Tiếng anh chuyên ngành 1 unit 1 to unit 15 long question short question

control the means ofproduction to ensure the economic and social stability những người lao động nênlàm chủ và kiểm soát tư liệulao động 3.What does economics study?. Market economy is an

UNIT 1 : ECONOMICS

I.Short question

1.What does well-being mean?

Well-being is the satisfactions people gain from the productsand services they choose to consume

2.Economics is the study of the production and consumption ofgoods and transfer of wealth to produce and obtain those goods.3.They are macroeconomics and microeconomics

4.Microeconomics focuses on the actions of individuals andindustries

5.People who study economics are called economists

6.Macroeconomics analyzes the economic activity of an entirecountry and the international marketplace

7.Studing economics can help people understand humanthought and behavior.

II/Complete the sentences

Well-being includes the satisfaction of people gain fromthe products and services they choose to consume

Economics is the study of how people choose to useresources and to satisfy their needs and wants

Microeconomics focuses on the actions of individuals andindustries

III/Long question

1.What is economic theory of Adam Smith ?

It’s the Classical Shool It says that

because of their own interest,

people produce goods and wealth

that benefited all of society He

believed that government should

Đó là trường phái cổđiển Nó nói rằng bởi vìlợi ích của chính họ, conngười sản xuất hàng hóa

và của cải cái mà được

not restrict and interfere in markets

because they could regulate

themselves

lợi cho xã hội Ông ấy tinrằng chính phủ khôngnên hạn chế và can thiệpvào thị trường bởi chúng

có thể tự điều chỉnh

2.What is economics theory of Karl Marx?

It’s Marxism It states that

capitalism will eventually

fail because factory owners

and CEOs exploit labor to

generate wealth for

themselves He believed that

such owner’s exploitation

leads to social unrest and

class conflict Therefore ,

laborers should own and

Đó là chủ nghĩa Mac Nótuyên bố rằng Chủ nghĩa tưbán cuối cùng cũng sẽ thấtbại, bởi vì các ông chủ nhàmáy và các giám đốc điềuhành bóc lột người lao động

để tạo ra tài sản cho chính họ Ông đã tin rằng sự bóc lột này

sẽ dẫn đến bất ổn xã hội vàphân biệt chủng tộc Do đó,

control the means of

production to ensure the

economic and social stability

những người lao động nênlàm chủ và kiểm soát tư liệulao động

3.What does economics study?

Economics studies how

people choose to use

resources the most effectively

to produce goods and

services, to best satisfy

human demand

Resources can be divided into

natural resources, human

resources and capital are

limited , while human

demand are unlimited So it’s

necessary to study economics

Kinh tế học là việc nghiên cứu

về sản xuất và tiêu dùng củahàng hóa và sự vận động củatài sản để sản xuất và đạt đượcnhững hàng hóa khác

Kinh tế học là việc nghiên cứu

về cách con người lựa chọn

sử dụng nguồn lực

1 What is the definition of “economics”?

Economics is the study of how people choose to use resources

to best satisfy human demand

13 What are two branches/ types of economics?

Economics can be divided into microeconomics andmacroeconomics

14 What is the economic theory of Adam Smith?

It is the Classical School

15 What is the economic theory of Adam Smith about?

It says that because of their own interests, people producegoods and wealth that benefit all society

17 What is the economic theory of Karl Marx?

It is Marxism

18 What is the economic theory of Karl Marx about?

Marx believed that owners’ exploitation of labor leads to socialunrest and class conflict, so laborers should own and control

means of production , in order to ensure the social andeconomic stability

20 What is the economic theory of Keynes?

It is Keynesian School

21 What is the economic theory of Keynes about?

The theory of Keynes describes how governments usemacroeconomic policies to regulate the economy, ensuring thesocial and economic stability

12 What are 3 main (major) issues studied in economics?

They are production, distribution and consumption of goodsand services

2 What are 3 types of economic systems/ models?

3 types of economic systems/ models are: market economy,planned economy and mixed economy

9 What is mixed economy? / What is the definition of mixedeconomy?

- It is an economic system in which some goods and services are produced by the

government and firms

10 What is planned economy? What is the definition ofplanned economy?

- Planned economy is an economic system in which allproduction, distribution and consumption quotas are fixedbeforehand by the government

3 What is market economy? What is the definition of marketeconomy?

Market economy is an economic system in which

economic relations are regulated by the law of supply and

demand quan hệ kinh tế

-

UNIT 2

3 What is market economy? What is the definition of marketeconomy?

Market economy is an economic system in which economic relations are regulated by the law of supply and demand.

9 What is mixed economy? / What is the definition of mixedeconomy?

- It is an economic system in which some goods and servicesare produced by the government and some by private enterprise

UNIT 3: MICROECONOMICS

I/Short question

1.What is microeconomics concerned with?

Microeconomics is concerned with decisions made byconsumers, worker, investors, business firms and so on

2.What do consumer theory describe?

Consumers theory describe how consumers based on their

preferences & limited resources, maximize their well-being

3.What is the theory of firms describe?

The theory of the firms describes how the trade-offs can be best

Consumer trade-off the purchase of more of some goods withthe purchase of less of others.

5 Give some examples explaining the trade-off made byworker?

Woker trade-off working now for continued education

They trade-off labor for leisure

II/Complete the sectences

3.The theory/firm/ describe/ how/the/ trade-off/be/best/makeThe theory of the firm describes how the trade-offs can be bestmade

1 What are 3 important themes of microeconomics?

- 3 important themes of microeconomics are: the allocation ofscarce resources, the role of prices and the role of markets

4 What are limited resources of consumers?

The limited resources of consumers are their incomes

7 What are resources of workers?

Resources of workers are their time and talent, knowledge,working experience, etc

9 What are resources of firms?

Resources of firms are human resources, financial resources,production capacity, technology, management ability,reputation (trade mark), brands, and so on

12 Who makes decisions on the allocation of resources in the planned economy?

The Government fixes all production, distribution andconsumption quotas beforehand

15 What do consumers make trade-offs normally based on?

Consumers make trade-offs normally based on their incomesand their preferences

16 What is the major role of prices?

All of the trade-offs made by consumers, workers and firms arebased on the prices

17 How are prices set in the planned economy?

In the planned economy, prices are set by the government

18 How are prices set in the market economy?

In the market economy, prices are determined by theinteractions of consumers, workers and firms

UNIT 4 : MACROECONOMICSI/Short question

1.What is the goal of macroeconomics?

The goal of macroeconomics is to look at overall economictrends such as employment levels, economic growth, balance ofpayment , inflation and so on

2.What do macroeconomics factors include?

Macroeconomics factors include : inflation, economic growth,unemployment, international business and so on

3.What are 2 major macroeconomics policies? What are the objective of these policies?

Two major macroeconomics policies are monetary policy andfiscal policy The objectives are to promote economic growthand to keep inflation under control

4.What are the main tools of Monetary policy?

The main tools of Monetary policy are reserve requirement,discount rate and open market operation

5.What are the main tools of fiscal policy ?

The main tools of fiscal policy are government spending andtaxation

6.Why is it said that microeconomics and macroeconomics are interdependent and complement one another?

Macroeconomics and microeconomics are interdependent andcomplement one another because they are many overlappingissues between two fields

Microeconomics is the branch

of economics that is the study

of individuals and business

Kinh tế học có thể được chithành 2 nhánh là kinh học vi

mô và kinh tế học vĩ mô

Kinh tế học vi mô là nhánhcủa kinh tế học nghiên cứu về

cá nhân và các quyết địnhkinh tế

Macroeconomics is the

branch of economics that is

concerned with overall

economic trends such as

employment levels, economic

growth, balance of payments ,

inflation and so on

Kinh tế học vĩ mô là nhánhcủa kinh tế học liên quan đến

có xu hướng kinh tế như mức

độ việc làm, phát triển kinh tế,cán cân thanh toán, tỷ lệ lạmphát …

2.What are differences between microeconomics andmacroeconomics ?

- Microeconomics is the study

of individuals and business

vĩ mô xem xét các quyết địnhcủa quốc gia và chính phủ cấp

- Some issues in

microeconomics are price,

demand and supply Some

issues in macroeconomics are

inflation , economic growth ,

GDP …

- Microeconomics uses

bottom-up approach but

macroeconomics uses

top-down approach study

cao hơn

- Một số vấn đề trong kte học

vi mô là giá, cầu và cung Một

số vấn đề của kte học vĩ mô làlạm phát, tăng trưởng kinh tế,tổng sản phẩm quốc nội

- Kinh tế học vi mô sử dụngphương phát tiếp cận từ dướilên nhưng kinh tế học vi mô

The most important goal of monetary policy is to keep inflationunder control (to control inflation) and to stabilize prices.

2.Thị trường tài chính đóng vai trò như là trung gian tài chínhgiữa người đi vay là người cho vay , giúp người đi vay huy độngnguồn vốn nhàn rỗi cho sản xuất và đầu tư

The financial markets serve as the financial intermediariesbetween borrowers and lenders and help borrowers toraise/mobilize idle funds for production and investment

(tiền nhàn rỗi)

1 What are two major macroeconomic policies?

They are monetary policy and fiscal policy

2 Who supervises monetary policy?

The Central Bank of each country supervises monetary policy

3 What does monetary policy control?

It controls the money supply (lượng cung tiền) of a nation

4 Who supervises fiscal policy?

The Ministry of Finance supervises fiscal policy

5 What does fiscal policy control?

It controls the government’s revenue and spending

6 What are the main objectives of macroeconomic policies?

The main objectives of macroeconomic policies are: to promote

economic growth, to control inflation (MP) and to reduce unemployment rates.(FP)

7 What is the definition of macroeconomics?

- Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studiesoverall economic trends within one economy and interactionsamong different economies in the world

8 What do economic trends include?

Economic trends include employment levels, economicgrowth, balance of payments, inflation and so on

UNIT 5 : DEMAND AND SUPPLY

I/Short question

1.What is the demand?

Demand refers to all possible quantities of goods and services t

hat buyer can able and willing to buy at all possible prices

2.What are shift factor of demand?

Shift factors of demand are society’s income , prices of other goods , expectations tastes and

3.What is quantity demanded?

Quantity demanded is the specific amount of goods and

services that buyer are willing and able to buy at a certain price

4.What is the supply?

Supply refers to all possible quantities of goods and servicesthat seller can able and willing to sell at all possible prices.

5.What are shift factor of supply?

Shift factors of supply are changes in prices of inputs ,technology , taxes and supplier expectations

6.What is the quantity supplied ?

Quantity supplied is the specific amount of goods and servicesthat seller are willing and able to sell at a certain price

7.When is a market in equilibrium?

A market is in equilibrium when quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied at a certain price

cause shift demand curve or

supply curve

Some examples of shift

factors are tastes, expectation,

technology , taxes, prices of

inputs, so on

An increase in the cost of

producing goods would result

in a decrease in supply We

would model it by shifting the

supply curve to the left

những thứ gây ra sự dịchchuyển đường cầu hoặcđường cung

Một số ví dụ của các yếu tốngoài giá là thi hiếu, sự mongđợi, công nghệ, thuế và giácủa các yếu tố đầu vào ,v.vChi phi sản xuất hàng hóatăng lên sẽ dẫn đến giảmcung

Chúng ta mô tả nó bằng cáchdịch chuyển đường cung sangtrái

2.How do prices influence its quantity demanded and itsquantity supplied ?

When other things are Khi các thứ khác không đổi,

constant , if price of goods

increases , the quantity

demanded will descrease and

vice versa

When other things are

constant , if price of goods

increases, the quantity

supplied will increase and

vice versa

A change in price of goods

causes the movements along

the demand curve or supply

curve

nếu giá của hàng hóa tăng lên,thì lượng cầu sẽ giảm vàngược lại

Khi các thứ khác không đổi,nếu giá của hàng hóa tăng lênthì lượng cầu sẽ tăng vàngược lại

Sự thay đổi của giá hàng hóagây ra sự di chuyển dọc theođường cầu hoặc đường cung

13 What is demand curve?

Demand curve is a graphic representation of the relationship

between product price and the quantity of the productdemanded

14 What is supply curve?

Supply curve is a graphic representation of the relationshipbetween product price and the quantity of the product supplied

16 What factors cause the whole demand curve shift to the right or the left?

Shift factors cause the whole demand curve shift to the right orthe left

18 What does the law of demand describe?

When other things are constant, if price of goods increases, thequantity demanded will decrease and vice versa

19 What does the law of supply describe?

When other things are constant, if price of goods increases, thequantity supplied will increase and vice versa.

21 If the national income increases, what will happen todemand of a good?

If national income increases the aggregate demand of a goodwill increase

A decrease in national incomes will cause a shift of the wholedemand curve to the left.

25 How does high technology influence supply of a good orservice?

High technology can help companies to produce more goodsand services, so the aggregate supply will increase

1.What is public finance concerned with?

Public finance is concerned with how government raises andspends their money

2.Where do tax revenue come from?

Tax revenues come from 3 major sources : income tax, payrolltaxes and corporate income taxes

3.How are trust fund used ?

Trust fund are used to pay for specific programs such as Socialsecurity and Medicare

4.By what way does the Treasury borrow money ?

The Treasury borrows money by selling bonds and other types

of securities

/ sɪˈkjʊərəti /

5.Who does the government owe money to ?

The government can be owe money to its citizens, foreigners,other governments or international financial institutions / ˈFɒrənə (r) /

6.What is debt held by public ?

Debt held by the public is the total amount the governmentborrows all of its creditors in the general public.

7.Debt held by the federal accounts is the amount of money thatthe Treasury has borrowed from surplus of trust fund

II/Long question

1.What are the main sources of government revenue? How cangovernment raise money

The first source of

government revenue is from

taxation The government can

collect money from different

types of tax such as income

taxes, customs duties, excise

taxes and so on

The second source is

borrowing money The

Nguồn đầu tiên của doanh thuchính phủ đến từ thuế Chínhphủ có thể thu tiền từ nhiềuloại thuế khác nhau vd nhưthuế thu nhập, thuế hải quan,thuế TTĐB v.v

Nguồn thứ 2 là mượn tiền Kho bạc mượn tiền bằng cách

Treasury borrows money by

selling bonds and other types

Two types of funds are trust

funds and federal funds:

Trust funds are generated

from payroll taxes They are

used for specific programs

such as Social security and

Medicare

Federal funds are generated

from some different

types/kinds of taxes such as

income taxes, customs

duties , excise taxes v.v

2 loại quỹ đó là quỹ tín thác vàquỹ liên bang :

Quỹ tín thác được tạo ra từthuế trên bảng lương Chúngđược sư dụng cho các chươngtrình cụ thể ví dụ như an sinh

xã hội và y tếQuỹ liên bang được tạo ra từmột số loại thé khác nhau nhưthuế thu nhập, thuế hải quan,thuế TTĐB …

The president can decide to

spend them on just anything

when conduct the annual

appropriation process

Chính phủ có thể quyết địnhchi tiêu chúng bất cứ lúc nàokhi tiến hành phân bổ ngânsách hằng năm

3.What are 2 kinds of debt? How are they generated ?

They are debt held by public

and debt held by federal

accounts

Debt held by public is the

total amount the government

borrows from all of its

creditor in the general public

Debt held by federal accounts

is the amount of money that

Đó là nợ do công chúng nắmgiữ và nợ do tk liên bang nắmgiữ

Nợ do công chúng là tổng sốtiền chính phủ đã vay từ tất cảcác chủ nợ của mình trongcông chúng

Nợ do tk liên bang năm giữ làtổng số tiền kho bạc đã mượn

the Treasury has borrowed

from surplus of trust funds

từ thặng dư của quỹ tín thác

III/Complete the sentences

1.Public finance/be/concerned/how/government/ raise/ andspend/money

Public finance is concerned with how government raises andspends money

2.Trust funds/ be/use/pay/specific program/socialsecurity/medicare

Trust funds can be used to pay for specific programs such associal security àn Medicare

3.the Treasury/borrow/money/sell/ bond/ other/ type/securitiesThe Treasury borrows money by selling bonds and other types

of securities

1 Where do the government revenues come from?

Or: What are sources of the government revenues?

- The government revenues mostly come from taxation

2 What are 2 types of funds generated from taxation?

They are trust funds and federal funds

3 What are trust funds?

Trust funds are the government revenues generated from

payroll taxes including social (national) insurance and healthinsurance

4 What are trust funds used for?

Trust funds are used for social security and medicare

5 What are federal funds?

Federal funds are the government revenues generated from

income taxes, customs duty, excise tax and so on

6 What are federal funds used for?