud chua phai la muc tieu quan ty Tap chi kinh te va du bao So 14/2008 10.WB (2002), Private Development World Bank Group Ludn ydn tot nghii/p: Chmmg trinh Thac sy Qudn ly cong HQC vien: Irmmg Tan Ldm Strategy - Directions for the ... participation of the private sector For Vietnam, the context in which the participation of the private sector is in very faint role, infrastructure investment finance is mainly depends on ODA funds Efficiency... Conclusions: The study demonstrate the from the accessibility of the private sector to the ODA funds for infrastructure development projects There are four main reasons for ODA shift from the public to the. .. works for the consulting company under the private sector implements the ongoing projects but employees of the private sector are paid ten times the salary of public sector employees The lack of incentives,