Ta thµnh lËp Present perfect ( simple) b»ng have / has + the past participle. - They have just had dinner. - He has already written a his poem.. d) H·y nhËn xÐt sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a gone v[r]
(1)Ôn tập
Về Thì Review : Present tense I / Thì tiếp diễn ( I am doing ) a) Nghiên cứu tình sau:
Lara ngồi xe cô ta Cô đờng làm. She is driving to work.
Điều có nghĩa :Cô lái xe vào thời điểm ngời nói nói Đó Present continuous tense :
Form: * Câu xác định : S + Tobe + V-ing
* Câu phủ định : S + Tobe + not + V-ing * Câu nghi vấn : Tobe + S + V-ing ?
Trạng từ thờng kèm : now , right now , at the moment , at present ,…
Ta dùng present continuous nói điều xảy vào thời điểm nói :
- Look ! They are swimming in the lake
- Please don’t make so much noise I am studying - It’s o’clock We are having dinner
- Where is Smith ? He’s having a bath - Listen! She is playing a piano
b) Ta dùng present continuous nói điều xảy gần thời điểm nói nhng khơng thiết phải xác vào thời điểm nói Hãy nghiên cứu tình sau :
- John vµ Susan nãi chun vµ ng níc quán cà phê Tom nói : Im reading an interesting books at the moment I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finish it !
John khơng đọc sách lúc anh nói Anh ngụ ý anh bắt đầu đọc sách cịn cha đọc xong Dới vài ví dụ :
- Slivia is learning English at the moment
- Have you heard about Tom ? He is building his own house Chắc Slivia Tom không làm việc vào thời điểm nói
c) Ta thêng dùng present continuous nói khoảng thời gian xung quanh hiên Ví dụ : today, this season …
- You‘re working hard today Yes, I have a lot to
- Tom isn’t playing football this season He wants to concentrate on his studies
d) Ta thờng dùng present continuous nói tình biến đổi :
- The population of the world is rising very fast - Is your English getting better ?
II / Thì đơn giản ( I ) a) Nghiên cứu tình sau :
Alex lµ ngêi lái xe khách Nhng ngủ giờng Vì : He is not driving a bus ( he is sleeping)
Nhng : He drives a bus Đó Present simple tense :
(2)He/ she / it + Verb (+s , es) * Câu phủ định : I / you/ we / they + don t + Verb’ He/ she / it + doesn t + Verb’ * Câu nghi vấn : Do + I / you/ we / they + Verb ? Does + He/ she / it + Verb ?
Trạng từ kèm: always (luôn luôn) ; every day/ week /night/ year… (hằng ngày/ tuần / đêm/năm…) ; generally (thờng thờng ); often
(thêng, hay) ; sometimes(thØnh tho¶ng );usually( thêng) ; never (kh«ng bao giê) ;…
Ta dùng Present simple tense để nói việc chung Ta không nghĩ Ta dùng để nói điều xảy thờng xuyên lặp lặp lại , điều chân lý nói chung Hành động xảy vào thời điểm nói hay khơng , điều khơng quan trọng:
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west - The moon goes around the Earth
- The Earth goes around the sun
- The teachers teach students in schools - Most of children like toys
Ghi nhớ động từ thứ ba số he /she /it có a: - I work in a bank Barry works in a shop
b) Ta dùng do/ does để đặt câu hỏi câu phủ định : - Does the sun rise in the east ?
- Does the moon go around the Earth ? - Do you speak English ?
- What does he in his free time ?
- Where you live? + I live in Manchester City
- Would you like cigarette ? +No, thanks I don’t smoke - Rice doesn’t grow in the French
- She doesn’t like Math
c) Ta dùng Present simple nói việc đợc làm thờng xuyên : - I get up at 7.30 every morning
- He usually plays volleyball at 5.00 p.m - How often does she go to the museum ? - Marry plays piano twice a week
d) Chó ý ta nãi “ Where you come from ? (= Where are you from ?) - Where you come from ?
+ He comes from China
e) Khi gợi ý làm điều , bạn nói Why dont you …? - I’m tired Why don’t you go to bed early ?
III / Thì Hoµn thµnh ( I Have done ) (I) Thì hoàn thành ( I have done )
a) Nghiên cứu tình sau ;
Tom tìm chìa khóa Anh ta tìm thấy He has lost his key
“ He has lost his key.” có nghĩa Tom đánh suốt thời gian ngắn trớc anh cha tìm lại đợc
Th× Present perfect ( simple ) chia nh sau :
Form: * Câu xác định : S + have / has + past participle
(3)Ta thành lập Present perfect ( simple) have / has + the past participle Past participle thờng có đI – ed ( opened ; decided ) nhng nhiều động từ có cấu tạo đặc biệt (sung ; lost; written ; done ;gone; ) b)Ta dùng Present perfect ( simple ) hành động có mối liên hệ với
- I have lost my case ( = I haven’t got it now ) (= Bây tay )
- Susan has gone to America ( = He is in America or on his way there now ) (= Anh âý Mỹ đờng tới )
c) Ta thờng dùng Present perfect để cung cấp tin nói việc vừa xảy
- Oh! I ‘ve burnt myself
- Do you know about Susan? She has gone to America - I have lost my case Can you have me look for it ?
Bạn dùng Present perfect ( simple ) với just ( = khoảng thời gian trớc , vừa ) :
- I have just drawn a picture - They have just had dinner
- He has just sung a song : “Merry Chirstmas” - Nicky has just grown these roses
Bạn dùng Present perfect ( simple ) với already( đã,rồi ) để nói việc xảy sớm dự kiến :
- I have already done my test
- Don’t forget to post the letter , will you ? I’ve already posted it - He has already written a his poem
d) H·y nhËn xÐt sù kh¸c gone been to:
- Moody is on holiday He has gone to Italy ( = Bây anh đờng đI tới )
- Lara is back in China now He has been to Italy (= Anh nhng )
(II) Thì hoàn thành ( I have done ) a) Nghiên cứu đoạn hội thoại ví dụ sau :
Dave : Have you traveled a lot , Nora?
Nora : Yes, I ve been’ to 47 differrent countries. Dave: Really ? Have you ever been to China ? Nora : Yes , I ve visited’ China twice.
Dave :What about India?
Nora : No, I ve never been’ to India.
Khi nói khoảng thời gian cịn tiếp diễn đến , ta dùng Present perfect Nora Dave kể nơI mà Nora đến đời ( khoảng thời gian tiếp diễn )
Dới vài ví dụ :
- Have you read Hamlet ? I haven’t read any of Shakespeare’s plays
- How many time have you been to the Japan ?
- Susan really loves that film She has seen it eight times - Catrina has lived in England all her life
- Catrina has always lived in England
(4)- Has he ever eaten pizza? He has never eaten pizza
- Have you ever driven a air plane ? I’ve never driven a air plane Ta thờng dùng Present perfect sau Superlative ( so sánh tuyệt đối)
- What a boring film ! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen - Is it a long book ? Yes, It’s the longest book I have ever read - Jasmin is the most beautiful girl We have ever met
b) Bạn phải dùng Present perfect câu This is the first time… ; It’s the first time… etc
NhËn xét ví dụ tình dới :
- Kirt lái xe Anh hồi hộp tự tin lần anh ngồi sau tay lái Bạn nói :
- This is the first time Kirt has driven a car (không dùngdrives) Hoặc He has never driven a car before
Dới vài ví dụ kh¸c :
- Tom has lost his passport again It’s the secongd time he has lost it
- Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
c) Dùng Present perfect để nói bạn cha làm việc hợac khơng làm việc khoảng thời gian cịn tiếp diễn tại:
- I have never smoked
- I haven’t smoked for three years ( kh«ng nãi I don’t smoke for ) - I haven’t smoked since September (kh«ng nãi I don’t smoke since )
- Kel hasn’t written to me for nearly a month - Jasika has never driven a car