THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THU HOA A STUDY OF FOOD WASTE DISPOSAL PROCESS OF KANETSU BUSSAN COMPANY IN SAITAMA, JAPAN BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2014-2018 Type : On-the-Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 2019 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name NGUYEN THU HOA Student ID DTN1454290042 Thesis title A study of food waste disposal process of Kanetsu Bussan Company in Saitama, Japan Supervisor Dr Van Huu Tap Supervisor’s signature Abstract: Food waste is one of big problems for food industry that makes companies pay a lot of money to solve By using technologies, a company in Japan – Kanetsu Bussan company can reduce the cost for disposal food waste and reuse it for agriculture The purpose of this study is study about the process of food waste treatment in Kanetsu Bussan company, Saitama, Japan For each day, the company can disposal a ton of food waste by using machine that operations like a human’s body The food waste with the bacteria resolution and air are combined in a water tank to treatment After processing, the waste is non-poisonous for environment and odourless In addition, the water waste from this process, sometimes, can have metals For ton of food waste will discharge 100 ml waster-waste There are many advantages by using that machine for reduce the cost that pay for food waste disposal and protect the environment Key words : Food waste, disposal, bacteria, classify, Japan Number of pages: 49 Date of 04/03/2019 Submission: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to testify my endless thanks and gratefulness to Advanced Education Program (AEP) as well as teachers of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry and other universities, who have taught not only valuable lessons and essential skills but also inspiration me During the internship in Japan, I would like to give a big thank from the bottom of my heart to Hayasaka san, Shitou san, Takahashi san, Ikeda san, Abe san, Marcy san and Atomu san, who have taught enthusiastically with extensive knowledge, always take care and support that can help me to get a successfully complete the internship I would like to express special thanks to Dr Van Huu Tap, who is always supported and helped me a lot in spending much time for checking my thesis report I also would like to say thank to all my friends who go with me to Japan and big brothers and sister – Hoang, Hien, Thu and a kindness friend – Kobi Yama for always beside and support me The last but not least, I would like to give special thanks to my family and lovely friends for their love and moral support throughout my study Due to the lack of knowledge and time to practice, so my report still has many mistakes Therefore, I am very grateful if I receive the comments and options from teachers and others to contribute my report Thai Nguyen, 4th March, 2019 Student Nguyen Thu Hoa iii TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Contents of work 1.4 Profile of the cooperating agency 1.4.1 History and development 1.4.2 Corporate philosophy 1.5 Description of my activities 12 1.5.1 Assigned tasks during internship 12 1.5.2 Diary of training 13 1.6 Timelines 14 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.1 International literature review 16 2.2 National literature review 19 2.2.1 Food waste in Japan 19 2.2.2 Food waste in Vietnam 21 CHAPTER III STATUS OF THE CONSIDERED ISSUE AT THE TRAINING AGENCY 23 3.1 Object and scope of the study 23 iv 3.1.1 Object of the study 23 3.1.2 Scope of the study 23 3.2 Location and time of conducting 23 3.2.1 Location 23 3.2.2 Time 23 3.3 Research content 23 3.4 Methods 23 3.5 The food waste disposal at Kanetsu Bussan Company in Saitama, Japan 24 3.5.1 Introduce of the food waste disposal system 24 3.5.2 Some advantages of food waste disposal machine 26 3.6 Data collection about food waste of Kanetsu Bussan Company 27 3.6.1 The amount of food waste at Kanetsu Bussan Company 28 3.6.2 The quantity of food waste disposal 29 3.6.3 The cost for food waste treatment at Kanetsu Bussan Company 31 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNDED 32 4.1 Discussion 32 4.1.1 Some food waste treatment technologies in the world 32 4.1.2 Food waste disposal at Kanetsu Bussan Company 38 4.2 Lesson learned 38 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 40 REFERENCES 41 APPENDICES 43 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure The comparison across national production areas of Konnyaku in Japan 11 Figure Food waste disposal machine 25 Figure Structure of built-in food waste treatment system machine 26 Figure Digestive organs .26 Figure Model of the food waste disposal machine 27 Figure Food waste, water and small metal balls .27 Figure The quantity of food waste at Kanetsu Bussan Company from 2015 to 2018 29 Figure Panoramic image of the factories and office in Saitama 43 Figure One of places of garbage collection .43 Figure 10 The place for food waste that will be treatment inside the company 44 Figure 11 Guide of waste’s place 44 Figure 12 Water waste of machine .44 Figure 13 Water waste treatment system 44 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: History and development of Kanetsu Bussan Table 2: Diary of training 13 Table 3: Estimation of food waste in Vietnam from 2007 to 2025 .22 Table 4: The amount of food waste at Kanetsu Bussan Company from 2015 to 2018 28 Table 5: The quantity of food waste disposal by environment’s company 30 Table 6: The quantity of food waste disposal of Kanetsu Bussan Company 30 Table 7: The fee for food waste treatment at Kanetsu Bussan Company from 2016 to 2018 31 Table 8: Some advantages of AD 33 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning Konnyaku Konjac - the Asian plant Amorphophallus konjac (syn A rivieri) SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise FSSC 22000 International Food Safety and Quality Management System Certification FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry MBT Mechanical Biological Treatment CHP An energy technology that generates electricity and capture the heat CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale Nowadays, getting a job in other countries especial developed countries becomes a hot trend and popular Having a job in other countries is a big chance and opens a new world for everyone but also give a trial to overcome self’s limits As a lucky person, I got an opportunity to my internship as well as job training in Kanetsu Bussan Company, Saitama, Japan After months living and working in Japan, I got a huge of lessons that really helpful, motivate and inspire me for my future job As a food company, Kanetsu Bussan also needs to face with waste especially food waste; the way to treat it and protect environment By using machine and technologies, Kanetsu Bussan company found the suitable ways for waste treatment but also safe for the environment As a final year of Environmental Science and Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, I decided to choose a topic about “A study of food waste disposal process of Kanetsu Bussan Company in Saitama, Japan” to have a deeper view of how food waste is handled and the way Japanese people protect environment 1.2 Objectives - Learning the mode of production and attitude in working of Japanese - Understanding about Konnyaku; how to grow, process and products creation - Understanding how Kanetsu Bussan treat waste and protect the environment - Understanding the food safe policy and the important of always keep clean 1.3 Contents of work - Almost of time was working in packing the products - Every month, on Friday of 3rd week, I had a lesson about how the company operations and training working’s skills 1.4 Profile of the cooperating agency Name: KANETSU BUSSAN CO., LTD Representative: Representative Director and President Koichi Shirai (Shirai Koichi) Address of head office: 5-5-2 Mejiro Toshima-ku, Tokyo TEL 03-3952-4151 FAX 03-3952-2996 Address of factory: - Saitama factory: Moriyama Town Market in Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture 350-0434 TEL: 049-294-6888 FAX: 049-295-1996 - Gunma Factory: 156-1 Kitamaki, Shibukawa-shi, Gunma Prefecture, 377-0205 TEL 0279-53-5101 FAX 0279-53-3388 URL: http://www.kan-etsu.com Business item: Konjac, Shirataki, Northern, Dessert, Chikubuga Hokka, etc Table 5: The quantity of food waste disposal by environment’s company (Unit: kg) Month Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 2017 5,200 4,870 18,580 18,120 35,000 27,590 2018 4,790 9,100 15,420 20,830 24,890 24,830 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total (kg) 2017 41,220 19,400 10,270 4,400 9,580 4,800 199,030 2018 42,340 17,720 10,210 5,040 0 175,170 (Source: Kanetsu Bussan Company, 2018) Table 6: The quantity of food waste disposal of Kanetsu Bussan Company (Unit: kg) Month Year 2017 Total (kg) June July August September October November 9,985 9,454 15,279 18,105 15,145 13,781 81,749 (Source: Kanetsu Bussan Company, 2018) Because of lacking information, I could not get enough data for both ways that Kanetsu Bussan used to food waste disposal In other hand, we can see that the quantity of food waste that was treated in other company is more than in Kanetsu Bussan Company 30 3.6.3 The cost for food waste treatment at Kanetsu Bussan Company Table 7: The fee for food waste treatment at Kanetsu Bussan Company from 2016 to 2018 (Unit: Yen) Year Month 2016 2017 2018 January _ 116,400 107,380 February _ 109,140 204,200 March _ 416,760 348,389 April _ 406,639 471,708 May _ 666,058 559,579 June 402,878 690,298 558,258 July 866,738 926,838 951,476 August 420,040 434,800 397,839 September 171,820 229,940 228,620 October 113,740 98,800 112,880 November _ 214,760 _ December 219,360 107,600 _ Total ( yen) 2,194,576 4,418,033 3,940,329 (Source: Kanetsu Bussan Company, 2018) As we can see, the fee for food waste disposal increased every year because of the food waste also increased every year Kanetsu Bussan Company recorded a highest rate of fee in July every year that were 866,738 yen in 2016, 926,838 yen in 2017 and 951,476 yen in 2018 From October to February were the months got the lower fee for food waste disposal (about from 90,000 yen to 210,000 yen per month) Especially, the lowest rate made up was 98,800 yen in October of 2017 31 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNDED 4.1 Discussion 4.1.1 Some food waste treatment technologies in the world 4.1.1.1 Technologies that treat separately-collected food waste (a) Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a chemical processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material (organic matter) in the absence of oxygen and the results of the processes production of carbon dioxide ( ) and methane ( ) Using AD makes more ecological and economic benefits when treat biogenic wastes than landfilling and composting The anaerobic digester when compared to landfilling - is a system that is completely enclosed and all the biogas allow to be collected, reducing gas emissions which can be harmful to the environment Previous studies indicated that AD has an improved energy balance in comparison with composting Unlike the production of methane from composting just produces carbon dioxide without energy value, anaerobic digestion is a renewable source of energy Biogas is the most important by-product of the AD process Under controlled conditions, the biogas produced from the AD process is considered as a renewable energy source, the biogas produced that are 50% methane and 50% carbon dioxide can be used for energy production, helping to replace fossil fuels for cooking and heating, or it can burned to product electricity Public buildings, horticultural glasshouses, and small-scale industry at a community level can have opportunities for heat use from another method that us the gas combined heat and power (CHP) plants Upgrade biogas is becoming increasingly popular method, resulting in pure methane for injection into 32 the gas grid, providing low-pressure gas for the community or for use as fuel for vehicle Gas upgrading is often reserved for large installations, but the ability to this on a smaller scale or private business would significantly expand the potential applications There are many advantages of AD in real life that will be shown in the table below: Table 8: Some advantages of AD No Objects Advantages Production of baseload power for sustained energy use Production of energy that can be stored and used to meet peak load demand Electricity production for on-site, local or injection into the electricity grid Off-grid, localised energy production Enhanced energy security from domestic sources Renewable energy Reduced dependence on fossil-fuel energy production Generation of heat from CHP units within biogas plants Generation of biomethane for vehicle fuel Generation of biomethane for onsite, local or injection into the natural gas distribution network Generation of energy in combination with other forms of power generation, e.g mix wind and solar power Reduced greenhouse gas emissions and Climate change mitigation particulate emissions by substituting fossil fuels 33 No Objects Advantages such as coal and oil as energy supplies to buildings, homes and industry Reduced greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles by substitution of diesel and gasoline with biomethane as fuel Reduction of uncontrolled methane emissions in dumps and landfills and generation of renewable energy from untreated food and other organic wastes Biogas recovery from landfills avoids methane emissions Using digestate to restore the carbon storage and sequestration capacity of soils Reduction of deforestation by replacing solidbiomass-based domestic fuels with biogas Substituting biomethane for fossil fuel in vehicles Improving urban air Replace solid fuel by biogas for inland cooking quality and heating Avoiding the uncontrolled release of methane from landfills Recycling of nutrients, organic matter and carbon for restoring soils Contributing towards food Increasing crop productivity through use of security nutrient-rich digestate bio-fertiliser Recirculating phosphorus, which is necessary for growing of plants 34 No Objects Advantages To reduce odours and the spread of diseases by treating and recycling organic wastes from uncontrolled dumping Preventing spread of diseases through collection Improving health and and proper management of organic waste sanitation through better Improving sanitation and hygiene through solid waste management decentralized and local treatment of organic and sewage waste Protecting water bodies Reducing impact on water bodies by reduce the carbon load of wastewater Generating short-term construction employment and long-term equipment manufacturing and maintenance employment, as well as plant operations employment Encouraging growth of new enterprises by providing reliable electricity that can be stored Economic development and job creation and used when needed, i.e baseload energy Generating employment in the waste sector by collecting food and other biogenic wastes separately and through sales of digestate Improving quality of life in marginal farming communities and reducing migration from these by improving crop yields and sanitation, lighting and heating (Source: World Biogas Association, 2018) 35 (b) Composting Composting is an aerobic process that decomposes organic material into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner There are some types of composting are backyard or onsite composting, aerated windrow composting, vermicomposting, in-vessel composting (IVC) and aerated static pile composting Both IVC and windrow composting are described in this section as convenient methods to treating urban food waste, which will often include animal by-products requiring high temperature treatment IVC is practiced throughout Europe whilst we find windrow composting widely implemented in the USA and developing countries Some advantages of composting are: - Is a relatively simple, naturally-occurring process and predictable - Requiring little machinery and upfront cost is low - Depending on available of land, a large amount of waste can be processed - Produces high organic fertilizer for a range of plant growing markets including agriculture and horticulture – helping to restore soils - Restores the carbon storage and the ability to isolate soils There are some disadvantages of composting are: - Some countries cannot use composting (such as UK) to treat wastes that contain catering and animal wastes due to Animal By-Products Regulations - Waste is susceptible to environmental changes such as storms and changes in temperature causing disruptions to the process and other problems such as over heating or charring of waste and water runoff; - The odour emissions are easier able into process; - Does not recover energy, thus reducing the emissions-saving potential; - The quality of the input impact to the usability of compost 36 4.1.1.2 Technologies that treat non-separated food waste (i.e organic waste mixed in with inorganic waste) (a) Gasification Gasification is a process that converts organic materials (e.g food waste, biomass) or mixtures of organics and inorganics into a flammable gas called syngas, by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700°C) with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam Therefore, it is a technology that related to thermochemical conversion, such as incineration or pyrolysis The syngas is usually involves carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H ) and CO Gasification as a technology has been slow to develop, with few waste gasifiers operating globally (b) Incineration with energy recovery Incineration is the controlled combustion at extremely high temperatures of mixed solid waste to reduce the volume of the waste The process is highly exothermic (it releases heat) and the objective is the safe disposal of the waste (c) Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) is the mixtures of both physical and biological processes, which can be organize in a number of different ways that describes a number of different processes dealing with the treatment of waste Many European countries such as Germany, Italy, the UK, and Austria use MBT as an established waste treatment technology Though MBT has the ability to handle both source separated waste and mixed waste, it tends to be used, for residual or “black bag” waste and for the former 37 4.1.2 Food waste disposal at Kanetsu Bussan Company Globally, food waste has become an increasingly recognized environmental issue over the last decade Solving the food waste is also the problems for almost country, especial, developing countries A leading countries in using environmentally friendly technology; Japan is developing so many biological technologies for food waste disposal Kanetsu Bussan Company in Saitama, Japan is also using a lot of environmentally machine to disposal the waste As a food industry company, the food waste at Kanetsu Bussan Company is depending on the seasons For each seasons, the company will produce different types of products Because of the main products of this company is Konnyaku so in the hot time - the output will be higher than in the winter time More products means more waste, so, in the summer time, especially in July, the company need pay more money to treatment the waste With many of advantages, the machine of food waste disposal can reduce the cost and also protect the environment 4.2 Lesson learned Having opportunity to work in Japan made a big change for me that helped me can overcome myself and be more confident Living in Japan that means you live in a strict environment with many rules and regulations Protect environment is one of the most important things for Japanese people They are really care about environment from simplest and smallest things that they can and rarely use products from the companies that the bad things to environment such as discharging untreated waste water into pond, rivers and streams, etc When living in Japan, I learned how to classify the waste and must throw garbage at right days When you did not classify the waste and throw it at wrong days, the garbage collector will not collect it and paste a yellow note in the 38 garbage It is just a simple thing but it is easier to handle garbage properly and environmentally safe I also got a huge of experiences about Japanese culture and lifestyle At the same time, by sharing advice and knowledge, the managers and staffs helped me have had precious lessons to avoid mistakes in the actual work in the future Learning how to working in Japan’s style is also an interesting and useful lesson for me Always comply with workplace regulations; always keep good relationships with everyone inside and outside the workplace; be more polite and helpful people; becoming hard-working, keep healthy and clean are also important I think that the internship time in Japan will give me a good premise for my future career 39 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION Doing an internship in Japan is open a new world for me Having a great internship is a first step to have a great job in the future It is the first time I work in the actual job so I still got some mistakes, be not really confident enough, lack of knowledge about work experience, skills are not good enough Therefore, my learning results are not high In other hand, by got so many knowledge and experiences from enthusiastic managers and staffs, I got a chance to change myself become better First of all, working in Kanetsu Bussan Company helps me have a first view about workplace I learned how to be hardworking, responsible and serious at work Moreover, I know that the attitude in working is so important When you are working with a good attitude, the results will be better In addition, I can know more about Japan’s environment law and how Japanese people protect their environment and life It was also a good experience for me to apply it when I come back Vietnam Vietnam is a developing country so industrial waste is a one of big problems of our country Learning and applying the advanced technologies from other developed countries is also an appropriate solution that being considered for dealing with national problems, especially treatment waste Japan is an advanced country with many environmentally friendly technologies that we can learn and make it suitable to apply in Vietnam In conclusion, in my view, I believe that have an actual work is essential to bring us more experiences and it will help us to extend our knowledge about new things in daily life 40 REFERENCES Almost information was collected from lessons and data that are internal circulation information and in the Website of Kanetsu Bussan Company Website of Kanetsu Bussan Company Retrieved from: http://kan-etsu.com/company/ (accessed on 3/2019) I Vietnamese references Hong Nhung, Thu Giang (07/10/2016) Experience in managing and handling waste in the world (Kinh nghiệm quản lý xử lý rác thải giới) Retrived from: http://www.baoxaydung.com.vn/news/vn/the-gioi/kinh-nghiem-quan-ly-va-xu-ly-racthai-tren-the-gioi.html (accessed on 15/02/2019) Pham Trieu Luat The world and Vietnam report (26/01/2018) How big cities around the world handle waste? (Các thành phố lớn giới xử lý rác thải nào?) Retrived from: http://baoquocte.vn/cac-thanh-pho-lon-tren-the-gioi-xu-ly-rac-thai- nhu-the-nao-65045.html (accessed on 14/02/2019) Surphi10 (July 7, 2018) Advanced waste treatment technologies in the world (Những công nghệ xử lý rác thải tiên tiến Thế Giới) Retrived from: https://doimoisangtao.vn/news/2018/7/7/nhng-cng-ngh-x-l-rc-thi-tintin-trn- th-gii (accessed on 15/02/2019) II English references David R Henderson, The concise encyclopedia of economic Japan and the Myth of MITI Dieu T M Tran, Truong M Le, Viet T Nguyen, 2014: Composition and Generation Rate of Household Solid Waste: Reuse and Recycling Ability - A case study in District 1st, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam International Journal of Environmental Protection Vol Iss 6, pp 73-81 41 Dr Sarika Jain, David Newman: World Biogas Association Ricardo Cepeda-Márquez, Kathrin Zeller,: Food, Water and Waste Programme - C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (2018) Global Food Waste Management: An Implementation Guide for Cities – full report It is published in spring of 2018 Federica Marra, M.A in Japanese Studies – Asian Students, (2011-2013), Fighting food loss and food waste in Japan Food wastage footprint: Impacts on natural resources – Summary report FSSC 22000 launches version 4.1 of its Scheme The Netherlands, July 2017 10 Hoa Huu Nguyen, Sonia Heaven, Charles Banks, 2014: Energy potential from the anaerobic digestion of food waste in municipal solid waste stream of urban areas in Vietnam DOI 10.1007/s40095-014-0133-1 Int J Energy Environ Eng (2014) 5:365–374 11 Japan brand, Konnyaku (Konjac) Retrieved from: https://japan-brand.jnto.go.jp/foods/other_food/39/ (accessed on 01/3/2019) 12 Junko Edahiro and Yuriko Yoneda, JFS Newsletter No.51 (November 30, 2006), Food Waste Recycling in Japan Retrieved from: https://www.japanfs.org/en/news/archives/news_id027817 (accessed on 01/12/2018) 13 National State of Environment report, 2011: Solid waste Chapter 2: Urban solid waste 14 World Health Organization, Geneva (2004), Laboratory biosafety manual – third edition Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf (Accessed on 16/02/2019) 42 APPENDICES Figure Panoramic image of the factories and office in Saitama Figure One of places of garbage collection 43 Figure 10 The place for food waste that Figure 11 Guide of waste’s place will be treatment inside the company Figure 12 Water waste of machine Figure 13 Water waste treatment system 44 ... purpose of this study is study about the process of food waste treatment in Kanetsu Bussan company, Saitama, Japan For each day, the company can disposal a ton of food waste by using machine that... Kanetsu Bussan Company in Saitama, Japan is also using a lot of environmentally machine to disposal the waste As a food industry company, the food waste at Kanetsu Bussan Company is depending on... 3.5 The food waste disposal at Kanetsu Bussan Company in Saitama, Japan 24 3.5.1 Introduce of the food waste disposal system 24 3.5.2 Some advantages of food waste disposal machine