- Câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả một sự việc, một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ mà chỉ là sự hối tiếc, một ước muốn thuộc về quá khứ mà thôi.. EX1 The driver wasn’t careful.[r]
(1)(2)CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Conditional sentences type 1
Câu điều kiện loại diễn tả điều kiện xảy tương lai (Real in the present/ future)
If clause Main clause
- simple present will
- present perfect shall + bare-infinitive
- present continuous can
EX1 I will saty at home if it rains
EX2 If she has finished her work, she can go home EX3 If father is sleeping, you can go out
Câu điều kiện loại với lời yêu cầu hay mệnh lệnh
EX1 If you see Tom at the party tonight, tell him to phone me EX2 Don’t talk in class and the teacher won’t punish you
Câu điều kiện loại với “should” mệnh đề IF hàm ý nghi ngờ, không chắc chắn.
EX1 If anybody should come, please tell him to wait for me
Should anybody come, please tell him to wait for me (lược bỏ IF) Conditional sentences type 2
If clause Main clause
Past simple (V2/ed) would
be were could + bare-infinitive might
- Câu điều kiện loại diễn tả:
Một điều kiện trái với xảy tương lai
EX1 If I were you, I would accept his invitation
EX2 She can’t speak Chinese If she coul speak Chinses, she would get the job Một tưởng tượng ước mơ
(3) Conditional sentences type
If clause Main clause Past perfect (had+V3/ed) would
could + have V3/ed might
- Câu điều kiện loại diễn tả việc, điều kiện thật khứ mà hối tiếc, ước muốn thuộc khứ mà
EX1 The driver wasn’t careful He had an accident
If the driver had been more careful, he wouldn’t have had the accident EX2 Tom didn’t go to the party last night
If he had gone to the party last night, he could have met the new manager Inversion (đảo ngữ) type 2+3
- Ta bỏ “if” dùng hình thức đảo ngữ, đảo ngữ với should/were/had EX1 If it should be neccssary, I will go
Should it be neccssary, I will go
EX2 If I were rich, I would buy a new car Were I rich, I would buy a new car
EX3 If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer
Một số từ/ cụm từ thay cho IF với nghĩa tương đương: provided that, so (as) long as (miễn là), in case (trong trường hợp), on conditional that (với điều kiện)
EX1 You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back Điều kiện hỗn hợp (2+3)
EX2 If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now EX3 If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now
If … not = unless
Unless (trừ phi) thường dùng câu điều kiện – lúc Unless = if … not
(4)
If we don’t start at once we will be late
EX2 Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exams
If you don’t study hard, You won’t pass the exams EX3 We will be late if we don’t hurry
We will be late unless we hurry EX4 If I have time, I’ll help you Unless I have time, I won’t help you
Implied condional (điều kiện hiểu ngầm)
Đề có: “or, or else, but, without, otherwise, but for, unless” viết câu điều kiện đổi vế câu đề
EX1 Keep silent or you’ll wake the boy up
If you don’t keep silent, you’ll wake the boy up EX2 Without the air, we would die
If there weren’t the air, we would die
EX3 But for your help, I wouldn’t have been successful If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have been successful
Cách viết câu điều kiện theo tình cho sẵn Chọn loại điều kiện
Lấy: Mệnh đề nguyên nhân thường bắt đầu “because” làm mệnh đề “if”
Áp dụng công thức
Xác định đổi phủ định ngược lại (loại 2,3)
Bỏ “because, so therefore, this/that is why, and” (nếu có)
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH
Khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp, câu điều kiện chuyển đổi theo cách thông thường
EX1 “If I catch the plane, I’ll be phone home by five.”
He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five EX2 “If I had any money I’d buy you a drink.”
She said if she had had/ had any money she would have bought/ would buy me a drink
(5)
He said that If she had loved Tom she wouldn’t have left him
Câu gợi ý, lệnh, yêu cầu hay khuyến bảo có mệnh đề if thuật lại nhiều cách
EX1 “If you feel ill, why don’t you go to bed?”
She advised me to go to bed if I felt ill
She said that if I felt ill I should got to bed
Câu có mệnh đề if + câu hỏi thường thuật lại với mềnh đề if nằm cuối câu
EX1 “If the door is locked what shall I do?”
She asked what she should/ was to if the door was locked
Lời khuyên “If I were you I should/ would …” thường thuật lại
advise + O + inf
EX1 “If I were you, I’d stop taking tranquillizers,” I said
I advised him to stop taking tranquillizers TỔNG KẾT
Conditional sentences 1
Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1, ta đổi động từ theo quy tắc chuyển đổi câu tường thuật.
EX1 he said, “If I catch the plane I’ll be home by five”
He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five EX2 ‘If Iyou feel ill”, she said, “you’d better go to bed”
She said that if felt ill I’d better/ I should got o bed Conditional sentences 2,3
Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ không đổi.
EX1 “If I had a permit I could get a job”, he said (type2)
He said that if had a permit he could get a job
EX2 “If she had loved Tom”, he said, “she wouldn’t have left him” (type3)