CONDITIONAL SENTENCES A Type I: Nói việc thờng xảy xảy tơng lai điều kiện mệnh đề thực If + S + present simple + will/can/may/must + Tình huống: Nếu kế hoạch tối nay, mời xem phim, nói: If I have time, I will go X Y (Tôi trừ thời gian) (Nếu X đúng, Y đúng) If my headache disappears, we can play tennis (Tôi chơi tennis trừ bị đau đầu) Câu điều kiện nhóm I đợc dùng để chỉ: + Hành động xảy tơng lai: If I have the money, I will buy a new car We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten oclock now + Thói quen: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon (Không dùng trợ động từ) John usually walks to school if he has enough time + Mệnh lệnh: If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear from Jane B Type II: Nói tình hẳn xảy hoàn cảnh diễn khác Câu điều kiện nhóm II thờng dùng để việc tơng lai If + S + past simple + would/could/might + Tình huống: Nếu thời gian xem phim, nhng thực muốn đi, nói: If I had the time, I would go (Tôi biết thời gian xem phim đợc) Câu nói không với thực tế If today were Saturday, we could go to the beach (Today is not Saturday, so we cant go to the beach.) If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend (Thực tế: thời gian, không với bạn đợc) If he didnt speak so quickly, you could understand him (He speaks very quickly) (You cant understand him) Ghi nhớ: - Thông thờng sau if trợ động từ, mà trợ động từ nằm mệnh đề câu - Mệnh đề có if đứng đầu cuối câu mà không làm nghĩa câu thay đổi Cần nhớ mệnh đề if đứng đầu câu sau mệnh đề phải có dấu phẩy: If we didnt have to study, we could go out tonight = We could go out tonight if we didnt have to study - Thì khứ to be were câu điều kiện C Type III: Nói tình thật nhng xảy khứ If + S+ past perfect + would/could/might + have+ PII Eg: If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter (We didnt know that you were there) (We didnt write you a letter.) She would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer (She didnt sell the house) (She didnt find the right buyer.) D MIXED TYPE: (câu điều kiện hỗn hợp) Khi hai mệnh đề câu điều kiện diễn tả hai giả thiết trái với thực tế hai điểm thời gian khác hai mệnh đề đợc chia theo hai loại câu điều kiện khác Because I stayed up so late last night, I am tired now If I hadnt stayed up so late last night, I wouldnt be tired now E INVERSTION IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - Type I : Should + S + (not) V If you morning exercises, your health will be better Should you morning Ill tell you if I find it => Ill tell you should I find it Type II: Were / Did + S If I found a wallet in the street, I would take it to the police => Did I find a wallet in the street, I would If I were you, I would tell him about that => Were I you, I would tell - Type III: Had + S + P2 If I had known your telephone number, I would have phoned you Had I known your telephone number, I would have phoned you - AS IF/ AS THOUGH Những liên từ điều thực nên giống câu điều kiện thực Động từ theo sau liên từ phải chia khứ thờng khứ hoàn thành, qk Be were S + V (present) + as if/as though + S + V(past simple) Eg: The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It isnt winter) S + V (past) + as if/as though + S + V(past perfect) Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize (she didnt win the grand prize) Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost (He didnt see a ghost.) HOPE/WISH Hai động từ có nghĩa giống nhng khác mặt ngữ pháp Động từ HOPE dùng để điều có khả xảy xảy Còn WISH dùng để điều chắn không xảy chắn không xảy Sau HOPE động từ nào, sau WISH động từ không đợc chia trợ động từ Eg: We hope that they will come (We dont know if they are coming) We wish that they could come (They are not coming) We hope that they came yesterday (We dont know if they came.) We wish that they had come yesterday (They didnt come.) Cần lu ý WISH giống với câu điều kiện thực Present unreal condition: If I were rich, I would be very happy Present wish: I wish I were rich Past unreal condition: If you had been here last night, we would have enjoyed it Past wish: We wish that you had been here last night Future WISH S + wish + (that) S + could/would + V Were + V-ing We wish that you could come to the party tonight (You cant come.) I wish that you would stop saying that (You probably wont stop) She wishes that she were coming with us (She is not coming with us.) Present WISH S + wish + (that) S + Simple past tense I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework (I dont have enough time.) We wish that he were old enough to come with us (He is not old enough.) They wish that they didnt have to go to class today (They have to go to class.) Past WISH S + wish + (that) S + Past perfect Could have + Vpp I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday ( I didnt wash the clothes.) She wishes that she could have been there (She couldnt be there.) We wish that we had had more time last night (We didnt have more time.) CONJUNCTIONS IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - unless = if Not Unless it rains, well go on a picnic = If it doesnt rain, well go on a picnic = Should it not rain, well go on a picnic - Or, otherwise = if Not Eg: Hurry up or youll be late for school = Should you not hurry up, youll be late for school = If you dont hurry up, youll be late for school - In case: You should take an umbrella in case it rains - supposed / supposing (that): giả sử Supposed / Supposing (that) you had been that girl, what would you have done in that situation? - Provided / Providing (that) / So long as / On condition that : miễn Provided that you fill the car up with petrol, Ill lend it to you - But for (+ N/ V-ing) (=without): thờng dùng với câu điều kiện loại II III But for your help, we wouldnt have finished our math homework = Had you not helped us, we wouldnt have finished our math homework = If it hadnt been for your help, we It + be + for N: vì, nhờ - If only: gía nh If only you had told me about that before, I wouldnt have let you that - Even if: Even if he drinks coffee to keep him awake, he still feels sleepy EXERCISES I Verb forms If I finish my research before Friday, I (send) it to my teacher What you (do) if you (be) in my situation? If I (understand) my problem, I wouldnt have asked for your help If the medicine (be) good, she (be) well soon If you (not go) right now, youll be late for the train If we (pollute) _ the water, we wont have fresh water to use If we (not save) energy, there (be) a great shortage in the next century If you drove more carefully, you (not have) so many accidents If he (get) up earlier, hed get to work on time 10 If we (have) more time, we could tell you more about it 11 If you (sell) more products, youd earn more money 12 The children would be better swimmers if they (go) swimming more often 13 Mary doesnt study hard She (not pass) the examination unless she worked harder 14 We could go for a drive if today (be) Saturday 15 What would you (do) if you (be) in my situation? II Verb forms If Mary (wear) a raincoat, she wouldnt have got a cold If you (be) at the party last night, you would have had a good time If it had not been very expensive, I (buy) it If it (not rain) yesterday, we (have) lunch in the garden There (not have) an accident if the driver in front hadnt stopped so suddenly She could have bought the car if Peter (lend) her the money If I (have) a sound sleep last night, I (be) well Their friendship lasted three years If he (be) less mean, she (not leave) him Everybodys ready If we (leave) now, we (miss) the rush hour traffic 10 If you (smoke) less, you (have) much more money 11 When Alice (get) here, you (show) her to her room? 12 If you (press that button, a receptionist (come) to help you 13 The film was marvelous If you (come) with us, you (enjoy) it, too 14 If I (be) the prime minister, I (bring) back capital punishment 15 I wish you (stop) making that noise Its bothering me 16 If I find your passport, I (phone) you at once 17 You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going 18 I (offer) to help him if I had realized he was ill III Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses for each of the following sentences Review the formulas if you have trouble Henry talks to his dog as if it (understand) him If they had left the house earlier, they (not be) so late getting to the airport that they could not check their baggage If I finish the dress before Saturday, I (give) it to my sister for her birthday If I had seen the movie, I (tell) you about it last night Had Bob not interfered in his sisters marital problems, there (be) peace between them He would give you the money if he (have) it They (not have) an accident if the driver in front hadnt stopped so suddenly I wish they (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate She would call you immediately if she (need) help 10 If it had not been so expensive, I (buy) it 11 Had they arrived at the sale early, they (find) a better selection 12 We hope that you (enjoy) the party last night 13 If you have enough time, please (paint) the chair before you leave 14 We could go for a drive if today (be) Saturday 15 If she wins the prize, it will be because she (write) very well 16 Mike wished that the editors (permit) him to copy come of their material 17 Joel wishes that he (spend) his vacation on the Gulf Coast next year 18 I (accept) if they invite me to the party 19 If your mother (buy) that car for you, will you be happy? 20 If he (decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight 21 Had we known your address, we (write) you a letter 22 If the roofer doesnt come soon, the rain (leak) inside 23 Because Rose did so poorly on the exam, she wishes that she (study) harder last night 24 My dog always wakes me up if he (hear) strange noises 25 If you (see) Mary today, please ask her to call me 26 If he (get) the raise, it will be because he does a good job 27 The teacher will not accept our work if we (turn) it in late 28 Mrs Wood always talks to her tenth-grade students as though they (be) adults 29 If he had left already, he (call) us 30 If they had known him, they (talk) to him 31 He would understand it if you (explain) it to him more slowly 32 I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly 33 If I ( have) a sound sleep last night, I (be) well 34 She could have bought the car if Peter (lend) her the money IV Cho dạng động từ câu gợi ý để điền vào chỗ trống Eg: I dont know how to dance I wish I knew how to dance Our classroom doesnt have any windows I wish our classroom _ windows The sun isnt shining I wish the sun _ right now My sister didnt go shopping I wish my sister shopping You didnt tell me about it I wish you _ me about it Its very cold today It wish it cold today I cant go with you I wish I with you tomorrow Jerry didnt come to the meeting I wish he _ to the meeting Cindy isnt coming to dinner with us tonight I wish she to dinner with us V Hoàn thành câu sau với if only, theo tình gợi ý Eg: I had an accident last night If only I hadnt had that accident last night Ann didnt finish high school John doesnt understand me _ I didnt go to class yesterday _ Mum isnt at home today I dont know how to dance VI Viết lại câu sau dùng từ ngoặc Eg: I am sorry I cant speak English perfectly (wish) I wish I could speak English perfectly I am sorry I cant this exercise (only) Im sorry Im not rich (only) Are you ever sorry that you arent rich? (wish) Its a pity the weather isnt better today (only) Its such a pity Im so bad at maths (better) Im sorry I cant answer that question (wish) She isnt a manager She wishes I cant play the guitar I wish He got caught in the predicament He wished 10 Im sorry that I didnt go to the party last Sunday I wish that 11 He is sorry that he hasnt done his homework He wishes VII Rewrite the sentences using Unless or If The child will die if nobody sends him for a doctor Unless You cant visit the United States unless you get a visa If you We wont go on holiday unless we have enough money If we Unless someone has a key, we cant get into the house We can only get Unless he phones immediately, he wont get any information If You will catch a cold if you dont keep your feet dry Unless Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September If If it doesnt rain soon, millions of pounds worth of crops will be lost Unless VIII Rewrite these sentences I would love to be rich and famous If only Ill only help you if you promise to try harder Unless _ The flat is very noisy but they enjoy living there Even I was drowning, but he helped me If he _ If it doesnt rain soon, millions of pounds worth of crops will be lost Unless _ We got lost because we didnt have a map If _ Today is an awful day, so we cant go to the beach If _ I was sick yesterday, so I didnt go to class If I David has so many accidents because hes so clumsy If David 10 The office may be closed, so Mark wont be able to get in If the office _ 11 You may want a chat, so just give me a ring If you _ 12 The airport was closed, so Sarah wasnt able to fly to Rome If the airport _ 13 I am having a lot of troubles now because I lost my passport last week If I 14 Unless someone has a key, we cant get into the house We can only get _ 15 We stayed up late last night and we were so tired If we had gone to bed early _ 16 He wasnt able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam If he _ 17 You didnt told me about it earlier so I wasnt able to help you If _ 18 He failed the exam because he lacked only one mark If he _ 19 I couldnt drive to London because I repaired my car too late If I _ 20 She is ill She doesnt remember your advice => If she _ IX Rewrite the sentences beginning with the words in brackets In the snowy weather we dont go to school (If) You press this button to stop the machine (If) Make me some coffee, and Ill give you one of my biscuits (If) If he fails the final examination, he wont be able to graduate (Unless) I dont like being so tall (If) You drank too much coffee, thats why you cant sleep (If) I didnt have an umbrella with me and so I got wet (If) Without Jacks help, I wouldnt have been able to move the table (If ) I regret not going to the university (I wish) 10 The policeman showed me the way, so I found the house (If) 11 We stayed up all night, and thats why were so tired this morning (If) 12 He wasnt able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam (If) 13 They didnt go to the beach because the weather was so bad (If) 14 One of the reasons I didnt phone you was that I was very busy (If) Key I She wishes she were a manager I wish I could play the guitar He wished he hadnt got caught in a predicament I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday He wishes he did his homework ... tired now If I hadnt stayed up so late last night, I wouldnt be tired now E INVERSTION IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - Type I : Should + S + (not) V If you morning exercises, your health will be better... there.) We wish that we had had more time last night (We didnt have more time.) CONJUNCTIONS IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - unless = if Not Unless it rains, well go on a picnic = If it doesnt rain, well... realized he was ill III Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses for each of the following sentences Review the formulas if you have trouble Henry talks to his dog as if it (understand) him