dudi xa, khl dii uy tin thi lai trd Ihanh xa Cd khi cac thdn trong xaco dan cu, rudng dat, dinh chua, tap tyc, bd may tyquan rieng nhUngco khl cac thdn trong xa van ddng canh, ddng cU,[r]
(1)To chOc khong gian cong c^nj KHU GIAP RANH (piCfA LANG & DO TH!
P h a t t r i e n k h o n g g i a n k i e n t r i i c c h o l a n g t r o n g l o n g t h i la b a i t o a n k h o , d a c b i e t la t a i c a c k h u vUc g i a p r a n h giCfa l a n g v a d o t h i m d i V a y n e n t o chi^c k h o n g g i a n g i a p r a n h nhu' t h e n a o d e c o su lien k e t s i n h d o n g v a m o t k h o n g g i a n hufu i c h c h o c a l a n g v a d o t h j m d i ? D o la v a n d e c a n d i i d c n g h i e n ci^u t r o n g p h a t t r i e n t h j
ORGANIZING THE PUBLIC SPACE FOR BOUNDARY AREAS BETWEEN THE VILLAGE AND NEW URBAN RESIDENCE
Summary Village landscape is a close concept in the mind of the Vietnamese With the ongoing rapid urbanization the landscape of village has gradually to change to suit to the new living conditions of spatial structure, prolession culture or living style To develop Ihe architecture space lor village inside the urtyan area is a difficult problem, especially for the txiundary areas between the village and the new urban residence This paper is concerned with how to organize those ones to connect lively
ThS KTS.LE MINH NGUYET
Vdi nguon gdc san xuat liia nudc, canh quan lang xa Viel Nam da trd hinh anh than ihien cua ddng bang Bac Bd ndi rieng va Viet Nam ndi chung Lang la mdt ddn vi hat nhan kinh te, vdi nhifng net sinh hoat van hda truyen thdng va nhieu mdi quan he huyet thdng.,, NhUng dieu l^ien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nUdc, ti le san xuat ndng nghiep giam dan, cac dd thi "phinh" to qua nhanh so vdi tdc dd dd thi hda Dac biet cac lang xa trUdc nam can dd, da bi 'nudt" vao Idng thi Cau true lang cung phai dan dan chuyen dich de phu hdp vdi dieu kien sdng mdi ca ve cau triic khdng gian, nghe nghiep, van hda va loi sdng Nhung lam de tao dupe mdt khdng gian huu ich va hai hda d khu vuC giap ranh giiia lang va dd thi la van de can nghien cuu, chd khdng de lap lai canh xay mdt tudng rac giiJa chiing nhu khu Cipuira,
Cau triic chiic nang cua lang truyen thong ven
Bat dau tu thdi Ly, lang xa phat tnen, dan lang cang tang, ho ti/ng nhdm each xa nhau, mdt lang goc cd the tach cac thdn, mdi lang cd den hai, ba thdn, Thdn la ddn vi hanh chinh nhd
dudi xa, khl dii uy tin thi lai trd Ihanh xa Cd cac thdn xaco dan cu, rudng dat, dinh chua, tap tyc, bd may tyquan rieng nhUngco khl cac thdn xa van ddng canh, ddng cU, ciing dinh chiia, cung tap quan
Trudng hpp mpt xa cd mdt thdn thi xa, lang, thdn chi la mdt, TrUdng hop mdt xa cd nhieu thdn cdn phy thudc vao ve nhieu mat, thi xa cung ehi la mdt lang Idn va cae thdn thyc te cung giong nhUxom Idn NhClng trUdng hpp mdt xa cd nhieu thdn, cac thdn tach biet nliau thi thdn chinh la lang va xa la tap hop cua nhieu lang SU phan biet lang| xa, thdn chl mang tinh chat tUOng ddi vi thUe te Irong qua trinh phaf then cd cae lang gdc Viet tach qua hai ba the he nhieu thon xdm de rdi lap cac lang xa mdi nhu iang Nhan Chinh, Hca Myc, Tu Liem la the he thd ba cua lang Mpc Cung qua trinh bien doi ^ nhap nhieu lang thon dpc lap ghep l^i vdi xa mdi Nhy vay xa - iang - thdn - xdm ed sU chuyen hoa lln qua trinh phat trien va thay doi che dp xa hdi hay quan ly hanh chtnh Qua
(2)trinh bien doi xa hdi phdc tgp nhung lang vin la mdt thyt the dan cU, mdt ddn vi phiTc hdp nhieu chdc nang it bien dpi nhIt, xa - thdn la ddn vj hanh chinh xa hdi cd sy thay ddi b ndng thdn Lang chinh la cot Idi tinh thin va v§t chit ctia xa
Xlt ve van hoi, lang la mdt ddn vi xa hdi cua van hoa tnjyin thdng Lang cd le iang ndng, cdng ddng tdn giao tin ngddng thd hoang lang ndng Lang la mdt ddn vj dan cU hdp qua trtnh khai thac dit dai trdng trpt va sinh sdng theo truyln thdng vSn minh lua nude Dan iang cd linh thin dum bpc giup dd nhau, td chdc chat che tir v i ^ dinh dam den bao vd lang, chdng Hiien tai dich hog Dan lang cd quan hd ho tdc, huylt thdng ^ y e n ddi sang ddi khac, sdng vdi theo phUPng cham "tdi iCia tit ddn cd nhau" DSy la nguyin ly cung chd, cung edi ngudn ve mat to chLfe xa hdi
Khdng gian kien tmc lang dieu kidn hinh tu cU, ciing sinh sdng vdi tinh than cdng ddng quan ty cac xdm, ngd, phe, giap Trong Idng cd cac cdng trinh cdng cdng tmyln thdng cua iang nhy dinh iang, chua l ^ g , cay da gieng nude cila lang Cd the di Mi cdng l ^ g doc theo dudng iang toa cac ngo xon de den tdng nha Nhadtrong lang nam cac khudn vien ed xac dinh, ddi chi udc le qua hang rao cay, bd ao, khdm tre, rSng cay, loi di Quanh nha cd vdcin cay, ao ca, nha no n& tiep nha tao tuhg cdng ddng nhd hang ngd, hang xdm, hang thdn Lang nao cung duoc bao bpc bdi luy tre xanh, co cong iang cac phia ndi vdi dUdng chfnh lang
va d l lidn h$ vdi bin ngoai la rudng, bd sdng, cac dudng Idn d l sang cac iang xa khac Ddy la mdi trudng ty nhidn vd mdi trudng nhan tgo cfiavanhoaiang
Nhy vay Irli qua bao thi ki', iang ludn ludn tdn tgi va la mdt hinh thai cdng cU phd biln ndng thdn Viet Nam Diiu cd thi thIy qua sd d6 kiln true cua iang gdm cd: cac cdng trinh cdng ct^g taiyin thdng nhd dinh, chua, mieu, cSc cdng trinh phyc vy sinh hogt ddi sdng nhu chp ling, gilng nydc, ao iang, bin sdng, nha quIn ty theo kilu "hang xdm iang gilng", ben ngoai la noi shn xuat: rudng, ddng,
N h u h g thilc n ^ n g c d n g c d n g c d n ^ i ^ v d c a c v ^ c u a k h d n g g i a n giap ranh gKta IJing va t h j Van d l dat xay dyng dd thi mdi canh lang cu la tim dUdc mdt quy dat phu hdp d l "cly" cac chyc nang cong cong mdi, bd sung nhufng chyc nang cdn thilu, nhim nang cao ddi sdng cua ngudi dan dia phUdng, cung nhu ddi sdng cua ngUdi dan thudc khu dd thi mdi nam lan can iang Vung dd tam goi la "Vung giap ranh" Viing giap ranh ddng vai trd nil kit hinh Inh giiJfa cu - mdi, truyln thdng - hien dai, tgo dUpc khdng gian mdi, hoat ddng mdi va sU cdng sinh mdi giiJa lang cu vdi khu dd thi mdi dang hoan toan xa la Vung giap ranh la mdt gach nd'i giOa cai cti va mdl nhim bao ton tdn tao nhu^g ylu to truyln thdng, nang cap chat lUpng ddi sdng nhan dan dia phUdng va dac biet la yeu td ban dia bd sung cho hinh anh mdt dd thj
mdl khdng cd dau a'n van hda dia phUdng hi$n
Chung ta xem xdt hidn trang sinh hoat cua Idng dj vd nh$n biit ckc chdc ndng mdi cdn thiiu nhd sau:
Cdng trinh nhd b: Pha trdn nhilu logi phong each kiln true khac nhau, xay dyng dan xen cdng trinh mdi - cu lam mit di gia tn cua cac cdng trinh cd gia tri kiln tmc va lich sii Vin d l cin giai quylt la phSi cai tgo hinh thdc, ciing nhu tim md hinh nha phi/ hpp khf hSu, dac trung van hda dia phUOng va dilu ki&n kinh t l
Cdng trinh dich vy thUdng mai: Chd va cac djch vy nhd lang dang gap phli nhiTng vin de bye xiic v l quy dit, vj tri, chit lupng dich vy, Chd iang dang din bi thu hep, song song vdi nd la chd cdc xult hien vdi nhiilng van d l nhu khdng ed chd ngdi, gay cin trd giao VndnQ, mat my quan dd thj, ngudn rac thai Idn Van de can giai quylt la can tim khdng gian cho cac djch vu nhd, thilt ylu hang d l phat huy nhuhg Uu dilm: gia rl, tiep can tn;c tiep timg khu vuc dan cU, linh hoat theo nhu cau,
Cdng tnnh giao dye: So lUPng va chit lypng trUdng hpc cac cap va nha tre mlu giap deu khdng dap yng du nhu ciu tang dSn sd hidn cua dd thi, dac bi§t khu vUc lang ndi dd Igi cang bat cap,
V l quy 6ali danh cho nha so vdi sd lupng dan hien trang cua iang la dap Ung tUPng doi dD nhung didn tich san nha tren dau ngudi la
(3)LANG
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1 TRUNOTAMDICHVUHIEN K H O N O OlAN X A N H THONO
T U N O C O N O T R I N H C O N O T R I N H N H A O H I E N D A I HE T H O N O C A V X A N H , TRLfC K H O N O G I A N L I E N H E vCri K H O N O O I A N V U N O 01 A P R A N H
So 66: M6\ li^n h$ giGa L^ng - Kh6ng gian gi.lp ranh - D6 \h\ mdi dang qua IhSp nhilu nguyin nhSn nhu:
kinh t l thip, thdi quen sinh hogt Di^n tich cay xanh phyc vy sinh hogt cdng ddng hlu nhy khdng cd, Vi v$y, ylu t6 cdn thilu cua iang la phai danh quy dit cho: san chdi thilu nhi, san the thao, cdng vien nghl dUdng,
Mai dyng khdng gian ven iang: Cd nhilu degn khdng gian bj "ddt gay", da phong each kiln tmc, nhilu nha tgm nha chudt Mat dung khdng gian ven iang ndi dd la ndi t h i hi§n rd nhIt m$t trai dd thj hda qua nhanh va sy thilu quIn ly cua cac cd quan chifc nang Xet v l mgng lydi giao thdng, trli qua lich sCf
hinh va phat tnln lau ddi, lang cd mgng ludi giao thdng phyc tgp, kit hpp clc dgng mgng dUdng: mgng d ban cd, mgng xUPng cd vdi cae dang m$t clt dUdng khac tif 1m den 3m luy thudc vao dilu kien ty nhien, vj tri dia ly vd nghl nghiep ciJa tirng lang cy the ma quyet djnh din hinh thii giao thdng, c6 mdt sd dogn dudng chfnh dUpc md rdng de phyc vy myc dfch hogt ddng cdng cdng cua lang Vi dy lang Xuan Tao 86, quan Tay Hd, Ha Ndi doan tmdc cdng din Lang, tnjdc cong chiia dudng iang bien sdn chung cd kit hpp vdi vUdn cly b tnfdc m$t chiia Ve hg ting doan dUdng Lgc Long Quan, dUdng true ven lang hay tnjc chinh ling, ngd xdm da dypc nang d p day du, hg tang di$n nUdc day du nhung chua dong bd lam mIt my quan chung ci!ia iang Mat dd giao thdng kha Idn nhung mat cat dudng cin phai md rdng tren mdt sd dogn dUdng nhim phyc vy nhu ciu di iai vdi nhilu logi phypng tiln mdi, Cac cdng trinh tdn giao tin ngUdng: Cdng trinh da dUpc dau tU tu bd cd gia trj cao ve Ijch sir, gia trj kiln tmc va ddng vai trd quan trpng ddi sdng van hda tinh thin cua dan dja phUdng va nhiing vung lan c ^ NhiJIng yeu to cdn thilu la phan khdng gian xanh quanh chiia, din Dac biet la khu dat vdn la vudn chDa trudc da bj ngUdi dan lan chilm, Trpng trung tam ciia iang, nhCfng cdng trinh nhp nhy mieu thd, goc da CP thy„ dang chua dupc quan tam, blove
Td tong kit trdn, cd t h i dUa chdc nang djch vy cdng cdng chfnh cin bd sung cho cac iang dd thj phu hpp vdi dilu kl^n sdng mdi nhy
sau-1 Tnjng tkm dich vu cdng c^g phuc vy chung cho Ikng, mang d$e thu Ikng xa vk dd thi md
2 Nhd trd miu giao chit lU0ng cao 3 San chd dio thiiu nhi sdn t$p thi thao, cdng vidn cdy xanh nghl dddng 4 Quing tn/dng hoke khdng gian mddiocdc hoat dgng cdng caig
5 Cinh quan ti/ nhidn (hd thdng m$t nddc, ddi nui, bai bdi phi/ thudc vko diiu kidn cy thi cua tdng Idng xa) cd lidn hd vdi Idng vk dd til! md
cac iang nim lien k l vdi cac khu dd thj mdi dang phii ddi m§t vdi cae vin d l nhU: quy hogch dd thj mdi c6 tmng tam thypng mgi hiln dgi, nha vSn hda phyc vy theo kilu mdi, ndn khdng phii hyp cho nhu ciu, l6i s6ng hang cua ngudi din dja phUdng, NhCfng tmng tam Igi khdng dypc diu tU xSy dyng ngay, ngn dan cu dd thj mdi phSi dung chp, trudng, b$nh xa, nha vin hda lang„ gay qua tai cho lang
Quy hogch dd thi mdi ctJng khdng cung cap dupc nhiJng ylu td thilu rit bdc xuc cilia nhan dan dja phUdng nhu: cdng viln, mgt nudc, trudng hpc, nhatrfe mlu giao, sin chPi phyc vy nhu cau hang ngly Chlnh vl v^y
khdng gian gllp ranh la gill phap d l b6 sung cho nhufng nhupc dilm khdng gian cdng cdng ciia dd thj mdi, cung nhu bd sung cho nhCfng gl cdn hgn chl, hay thilu ving chiib nang cdng cdng cCia cac iang dd th; hi$n
J6 chCfc c A c c h i f c n&ng h o a t d^ng
cCia k h d n g g i a n gUip r a n h Chpn dja dilm v l c l c n$i dung hogt d^ng cLia khdng gian gllp ranh Vdi tinh chit phyc vy cho c^ng ddng, nIn dc cdng trinh cdng cdng khdng gian giap ranh dupc bd trf tap Irung mdt khu vyc d l hinh khu trung tam m(6 giQa Idng v l dd thj Vi|c lya chpn khu dit cin dypc nghl6n cifu dim bio cac nguyan tic cd bin sau: • Khu dit xly dyng can dim blto dap Ong y l u c i u hogt ddng cCia bin than cdng trinh cac khu dit ndn gin vdi mat nude, cdng vi§n ho$c khdng gian md v l bin tilp c^n cho cA iang va dd thj mdi
• c a c cdng trinh cd chifc nang djch vy thUCfng mgi hoac van hda tinh thin thudng gan gDi vdi mpi tang Idp xa hdi, cin dUdc bd tf thu(in li|n cho quIn chung din SLI dyng Day cung la mdt ndi t h i hi^n d$c tning ddi song sinh hogt v l ddi sdng tinh thin cCia ngudi dan trpng dia phypng
• cap cdng trinh gilo dye (nha tre, mh giao ) thudng chpn nhiing npi cd dieu kian tholng dang, an toan, ydn ffnh, phii hpp vft ydu ciu hpc t|p va vui chdi giai trf cua lOa Iu6i
• Cac san t h i dye the thao cin dUpc b l trf nhOing ndi dit dai bing p h ^ g , dilu ki$n thoat nudc tdt Cin chpn dja thi dat cho cac san bai t h i dye the thao d|t theo hUdng Bic Nam d l khdng bj chdi ning qui j
trinh luyin t|p va thi diu i • Diem bo W c ^ cdng trinh cdng cong dn
dim bio khdng gay Snh hUdng bS IgBdS vdi khu vyc xung quanh |
J6 chub khdng gian giap ranh glQa lang
v^ddthjmdi
oac dilm khdng gian giap ranh tnfdc phii dap irng ddpc nhiiing chile ning cd nhy da neu, ding fidi mang Igi hinh Inh thi&n cho lang va dd thj mdi
(4)Chifc nang khdng gian trung tam thUdng mgi djch vy phli dim bio cung cip cac sin phim thilt ylu hang nhu lUPng thyc, thyt pham Quy md nhd de d l tham nhap, xen cly vao khu dSn cu, ySu cau dau tu djch vy thip phti hpp vdi budn ban nh6 Id, gia hyp ly vdi dai da s6 ngudi dan Khdng gian trung tam thypng mgi djch vy ndn de tilp cin cho hoat ddng mua-bln phu hg^ vdi thdi quen sinh hogt cua ngudi dan Dac biet nd cdn la nPi lam tang giao tilp, xay dyng mdi quan he Itnh iang nghTa xdm"
Chdc nang khdng gian giao dye nha tri, mlu giao chit lupng cao la nhu d u tit ylu ciia qua trinh phat tnln Nha tri mlu giao cin phli ed mdt mdi tnJdng phat triln tdt cho trd c l v l thi lyc lln tinh thin v l cd ban kinh phyc vy tot (dudi 500m va dUdi 15 phiil di bd) Khdng gian giap ranh giCfa iang va dd thj mdi la mdl trudng It tudng d l d$t chdc nang nha tri mlu giao vi nhiing uu dilm nhU: quy dit trdng cdn nhilu, kit hpp dupc vdi cay xanh cdng vi6n, ddng bd hda dUpc hg tang ky thugt hi§n dgi vdi dd thi mdi v l tgo lap nen bd mat cho ddi sdng dan cU Khdng gian sSn chpi, cdng vien cay xanh la mdt ydu cau rit d p thilt va hlu nhu d c ling dang qua trinh dd thi h d diu vIp phli Hau hit khdng gian san chdi, cdng vien cay xanh deu bj biln tlu, chuyen myc dich sCf dyng va dan dan biln ty nhan hda Vi vay, khdng gism giap ranh nhu la mdl gili phap toi Uu nhIt d l lay lai nhtJing khdng gian xanh da mIt qua trinh dd thi hda qua nhanh cua cae cum dan cU hidn Cdng vien cay xanh dUpc xay dyng Idn, khdng chf giai quyet dUpc nhuhg nhu d u sinh boat the chit hang ciia ngUdi dan ma cdn la nang tam dupc chat luong cac khu b da qua xudng d p hien nay, bien nhuiig khu "6 chudf" nhiing manh dat vang trang Idng dd thi
Dae bidt khl tdc dd thi h d cang nhanh, Idi song hien dai tham nhap din tyng gia dinh thi gia fri v l ban sic van h d cua timg iang xa ndi rieng va van hda ndi chung Igi cang frd nen quan trpng hdn bao gid hit Cai quy ciia mdt ngdi lang hay mdt dia dilm khdng chi la thyc the mdt ngdi chua, mdt mai dinh hay mpt cay da bin nude ma la cai "hdn" cDa
nhuhg khdng gian dd Chinh phan khdng gian md, quing tnrdng hay canh quan tu nhien cua dia phUdng dUpc giii'a lai va phat tnln d vung giap ranh se dim nhifem vai trd Nd se ddng vai trd nhU khdng gian sinh hpgt cdng dong, giao lUu, trd chuyen hang va la nOi to chifc cae hogt ddng Id hdi, ddn nJdc vao cac dip l l hdi cua iang Nam chdc nang cP bin khdng ddng ddc lap ma td hc^ vdi mdt each linh hoat d l mang Igi hieu qua cao nhat Vf du nhU: chut nang thUdng mai dich vu ed thi kit hdp vdi khdng gian md, quing tnJdng, dng vien cay xanh d l bo sung chirc nang cho Khdng gian thuong mgi tgo sUc song va tang an toan cho cdng vien d y xanh Khdng gian md, quing tafdng lai lam tang gia tri hinh Inh chp chifc nang thUdng mgi va cd the kit hdp t l chyc cac hoat ddng xa h^ hidu qui Dac biet he thdng cinh quan ty nhidn (mat nude, doi niii, bai bdi.) mang d^c trung cua tdng iang xa d n dUde tdn trpng vd van dyng qua tnnh nghien cifu cung nhu thiet k l khdng gian giap ranh Cinh quan sinh hogt ciia mdt sd lang vin mang mau sic tnjyen thdng, dieu kien xa hdi phat trien kinh te mgnh, mdi lang vin tri dUpe cac l l hdi, trd trdi dan gian, cae nghl truyln thd'ng, Vi vay d n ke thda d c gia tri, cii tao, lam mdi cac khdng gian vat chat phu hc^ vdi canh quan sinh hogt tgi ndi day
cac gia trj Ijch sir, van hoa co truyln qua trinh hinh va phat triln iang ed the lUu giO dUdi dgng kf hifeu, bieu tUdng d l giQ Igi nhtlng hoai nidm v l qua khif, nd lam ndn tinh nhan van, tinh bin sic khdng gian d n h quan lang Van hoa tam Iinh la mdt m^t khdng the thilu viec tri hinh anh cCia iang dilu kien hiSn dgi Vi vay, k l thUa dupc gia trj vgt thi va phi vat thi d c cdng trinh cdng cdng truyln thdng ciia iang la mdt nhan td rit quan m l chi cd b khdng gian giap ranh mdi lam dUpc vai trd ay Tai tgo Igi d c chdc nang cdng cdng tgi khdng gian gidp ranh theo \6 chile khdng gian tmyln thong tgo nen dUPc tfnh tilp nci giiJa cai cii - mi&, ma vin bd sung dUdc day du chdc nang cdn thilu ciia ca iang va dd thi miS