www.CareerCert.info www.CareerCert.info CCNA ® Routing and Switching Review Guide Todd Lammle www.CareerCert.info Senior Acquisitions Editor: Jeff Kellum Development Editor: Amy Breguet Technical Editor: Isaac Valdez Production Editor: Eric Charbonneau Copy Editor: Judy Flynn Editorial Manager: Pete Gaughan Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Associate Publisher: Chris Webb Media Project Manager 1: Laura Moss-Hollister Media Associate Producer: Marilyn Hummel Media Quality Assurance: Josh Frank Book Designer: Judy Fung Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Kim Wimpsett Indexer: Ted Laux Project Coordinator, Cover: Katherine Crocker Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-118-78981-0 ISBN: 978-1-118-78962-9 (ebk.) ISBN: 978-1-118-87686-2 (ebk.) No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600 Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002 Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954090 TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission CCNA is a registered trademark of Cisco Technology, Inc All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners John Wiley & Sons, Inc is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book 10 www.CareerCert.info Dear Reader, Thank you for choosing CCNA Routing and Switching Review Guide This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching Sybex was founded in 1976 More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing consistently exceptional books With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry From the paper we print on to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available I hope you see all that reflected in these pages I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at contactus@sybex.com If you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex Best regards, Chris Webb Associate Publisher Sybex, an Imprint of Wiley www.CareerCert.info Acknowledgments First, a loud callout to Jim Frye, who was instrumental in putting this book together He spent countless hours combining and summarizing my work from the CCENT and CCNA ICND2 study guides into what is a really nice review guide for the CCNA Routing and Switching certification Thank you, Jim! Thanks to Jeff Kellum, who always keeps me working hard and makes sure I am headed in the right direction This is no easy task for Jeff! And thanks to my production editor, Eric Charbonneau, for keeping the book on track, and Amy Breguet, for keeping all the edits in order and on time And I can’t forget Judy Flynn, the backbone of all my books, who reads every word over and over until the chapters are nearly flawless! Last, thanks to Isaac Valdez, my tech editor for this edition of the review guide Thank you all! www.CareerCert.info About the Author Todd Lammle   is the authority on Cisco certification and internetworking and is Cisco certified in most Cisco certification categories He is a world-renowned author, speaker, trainer, and consultant Todd has three decades of experience working with LANs, WANs, and large enterprise licensed and unlicensed wireless networks, and lately he’s been implementing large Cisco data centers worldwide His years of real-world experience is evident in his writing; he is not just an author but an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience working on the largest networks in the world at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others Todd has published over 60 books, including the very popular CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, CCNA Wireless Study Guide, and CCNA Data Center Study Guides, all from Sybex He runs an international consulting and training company based in Colorado, Texas, and San Francisco You can reach Todd through his forum and blog at www.lammle.com About the Contributor Jim Frye   has over 20 years of experience in the computing field and holds numerous IT industry certifications in computing and networking Jim is employed with GlobalNet Training and Consulting, Inc., a network integration and training firm based in Colorado, Texas, and San Francisco His technical expertise is a great value and asset to GlobalNet www.CareerCert.info Contents at a Glance Introduction xvii Chapter Operation of IP Data Networks Chapter LAN Switching Technologies Chapter IP Addressing (IPv4 / IPv6) 135 Chapter IP Routing Technologies 163 Chapter IP Services 265 Chapter Network Device Security 307 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 341 55 Chapter WAN Technologies 439 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 473 Appendix B About the Additional Study Tools 483 Index 487 www.CareerCert.info Contents Introduction xvii Chapter Chapter Operation of IP Data Networks Operation of IP Data Networks Exam Essentials Recognize the Purpose and Functions of Various Network Devices Such as Routers, Switches, Bridges, and Hubs Exam Essentials Select the Components Required to Meet a Given Network Specification Exam Essentials Identify Common Applications and Their Impact on the Network Exam Essentials Describe the Purpose and Basic Operation of the Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models The Layered Approach Advantages of Reference Models The OSI Reference Model Exam Essentials Predict the Data Flow between Two Hosts across a Network The IP Routing Process Exam Essentials Identify the Appropriate Media, Cables, Ports, and Connectors to Connect Cisco Network Devices to Other Network Devices and Hosts in a LAN Ethernet Cabling Fiber Optic Exam Essentials Review Questions LAN Switching Technologies 9 18 18 18 19 19 32 33 35 41 42 43 49 50 51 55 Determine the Technology and Media Access Control 57 Method for Ethernet Networks CSMA/CD 57 Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet 59 61 Exam Essentials Identify Basic Switching Concepts and the Operation of Cisco Switches 61 Collision Domains 61 Broadcast Domains 63 www.CareerCert.info viii Contents Types of Switching 64 CAM Table 64 Exam Essentials 67 Configure and Verify Initial Switch Configuration Including Remote Access Management 68 Cisco IOS Commands to Perform Basic Switch Setup 68 Entering the CLI 69 Overview of IOS Modes 69 CLI Prompts 70 Editing and Help Features 72 Administrative Configurations 77 Exam Essentials 87 Verify Network Status and Switch Operation Using Basic Utilities Such as Ping, Telnet, and SSH 89 ping Command 89 traceroute Command 90 Debugging 91 show processes Command 93 Exam Essentials 94 Identify Enhanced Switching Technologies 94 RSTP 94 PVSTP 97 Etherchannels 98 Exam Essentials 100 Describe How VLANs Create Logically Separate Networks and the Need for Routing between Them 100 Broadcast Control 102 Explain Network Segmentation and Basic Traffic Management Concepts 103 Frame Tagging 104 VLAN Identification Methods 106 Exam Essentials 107 Configure and Verify VLANs 107 Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 110 Exam Essentials 112 Configure and Verify Trunking on Cisco Switches 112 Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk 114 Changing or Modifying the Trunk Native VLAN 115 DTP 116 Auto Negotiation 116 Exam Essentials 118 www.CareerCert.info ... Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 97 8-1 -1 1 8-7 898 1-0 ISBN: 97 8-1 -1 1 8-7 896 2-9 (ebk.) ISBN: 97 8-1 -1 1 8-8 768 6-2 (ebk.) No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored... spent countless hours combining and summarizing my work from the CCENT and CCNA ICND2 study guides into what is a really nice review guide for the CCNA Routing and Switching certification Thank... Reader, Thank you for choosing CCNA Routing and Switching Review Guide This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical