Stress Của Giáo Viên Tiểu Học Trong Bối Cảnh Thực Hiện Chương Trình Giáo Dục Phổ Thông 2018 (Luận Văn Thạc Sĩ Tâm Lí Học Chuyên Ngành Tâm Lí Học).Pdf

S\r khac bi$t ve mire dpstress x6t thentie bicunhankhauhpc...63Bang 2 6 Bicu hicn stress cua giao vien ticu hoc trong boi canh thuc hicn CTGDPT 2018.... trong mot nghien cuu Dicu tra loa

ket qua ncu trong luan van la trung thirc va cliua tiing dugc cong be trong bat kyedng trinh nio khSc

Tie gia luan van

Nguyen Kivu Trinh

Trong qua trinh hoc tap va hoan thanh luan vfln nay toi da nhan diroc syhiring dan giup dd quy bau tir quy Thay Cd, dong nghiijp, ban be va ngubi thantrong gia dinh Toi xin chan thanh cam im den:

Toi xin chan thanh camcm Quy BanGiam hicu, Quy Phong Sau Dai hoc, Quy Thay Cd Khoa Tarn ly hpc Truong D^u hpc Su pliant Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh ddtao dicu Icicn cho toi dime hoc tap va ren luycn tai trubng

Tdi xin bayto long bict on sau sic nhal toi TS Le Duy Hung dd t?n link giup

do va ho tro toi rat nhicu trongqua nghicn ciru va hoanthanh luan van

I di xin chan thanh cam on cat giao vitn lai cac truong lieu hoc, ban giam hi$u cac trudng ticu hoc fren dia han thanh pho lib Chi Minh va quv phu huynh dongngluvp da hop tac giup dd toi trong suotquatrinhhoan thanh luan van tot nghnjp.Tuy cd nhicu co g3ng trong nghicn ciru nhung lu$n vfln khong trinh khbi nhung sai sot rat mong nhan dugc nhung sir nhan xct va gop y cua cac thay co banbi}dong nghifp de de tdi dtnyc hoanfhifn him

Xin chan thclnh cam cm'

Thanh phb HoChiMinh,thing 3/2024

Tac gia

Nguyen Kieu Trinh

Lai cam on

Muc lyc

Danh inuc cac bang

Danh muctCrvict tSt

Md DAU I Chuomg I CO SO LY LEAN VE STRESS CUA GIAO VltN TlEU HQC TKONG HOI CAM! THV'CHlfN CHU’ONG TRIMI GIAO

l>V<-PHO THONG 2018 6

1.1 Ljch sunghien cuu vandevt stress 6

11.1 Nhimg nghiencuuvc stress d nude ngoai 6

1.1.2 Nhungnghiencuuve stressd Viet Nam 11

1.2 Mqi so khai ni£m co ban 17

1.2.1 Khai ni?m stress 17

1.2.2 Khii ni<-m giio vien tiOu hyc 19

1.2.3 Khainiym stress cua giao vien tieu hoc 20

1.2.4 Khai ni£mchuomgtrinhgiao dye phd thong 2018 21

1.2.5 Khai ni<-m stress cua GVTH trvng bdi canh thyc hi<-n chuung trinh giao due pho thong 201X 24

1.3 Mytsodiedi$m cua giaovientiiu hoc 33

1.3.1 Bflcdiemcong vi$c cua giao vien tieu hyc 33

1.3.2 Nhi$m vy cua giao vien tieu hyc 35

1.3.3 Dac diem nhaneach cua giaovientieuhoc 37

1.4 Nhimg khd khan thudng gap cua gido vien tieu hqc trong qua trinh thyc hiynchuung trinh giao dyepho thong 20IX 39

Tieu ket chuomg 1 44

PHO THONG 2018 46

• * 2 I Gidi lhi?u ve d|a ban vi khach the nghicnciru 46

2.1.1 Diaban nghicnciru 46

2.1.2.Khach the nglnen ciru 48

2.2 To chuc nghicn cuu 50

2.2.1 Phuong phapnghicncuu ly lu?n 50

2.2.2 Phuong phapdieutrabang bang hoi 51

2.2.3 Phuong phap phong van ban cau true 55

2.2.4 Phuongphapnghicnciru tnrdng h<,rp 58

2.2.5 Phuong phap phong van 59

2.2.6 Phuong phap thong ke toAnhpc 60

2.3 Kct qua nghicnciru thyx trang stress cua giao vicn ticu hoc t*i thanh pho Ho Chf Minh trong hoi canh thyc hi?n chuong trinh giio due phi thong 2018 60 2.3.1 Thye tryng inirc do stress cua giao vicnUcu hoe l?ithanh pho Ho Chi Minh trong boi canh thuc hign chuong trinh giao due phd thdng2OI8 60

2.3.2 Bicu hicn stress cua giao vicn trong boi canh thuc hien CTGDPT 2018 65

2.3.3 Nguyen nhan gay ra stress cua giao vicn tieu hoc trong boi canh thpc hi£n chuong trinh giAoduepho th6ng 2018 72

2 3 4 Cach thuc irng pho viii stress cuagiao vicnticu hoc trong boi canh thuc hicn chuong trinh giaoduepho thong 2018 79

2.3.5 Ket qua nghicn ciru Iruwng hyp ve thpc trang stress cua GVTH trong boi canh thuchicnchuong trinh giaodue pho thong 2018 91

Ticu ket chuong 2 96

KET LUAN VA KIENNGIII 98

DANH MVC TAlLlfcUTHAM KI I AO 106 PHVLVCPL1

Bang 2.2 Bang chuan xac djnh mire do stress dua tren diem tho cua

DASS42 54Bang 23 Cach tinh diem cAch thuc irng pho vui stress vi nguyen nhan gay

ra stress 55Bang 2.4 Mire dp stress cua giao vien lieu hpc trong boi canh thirc hipn

CTGDPT2018 61Bang 2.5 S\r khac bi$t ve mire dpstress x6t thentie bicunhankhauhpc 63Bang 2 6 Bicu hicn stress cua giao vien ticu hoc trong boi canh thuc hicn

CTGDPT 2018 65Bang 2.7 Khai qua! cac bicu hi£n stress cua giao vten lieu hoc trong boi

canh Ihvc hipn CTGDPT2018 67Bang 2 8 Bicu hi$n v£ cam xiic va hiinh vi cua giao vien lieu hpc khi gup

phai stresstrongboicanhthuchipn CTGDPT 2018 69Bang 2.9 Nguytfn nhan gay ra stress cua cua giAo vien tiCu hpc trong b6i

canh thuc hipn CTGDPT2018 72Bang 2 10 Danh giA cua giio vien neu hpc ve cAc nguyen nhan gay ra stress

trong boi canhthuc hicn CTGDPT 2018 75Bang 2 11 Cach thuc irng pho chu dong tich cue cua giao vien tieu hoc

trong bdi canhthuc hipn CTGDPT 2018 80Bang 2 12 Cdch thuc ung ph(i ne tranh van de cua giao vien lieu hpc trong

bdi cAnh thuc hipn CTGDPT 2018 82Bang 2.13 Moi tuong quan giOa cac inuc dp stress vi cac cfich thirc irng

pho veri stress cua GVTH 83Bang 2 14 Danh gia cua GVTH ve cich thirc irng pho vdri stress trong quA

trinh thuc hien CTGDPT 2018 86

Bang 2 15 Y kien cua giAo vien lieu hpc ve nhung vicecan lain de hpn the

stresstrong bdi canh thuc hicn CTGDPT 2018 89

Tir vict 131 Tir - cym tir dljr du

CTGDPT Chuang trinh gi3odue pho thong

UNICEF Quy Nhi dong Lien hiepquocWHO Td cht'rc Y I*Tht? gift

Vi vay, moi nganh nghc deu co the tiem an nhOmg nguy co gay stress Trong

db, giio vicn li mot trong nhrtngnghc co nhibu ap lyre va de gap phai stress Nhibunghicn ciru cho thay rang, day hyc la mot nghcco ty le stress cao dieu nay co the dan dencacvan de ve sue khoc the chat, tinh than lau dai ergiao vien vacungco the anh huong tieu eye den qua trinh giao dye doi vbi hyc sinh C4c nghicn cuu ve ly luan va thuc ticn cua cac tiic nha nghicn cuu cho thay, giio vicn hicndang phai gapstress 6 nhicu muc do khac nhau stress bgiao vien cb lien quan den cac lac nhan gay stress va each ung phb veri stress trong boat dong nghc nghiep Nhicu bao cao phuvng liyn truycri thong khac nhau da ghi nliyn mire db cing thing cao o cac giaovien Gan day nhat trong nam 2023 mot nghicn cuu duoc dang tren tap chi Y te cong c(mg ve “Cing thing cua cac giao \icn trubng ebng lap Un cac loyi hinh

• •trubng khac nhau" a Nhat Ban da chi ra ring giao vicn dyy b tnrbng cong lap hau

het deu gAp phai cing thing lien quan den cdng viec day cua minh va giao vien d cac cap khac nhau sc cd nhung nguycn nhan khac nhau gay rd stress Trong mytnghien cuu tai Israel cho thaycoden 91,3% giaovien tieu hoc gapstressb cac mure

dp khac nhau trong do cd 36.2% giAo vien tieu hyc gjp stress d muc dy cao NgoAi

ra trong mot nghien cuu Dicu tra loan dicn cac van de sue khoc nghc nghiep cuagiAo vien cac trudng Tieu hyc va Trung hyc tai HongKong do tac gia Chan va cdng

su thuc hicn tren 6000 giao vien, da chi ra rang giao vien tieu hoc gap stress caohem so vdi giao vien Trung hoc Khoi luyng cdng viec njng ne ap lye thdi gian caieach giao dye danh gia benngoai trudng hyc quan ly hanh vi va hoc typ cua hyc sinh la nhung ngudn stress trong cdng viyc dupe bao cao thuung xuyen nlut trong nghien cuu Chinh vi v$y khien cho giAo vien lieu hoc la ddi tupng dang diryc quan tarn horn cac ddi tuong giao vien khac

O Viyt Nam trongnglnen cuu cua tac gia Trinh Viet Then (201 ft) dA (hyc hiyn nghien ciru tren giao vien mam non cho thay coden 54.5% giao vien gyp stress dnhieu mire dokhAc nhau Mot nghien ciru khac thyc hi$n tren khach the la giaovientruong mam non tu thyc cua tac gia Pham Thi Phuong dua ra kcl qua 93.6% GVcomire do stress trung binh vA 6% GV co muc do stress cao Tir cac ket qua cho ta thAy giAo vien cung la ddi tiryng dang gyp nhieu ap lye ve cAc vandenhu quan ly, chiu trach nhicni ve hanh vi va hoc t$p cua hoc sinh tren lop, khoi hrong cdng vi$cnAng nd vi vira phai len kc hoych giang dyy giam sit vadAnh giA hoc sinh NgoAi

ra con co ap lye tir phiaphu huynh cap tren vA dong nghiyp Dae bipt la trong bdi canh chuirng trinhgiao due dang cd sy ddi mdi, giAo vien tieu hoc cung dang la ddi tuyng gap nhieu kho khAn vA dang dupe quan lam Theo thong tu 32'2018.TT BGDDT, ngay 26.12/2018 By trudng ByGiao due va Dao tao diban hanh chucmg trinh giao dye pho thong 2018 dupe xay dyng then mo hinh phAl then ndng lye,thong qua nhung kicn thuc ccr ban thict thuc, hicn dai va cac phuemg phap tich cue hoa boat dong cua ngudi hoc, giup hoc sinh hinh thanh va phai tnen nhdng pharn chat va nang lire ma nha truong va xa hpi ki vong Theo do chuang trinh giao dye pho thong 2018 cdnhieu sythay ddi horn so vdi chuomg trinh tu nhu; tliyt hicndayhyc tich hyp, thyc hicn dyy hoc phanhoa thuchi$nycu cau phai tricn nang luc cho

hpc sinh, thuc hien mot chucmg trinh, nhieu sAch giao khoa Ben canh do chuangtrinh giao dye pho thong 2018 chi quy dinh chuan dau ra yeu cau can dat: sachgiaokhoa khong hicn scan thco tict nhutrucrc day ma hicn scan then chu de mach kicnthuc; giAo vien, nhu truimg nghicn ciru chucmg trinh sAch giao khoa d$c diem cuahoc sinh tai truang cua minh de xaydungkc hoach day hoc cu the, phu hopveri doi tupng Day la nhttng diem mfti ma w do giao vien ticu hoc phai co nhicu trAch

nhiem va nhiem vu nhicu han Vi the dicu nay cung gop phan gia tang nhung khokhin, ap lye trong cong vice giang day cua giao vien khi phai thich ng In voi sy doi moi venQi dung va phircmgphap giang d?y v<ji chucmg trinh mdi

Hicn nay nhung de tai nghien ciru ve stress cua giao vien tieu hoc trong boi canh thyc hiyn chucmg trinhgi.io dye pho thong 2018 erVi£t Nam chtra dupe quan tarn va nghien cuu nhicu Vi nhung ly do kc Iren, toi lya chpn de tai Stress cuagiAo vien ticu hpc trong h6i canh thyc hi$n chucmg trinh gi;io dye pho thdng 2018“lam de tai nghiencirucua minh

2 Muc dich nghicn ciru

Nghicn ciruthyc trying stress cua giaovten lieu hpc lyi thanh pho HoChi Minh trong hoi canh thyc hien churmg trinhgiaodye pho thong 2018

3 Miiym vy nghicn cuu

Nghicn cuu nhihrg van de ly luan ve stress cua giao vien ticu hoc trong boi canh thyc hipn chucmg trinh giaodyepho thong 2018

Nghicn cuu thuc trang stress cua giao vien ticu hpc trong bdi canh thyc hipnchuong trinh giaodue pho thong 2018

4 Khavh the va doi tuong nghicn cuu

4.1.1)6i tuong nghien ciru

Stress cua giao vien lieu hpc trong boi canh thyc hicn chuong trinh giaodye­pho thong 2018

4.2 Khach the nghien cuu

Giaovien ticu hpctaithanh pho 116 Chi Minh

5 Gibi han ph a in vi nghien cu-u

Ve noi dung nghicn ciru: Nghicn ciru tap trungkhao sat thyc tr^ng stress, muc

do stress, cac bieu hicn stress vemat tam ly, nhttng nguycn nhan gay ra stress cuagiio vien tieu hyc b mot so trubng lieu hpc lai thanh pho llo Chi Minh trong boi canh thuc hicn chuong trinh giaodue pho thong 2018 Cac van de stress duoc neu

ra dya Iren cant nhan cua GVTH Irong qua trinh thyc hiyn chuong trinh giao dyepho thong 2018

Pham vi ve khong gian dja diem; nghien ciru dupe thyc hiyn t?i nipt sb taring ticu hoc b noi thanhtren dja ban thiinhpho Ho Chi Minh

Khach the nghienciru: De tai khao sal bang bang hbi tren 300 giaovien lieu hpc khoi Ibp 1,2.3 hi^n dang thyc hicn chuong trinh giao due phb thong 2018 t?i nipt sb taring o noi thanh tren dja ban Thanh pho HoChi Minh, trong so khach the

db lien hiinh phong v4n suu bang ciiu hbi phong van ban ciu triic tren 30 gido vifin tieu hoc

6 Gia thuyct nghien cuu

Trong boi canh thyc hi<*n chuong trinh giao dye phb thong 2018 liibn nay cacgiio vien tieu hoc dang gjp phai stress a cac mire do khac nhau chu yeu stress a mire dp nh? vi cb cac bieu hi<fn stress vem$t tarn ly C6sy kJMc biyt ve stress doi vbi tirng nhbnt do tuoi, khoi lop va loai hinh taring

7 Nguycn tic tiep can vi phunmg phap nghicn ciru

7.1 Nguyen tic tiep can

- Nguyen tie tiep can hoat dong - nhan each: Nghien ciru stress a giao vien ticu hoc khong tach rbi mpt so d$c diem nhan each ca nhan cua giao vicn va hogt dong nghe nghiep cua giaovicn tai cac taring ticu hoc la giaodueti e

- Nguyen lie tiep can sy phai then: Nghicn ciru nhin nhan stress b giao vienticu hoc khong phai la mot hicn tuong tam ly tinh ma lubn thay doi dtrii sytar dong cua nhicu yeu to c<i nhan vi xi hpi

• Nguycn tac tiep can thuc ticn: Thye lien la nguycn nhan va dieukicn de thuc hiyn nghiencuu ve stress cua giao vien Irong boi canh thuc hicn chuong trinh giio

dye pho thong 2018 Chinh vi the, vise nghien ciru de tii si sir dyng cac dieu knjnthyc ticn ve nhan luc vekha n3ng va dieu kicnthychicnde ticn hanh.

7.2 ’hirong phap nghien cihi cu the

- Phuong phap nghien tint mi lieu Nhim thu thap thong tin khoa hpc tren cor

songhicn cirucac van ban, tai lieu bang cac thao tac tir duy logic de rut ra kct luankhoa hpc can thict nhim inyc dich xay dyng co sb li luyn djnh htxung cho nghien cuu thuc ticn

- Phuongphapphong van bun cau irtic: Phuongphap phong vanban cau true

la phuemg phap chinh dupe sir dung de nghicn cuu trong de tai nay Vipc sir dung cau hoi ban cau true nham thu thap va lam rd thong tin ve thyc trang stress, dieu Iracac bicu hi^n stress ve mflt lam ly vfccdc nguyen nhan chinh gfly ra stress cua giio vien ticu hpc trong bdi canh thuc hipn chucmg trinhgiao due pho thong 20 L8

- Phut mg phap dieu tra hang bang hoi: Dung bang cau hdi de thu tliap dft lipu

vccac thong tin ca nhan can thict cho nghicn ciru giao vien ticu hpc ty danh gia cacmire do stress cua minh trong boi canh thuc hien chirung trinh giaodye pho thdng

2018 Ngoai ra bang hoi con thu thap them nipt so thong tin chung cua giao vientieu hpc nhu: do tudi thiim niencong tac donvi congtac

- Phuong phap phong van' Dimg bing cau hoi da dupe chuan bi de ticn h3nhphong van doi tiryng la giao vien lieu hpc nham bo sung them thong tin gop phan 13m sangto kbt qua khaosat thyc trying stress cua GVTH

Phuong phap nghien ct'ru trutmg hap: Phuemg phap nghicn cuu truong hopgiup chung toi cd them nhung thong tin thyc te cua GVTH khi hp doi dien voi stress D$c bigt, nhirng bicuhign ve mjil tarn ly vii nhung anh hudng cua stressdenchat lupng cuoc song, cong vice cua hp o thbi diem hicn tai Ngoai ra, phuemg phapnily ebn gulp chung Ifti tim hicuvac nguyen nhan gay ra stress cho GVTH (rung bdi canh thuchicn chucmg trinhGDPT2018

- Phuong phap thong ke loan hoc. Phan mem SPSS phien ban 26.0 si dupedung de xu ly cac du kicn thu dupe, phuc vu cho vice phan tich so li$u cung nhudam ban toi da yeu cuu djnh lupng vadinhtint) cung nhu linh khach quan trong qua trinh nghicnciru

Chuomg I COSOI.Y l.UAN VE STRESSCL'A GIAO VIEN TIEU HQCTRONG BOl CANH THtfC HI$N

CHL'GNGTRlNH GIAO DLC PIlO THONG 201K1.1 Ljch sir nghien ciru van de ve stress

1.1.1 .Nhirng nghien ciruve stress 6 nirdc ngoai

Theo WHO (2005) dinh nghia sure khoc tain than la tr^ng that trong do cAc cA

nhan ddi pho thanh cdng vdi nhung cang thang hang ngav cua cuoc song, lam vicehiyu qua va dong gdp cho cdng dong cua ho I long cac tAi lieu tain ly hoc Stressduoc dinh nghia la each cac ca nhan phan ting vdi bat Icy moi de doa linh cam ho$c nhu cau nao ddi vdi cuoc song binh thubng cua ho (Mark & Snuth 2012 Nakao, 2010; Rivera-Torres vi epng si/ 2013) Ndi cAch khac stress IA mot tryng thAi tinhthan va tinh trang the chai gay ra ben cac ycuto ben trong va ben ngoai de doadensire khoc cua cAc cd nhAn va nd cd the xAy ra kin cAc ca nhan co gflng dieu chinhcac ycu to nay (Yu.20 15)

Hans Selye dune coi IA ngudi dau tien d(Jt nen tang khoa hoc cho vi$c nghien ciru vc stress Bang ket qua nghien cuuthuc nghiym ve stress trendyng v$t, dng dakhAng dinh co the co he thong cAc dap ung nhAm thich nghi va can hAng vdi hoAn canh moi Hans Selye dA gpi cac dapung nay IA "llyi chung thich nghi chung" GAS(General Adaptation Syndronmc) Theo Selye cd nhieu loai tac nhan tao ra stresslAm phit khoi cung myt phAn ung toan than hoAc dap ung chung cua co the Nlutngnguycn nhangay stress deu ddi hoi s\r thich ung duy tri tinh loan v?n tong the va

su thoai mai bang each phuc hoi the can bang, con goi la can bang noi tai Ong mo

la dap ung toan than vdi cac tac nhan gay stress k I long die hicn nhu v$y la hpi chung thich ung chung- GAS (Gerncral Adaptation Syndrome>

Michael G Aamodt cho ring "stress klidng phai luc nao cung le" Ong chiastress thanh hai loai: stress co loi (distress) va stress co hai (distress) Ben canh do dng nhyn dinh cd sy khAc biyi gida cac ca nhan ve muc do de I>| stress, hojc kha nang chiu dung nhung tac nhan gay ra stress Kha nang nay dupe chi phdi bcri cacyeu tonhu tinh cadi, gidi tinh sAc t(>c haychung toe va d{> nhay stress

Sau nay, nhieu nghien ciru cua cac tac gia da chi ra rang nhifrng ngucn limcong tac giao due co nguy co cao mac phai stress Tren the gidi ty I?stress w giao vicn dugc ghi nhand mire do cao Trong nhicu nguyen nhan, nguycn nhan Ion nhat k'l do ho phai tiep xue vdi nhieu lac nhan gay stress irong cong vi^c va trong cachoat dong hang ngay Tir cuoi the ky XX tinh trang cang thang met moi, suy ki?l trong cong vi$c cua giao vicn di trd thanh m(»l chu de nghicn cuu noi tr(u tren the gidi Qua thuc te cho thay cac nghicn cuu ve van de nav tren nhicu quoc gia codiemcliung cho ring day hoc la mot trong nhdng nghede gjp phai stressnhat.

Pci va Guoli (2007} cung cho rang dgy hoc la mot nghc rat cang thang Theo

do, ket qua cua hoda chung nunh ring hun 80% so giao vien duoc khao sat di vadang trdi qua stress thro cac cap d<» tir vini den nyng Nghien ciru di xac djnh ring stress trong cong vice tac dong lieu cue den sire khoc cua GVTH va trung hocco so

d muc ding ke Trong nghienciru cling cho thiy sy khac bi^t ve gidi tinh cilng lien quan den nh$n thuc ve stress giua cac giao vien Pei va Guoli cho rang mire dg stress cua giao vien dirdi 5 n3m kinh nghirni cao hem dang ke so vui giao vien cdthamnicn cao hem Stress co su lac dong lieu eye den cong vicecua giao vicn tuy nhien, tac dong nay khong lim bang nhirng anh hirong cua nd den sire khoe cuaGVTH

Trong nghicn ciru cua McCarthy vi cong su (2009) cung da co nhirng ph.it hi$n ring khi khong dirge giai quyet stress si co hai toi sue khoetinh thin cua gido vicn Trong do, kigt sue la mgt yeu to gav stress pho bien er giao vicn ticu hoc vatrung hoc co so Khoi lining cong vice quA tai la mot nguyen nhan quan trong gay stress cua giao vicn Nghicn ciru ciing cho ring chinh quyen dia phirong va cactruemgphai tap trung vao vice giant tinh trang kiet sire cua giao vicn de cat thien chai lugng giao dye

•Klassen va Chiu (2010) cong nhanranggiang day la mot cong vice gay stressStress lim giam sy hai long trong cong vice va ning lye cua giao vien Nguyen nhan chinh gay stress trong cong vi$c cua GV la do hanh vi cua hoc sinh va suquatai trong cong vice Ngoai ra trong nim 2011 hai tac gia la Noor va Zainuddin ino rung nghicn cuu dua tren Inntag nghicn cini ciia Klassen va Chiu (2010) Cac tac

gia cho rang cdc yeu to gaystresstrong gia dinhdagopphan gay ra tinh trang stresstrongcong vi?c Noor va Zainuddin da xcm xet moi quan hg giua cam xuc va xungdot giiYa cong vice va gia dinh de xacdinh nhirng nguyen nhangay ra stress.

Manthei & Sol man (1988) va Beckley (2011) cung phai hicn ra ring him 39%giao vien er New Zealand coi vice giang day la rat cang thang hoac cue ky cang thing, ling 13.6 % tu niin 1996 dennlm 2011

Nam2011 luan an ticn sicua tac gia Sloane Burke Dai hpc Fast Carolina vdi

de tai "Stress va hanh vi ung pho vdi stress cua giao vien lieu hoc" (201I) da sudung phirong phap nghicn ciru dinh tinh Kct qua nghicn ciru cu the la 30%GVTH

mo la cue ky cang thing 18% hoi cang thing va 42% mo ta rat cing thing Muc docang thing co the king do him vice qui nflng nhpc (67%) cd nhicu nhiym vy phiihoan thanh (91%) lam viyc nhicu gio (85%) cd gang theo kip su thay doi nghc nghiyp (91%) quan ly cac hanh vi cua hpc sinh (85%) Ngoii ra, nhihtg cich irngpho dupe giao viensu dyng nhicu nh.ittrong de tai la: tim kiem su ho trp tirbanbe(73%), ngu du giac (67%), tim kiem su ho trp tu gia dinh (64%), tim Idi khuyen tir dong nglnyp (64%) va cau nguyen (55%)

Zedan (2012) thuc hien nghien cirucr Israel, cho thay muc do stress d GVTH

li 91,3% trong docd 36.2% giio vien cd mire dp stress cao va 55.1% giao vien cd stress n muc do thap Cung trongnam 2012, tac gia Collie va cong su xcm xdt moi quan hp giita cic yeu id gav stress, danh gia tac dpng cua yeu to moi trudng lim vife doi vdi stress, ning sual va su hai long trong cong vice cua GV Cac tac gia cho ring, moi trudng lam vice anhhircmg den su hai long trong cong viec va muc

dp stress cua GV Muc do stress cua giao vien I3ngcao khi honhyn thaymoi Irudng lam vicecua hp khong hanh phuc

Trong nim 2013, lac gia Denham va Hassell cho thay muc dp stress d giao vien mam non hicn nay dicn ra pho bicn d muc do rat cao Theo do, co rat nhicunguyen nhan gaystress o giao vien mam non nhu ap luc thdi gian dap irng nhucaucua tre, doi pho vdi nhiem vu khong lien quan den giang day, duy tri hoat dong giang day thuc hanh, dap ung nhu cau ca nhan vande lien quan den phy liuynh cua

tre moi quan he vdi dong nghiep nhirng van de ve cac chucmg trinh 6 trudng mam

non,va nhdng dp lure cdng vice, sy chuyen nghiep trongcdng vice, ky luat va d»>ng

niQl giao vien mam non khi klidng dap ung dugc nliicm vu each nudi dudng vacham soc giao due ire Tir do gay anh hurdng den moi quan he vdi dong nghiep su

uy tin cua nha trudng Vi the de ddi phd vdi stress giaoviencan c6 nhttng each irng pho tich eye khi ddi mat vdi stress

Trong nghien ciru cua Hasan (2014) ve mire d(> stress d giao vien lieu hyc giang d?y trong cac trudng cdng lap va ngoai cdng lap cung cd su khac bi?t dang

ke Theo dng, GVTH ngoai cdng lap cd muc do stress cao honGVTH trudng cdng kip Ngoai ra con cd sykhiic diet ve mire do stressthen gidi tinh gifra cic nhdm giiovien nay

Keith Herman vi) Wendy Reinke, giao sutui D91 hocGiio due MU,vi nghien ciru sinh tien si Jal’ct Hickmon-Rosa (2017) trongnghien cuu cdng bo tren Tap chi Can thiep Hinh vi lich eye ghi nh$n 93% giio vien lieu hyc dang trai qua mire dostress cao Nghien ciru duyc thyc hi?n tren 121 giao vien tir Idp 1 - ldp 4, cacgiaovien da dirge hoi nhung cau hoi nhu "Congvi§c cua han eSng thing nhu the nioT*

vi “Hicn tai ban ddi phd vdi sy cang thang trong cdng vi£c cua minh tdt nhu the nao?” Sail do cac nha nghienciru da lien ket du lieu thu dirge vdi ket qua hanh vi

vi Iiqc tap cua hgc sinh Hq phit hicn ra ring mire do cing thing cao cua giao vien thuimg lien quan den ket qua hyc sinh kern him diem thap hmi vi cac van di* vehanh vi

Trong nSm 2015 tac gia Yang Wang lien hanh nghien cuu tren 559 giao vien tieu hoc d Lieu Ninh, Trung Quoc cho thav diem so tning binh thco bang JCQ dmire do cao, vastress nghc nghiep gay ra nhiing tie dong lieu eye den sue khoc cuaGVTH Cung trong nam 2015 Lambert va cdng su khi nghien cuu ve stress d cacgnio vifin, ho tim thay cac tie nhan gay stress d GV bao gom quan ly hanh vi cuahoc sinh, cam giac khdng phii hop trudng hoc to chuc va dicu kicn lam vice, tien luung va khoi lugng cdng vice Nghien ciru nhan manh muc do bieu Incn stresskhac nhau bao gom hicuhi?n tarn ly chang h#n nhu tram cam va lo lang, bicuhi(n

sinh ly nhu viem lodt da day va cAc van de ve tim; va bieu hien hanh vi nhu hi£u qua cong vipc kcm.

Mike George (2017) trong tac pham Khoi sang tinhthan va giai toa stress" d3nhan m?nh chinh nhirng quan mym sai lam cua con ngufri dd khien stress ngiycang phat trien va hicn dicn khap noi tren the gidi Theo ong, stress luon la mot(rang Ihii ticu eye va dd gqi “stress" latin bynh cua the ky 20 stress cOng trb thinh benh dichphat trien manh me trong the gidi hicn dai

lac gia Howard vacong su(20191 ddthuc hicn mot loutcacnghien cuu ve tacdong cua stress doi vdi tam Iv trongnghc day hoc Mot irong nhirngnguycn nhan khiengiao vien gap phaistress la hoatd{)ng cua bangramhnjuva cap tren

Nicole Rascle vi cqng si/ (2008) Shilpa Jain (2021) Annemaree vi cyng s\r

<2022> cungdongnhat quandicm rang cac tac nhan gay ra stresschoGV gom; khoi hri/ng cong vu*c cao hinh vi cua hoc sinh, di$u kiifn lam viijc kern, nidi quan h£ khong tot tai noi lam vice, xung dot vai Ire thicu lychu tlucu co h<>i phat trien.Belinda Agyapong, Gloria Obuobi-Donkor, Lisa Hurhack vi Yileng Wei (2022) Dai hyc Alberta Edmonton Canada da nghicn cuu vc “Cang thang, ki^t sue Io ling va tram cam d giao vien", ket luan rang, sire khoe tam ly va tinh thancua giio vien la vo cung quan trqng vi nd gian tiep anh huong den hyc sinh Stress

co the gay ra ki$t sire Io ling vi tram cam tac dong den sue khoe hanh phtic vft Hing suit cua giao vicn Ngoai ra ty l<? stress dupe bao cao boi mot so nghicn cuucho thay ring nhung van de tam ly nay dang pho bien rongrSi trong giao vicn tren the gidi Cac chinh phu, ban gi3m hieu nhatrudng va cdc nha hoach dinh chinh sdeh can hop lac vdi cac nha nghicn ciru de dua ra cac bien phap nhim nang cao suekhoc tinh than, nlng suat (giang day) va chat luong cuoc song cua giao vicn

Nhin chung qua myt so cong trinh nghicn cuu nuwe ngoai lien quan denstress, bieu hicn cua stress, moi tircmg quan vdi stress, cac nguycn nhan gav rastress co the thay cac tac gia dJ khai that de tii da dang, phong phu de tu do cdcatnhin tong quat hanve stress cua con ngudi Cu the:

Ve pliuong phap su dung: Cac cong trinh nghicn cuu duw thuc hiyn bingphuung phap dinh luqng va djnh tinh Trong do co mot so bai nghicn cuu sir dyng

phuemg phap dinh tinh la phuemg phdp chinh Ngoai ra mot so nghien cuu con apdung phuemg phap thyc nghiein phuemg phap dinh lupng ket hyp thuc hign bai kiemtra ngin, phuong phap dinh lupng ket hop vdi dinh tinh.

Ve khach the nghien cuu; Cac khach the tham gia nghien cuu the hi?n sp dadang nhu sinh vien cac trudng dai hpc ngirbri lao dong, nhan vien giao vien ticu hpc.giao vien Irung hpcco so, giang vien

Tom hl dac diem chung cua cac nghicn cuu nay dcu cho thay stress la niptht£n tuong pho hien trong x3 hoi hien nay Moi ca nhan moi linh vyc vi ngdnh nghc dcu co nguy co gap phai stress o cac muc dp khac nhau Cac nghicn ciru dcu

cd gSng lam sang to ban chat, co che boat dong cua stress Giao vien la mot trongnhirng nghe c6 nguy co cangthing Nhirng yeuto gay ra stress bao gdm cac nguyen nhan chu quan va khach quan stress can dupe chu y de giai quyct ncu khong si coanh hircmg khong nho den chat lupng cupc song va chat lupng guing day cua giao vien

1.1.2 NhUng nghicn ciru ve stress <jrVietNam

Tai Vipt Nam nhirng nghicn cuu ve stress ndi chung d.I dupe cac nha khoa hoc cua nude ta thirc hicn tir nhftng nam 60 cua the ky XX Vao tirng giai doan phat tricn cua x3 hoi ma cat nha nghicnciru tap (rung o cue doi lupng khfle nhau Chinghan trong thdi chicn, doi tircmg nghicn ciru cac chicn sitrong quan dpi: cong nhan ngudi lao di»ng khi hda binh bit dau ting gia san xual hay cac doi lupng la tangldp tri thuc trong boi canh xaydungcong nghiep hda hicn dai hda dat nude

Ilieo do, GS, To Nhu Khue (1925-2008) co nhicu nghien ciru rat sum ve stress trong quan dpi d Viet Nam nhu “Tim hieu m$l mdi trong chicn dau cang

thing va lien tyc" (1971); "Dieu tra ve tinh hinh met moi cua cac chien sT lai xe d

• • *chien trudng” (1973); "So bp nh?n xet ve van de stress cam xue trong lao dqng quan su“ (1974) Qua cacnghien cuu cua minh, GS ToNhu Khuc xem xet stress la

Nflm 2011, tdc gia Tran Thj Thuy d4 danh gia stress tren nhiin vien y te khoi lam sang lai benh vi<n Ung budu Ha Npi Nghien ciru dugc su dung thang doDASS 21 dinh gid tr^ng fhli stress Ket qua thu dugc cd 36.9% nhan vien y If cdbicu hicn stress Sau do, nam 2015 nghien cuu cua Tran Thj Thu Thuy va NguyenThj Huong l ien tren nhdm 600 dieu Ju’mg tai bfnh vi£n Viet Due Ila N$i cho thay

ty ly stress nghc nghiyp chi d muc 18.5%

Tac gia Nguyen Thj Thuy Dung thuc hien nghien cuu ve stress tren can boquan ly gi<io dye trudng mam non vi phd thong tai TP lid Chi Minh cho thay cd tdi 71,97 %can bo quan lyty danh gia mire do stress cua minh dmuc do vua trd len Hicu hicn stress durgc khio sat theo cac tieu chi khic nhau (gidi tinh tuditac chuc vy, thorn nicn quan ly )

Vao nlm 2013, tic gid Nguyen Thi Thoa vdi de tai Bi?n phap han che anhhuong tieu eye do stress cua giio vien mam non tdi ho?t dong chain soc - giao dye trc” Ket qua nghien cuu cho thav, ty Ic giao vien cd muc do stress trung binh vacao cilium khi Idn De tai cho thay stress anh huong ngliiem tryng den lam ly va the

chat cua giao vien mam non Va chinh nhung dieu nay sf anh hudng nhieu den vice chlm soc giao dye trc main non De tai cung cho thay stress cd nhdng nguyen nhan chu quan va khach quan Nguyennhan chu quan: do han than giaovien thieucac ky nlng nghe nghiep, ky nlng giao tiep vdi dong nghiep va do ban than gidovien chua tim dugc each thuc ung phd vdi stress Nguyen nhan khach quan do moi

truong lam vi$cdietrung cua GV mam non (tre quay khoc, thdi Gian lam vice, che

dp luong thirungdura hop ly)

Hoang Thi Thanh Huycn, Nguycn Minh An, Vii Dinh Sam (2021) trong nghien cuu “Thyc trying Stress v4 cic yeu to lien quan cuu dieu dubng tai benhvi?n

K co sb 2 nam 2021" da mb ta thuc trang va xac dinh cac yeu to lien quan denstress cua dieu dubng tyi Benh vien K co so 2 nini 2021 Phuong phap nghien ciru chinh diroc su dung la nghicn cuu mo ta ngang ket harp thu thap so lieu dinh luong toan bq 59dieu dubng lam sang va du lieu djnh tinh tir 5 cuqc phong van sau gdm

01 dieu duong 18 truong khoa 02 dieu duong co diem trungbinhstress cao nhat va

02 dieu duong cd diem trung binh stress lhap nhat Ket qua Diem trungbinhchungmire dp stress cua dieu dudng vien la 1.67 ± 0.34 (mire dp stress thap), trong dd diem trung binh ve mire dp stress cua 8 nhorn van de gdm Doi mil veri cai chct Xung diJivdi bac sT: Chua co sy chuan bj vf cam xue: Van de lien quan dGn dieu duong dong nghiyp; Van de lien quan voi cap tren; Qua tai cong vice; Khong chac chin ve huAng dieu tri va Vin de lien quan den ngubi b$nh va gia dinh ngubi b$nhJan luyt la 1,72 ± 0.46 1.40 ± 0,45 2.11 ± 0.67; 1.37 ± 0.77 1.34 ± 0.39 1.87 ±0.55; 1.53 ± 0.34; vi 2.03= 0.52 (muc do trung binh) Theo phan loai stress chung79.7% dieu duong vien co muc stress thip, 20.3% diGu dubng con l$u comire stresstrung binh Muc do stress cua cac dieu dufrng lam vipc tai Benh vi£n K co sb 2 coban muc thap (chiem da $b> vi muc dp trung binh Yeu tb gay stress cao nhat la chua co su chuan bj ve cam xue tiep den la ngubi bpnh va ngubi nha ngubi benh, rbiden khoi luong cong vipc cua dieu dubng

Trong nghien cuu ve tinh tryng stress cua can bQ va giang vicn truong Dai hoc Cong cong va motsbveu to lien quan cua tac gia Quynh Chi va tac gia Truong Quang Ticn (2022) Nghicn cuu nhim xac djnh tinh H ang stress cua can bpva giangvicn Day la nghicn cuu mb ta, ket hop phuong phap dinh luong va dinh tinh tren

123 can b<) - giang vicn Ket qua cho thay co 27,6% can b<i giang vicn nha truongmac stress bcac muc do khac nhau Cacyeu to lien quan den tinh trang stress dupre ghi nhyn la "Cong vice va trach nhiem", " Danh gia cua nha truong glu nhan vakhen thirbng" "Danh gia cua sinh vien-hQC vicn" va “Danh gia ban than" Tac gia

da dua ra mot so giai phap giup giam stress nhu Phan cong nhiem vy phu hop vdi nang lye cua moi nguoi: su ghi nhan danh gia dung ket qua lam vi?c va che dQ khen thudng doi vdi can bo ■ giangvien can dune quan tam tao moi trudng lam vicethan thien him va gdpphan nang cao sue khoe cho can bo - giang vien.

Stresstrong cong vice cua giao vien cung la mot van de nhan dirge su chu y cua nhicu nha nghicn ciru kh£c De tai "Stress trong cong viqc cua giAo vien mam

non hicn nay" cua tac gia L.c Thi Huong <2013) Ket qua nghicn cuu cho thav daphan giao vien cd nhirng bieu hiyn ban dau cua stress nghe nghiep nhu dau dau,cang thang mat tap tning met moi khong muon lam vi$c, doi khi cd nhung hanh vi gay han vdi tre Nguyen nhan dan den stress la do doi song cua GV chua thyc sy diriycquan tarn dung mire ve luomg va gio 14m d bfle hpc niiy edn rai nhicudieu bat cap chua giai quyct trie! de Nguyen nhan do tinh chat cong vice, thin gian lam vice (]Oh/ngAy), ticn luemg thap moi trudng lam vtfc khong dam bao (tii-ng on), vj the cua giaovien mam non chua dupe coi trong Da dan tcri vice giao vien khong muon tiep tuc vdi nghe do nhilmgap lye k6o dai Trong khi do nhirng bi£n plidp irng phd J?i chua dupe ap dyng trongthyc tc

Tac gia Trinh Viet Then (2016) da nghien ciru u 633 khach the giao vien mam non trong de tAi "Stress d giao vien mini non” cho thavc6den 54,5% gi4o vien g$p stress a nhicu miredo khac nhau Ket qua nghien ciru ebn chi ra ring co su khac bi<?t vd mire dQ stress tuy thuQc vao: lo?i hinh nha trubng, trinh do chuven mon,than) nicn cong tac, do tuoi loyi hinh hop dongvdi nha tiuimg thu nh$p tning hinh thing nhirng khong cd su khac nhau giQa giao vien phu trAch lop theo lua tuoi cuatre va tinh trying hon nhan

Cung nAm 2016, tac gia Pham Thi Phuong vdi de tai "Stress cua giao vien trudng mam non tu thuc" dil khao sat thyc Irang ve muc do stress va stress trong cong vice cua GV' tnrrmg mam non tu thuc Ve thuc trang stress noi chung ket qua cho thay trong 14(1 GV trudng mam non tu thyc dupe khao sat cd 68 GV cd dauhicn stress er mire dQ nhQ cd 58 GV' khong cd bicu hicn stress va cd 14 GV mac stress njng Nil Ong bieu luen thubng gip: l.o ling bubn rau khong ngu yen, mat kicn nhan khd t$p trung it gflp gd bun be bin rut khd ngu kho dira ra quyct djnh

Qua phan khao sat dieu tra hang hang hoi, phong van sau, quan $dt cho thay thyctrungcdnhieuGV trudng mamnon tu thyc dang bi stresstrongcdng vige

Trong nghien ciru Ho Thi Thuy Hang, Hoang The Hai (2018) trong nghien cuu “Nghien cuustress tarn ly cua giao vien mam non tren dja ban Thanh phd DaNang" Nghien cuu da danh gia muc do stress cua giao vien mam non, dactrung nhan rich va each ung phd cua giao vien khi bj stress; dong then chi ra moi quan he giua dac trung nhan each, stress va each ting phd cua ho Ket qua nghien cuu di dua ra myt so giai phap gdp phan giup nangcao hicuqua ung pho vdi stress,cai thien sirckhdc tarnly cho giao vien mam non

Tac gia Tran Thj Cam Tu cung cdng sy (2019) trong “Cac yeu to anh huong tdi c3ng tilling nghc nghi^p cua giang vien cac tnrbng dyi hyc t?i TP IICM“ d3khao sat tren 244 giang vien De tai su dung phuong phap phan tich nhan to khamphi (EEA) va thdng kc mo ta dya tren giii trj Standard Ten Score (Sten) de danh gid mire dd cang thang nghc nghiyp cua giang vien Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay rangnhi'rng nguyen nhan chinh gdy ra stress IS: khoi lining cong viyc thu nhap va phuclyi,dieu kiyn phaitncn ca nhan can bang cdng vi$c cube sung, va hoach dinh nghcngluep

Tic gia Le Thj Loan (2020), trong nghien ciru "Stress vi each ung pho vdi stress cua giao v icn tai cac trungtarn can thiep sdm cho ire rdi loan phd ty ky trendia ban thanh pho lid Chi Minh", Nghien cuu nhttng van de ly luin v| stress vaeach ungphd vdi stress cua giao vien can thiep sdm cho tie rdi loyn phd tu ky Tacgia su dung thang do DASS 42 de khao sat muc do stress va thang do ung phd BrielCopc de danh gia ve cac chien luyc ung phd cua giaovien can tlnyp sdm Quanghien cuu cho thaycd 33,8% GV' dang gap phai stresstirmuc do nhc den nuic do rat njng Khao sal thyc (rung, de xual myl so hicn phap nhim nang cao kha ning

• •t'rng phd vdi stress, cac ycu to gay ra stress, each ung pho vdi stress cua giao viencun ihiyp sdm cho Ire rdi loyn phd ty ky lai cac Hung lain cun thiep sdm tren dja ban thanh phd Ho Chi Minh

Ngoui ru Irong nghien ciru cua nhdm tac gia Nguyen Tin Bich Tuyen, NguyenThanh Tnic va Nguyen Thi Bich Thuoc ve "Moi lien he cua stress vi chien luyc

ung pho v<Jri stress cua giao vien can thiep tre roi lo?n pho tu ky tai thanh pho Bien Hoa tinh Ddng Nai” thong qua trie nghiem DASS42 thang do img pho BriefCOPE Ket qua cho thay co 36,6% giao vicn bieu hicn stress tir muc dp nh? (17.2%) vira (16.2%) den nSng (3,2%) Chien luge (mg pho \(n stress pho bien nhat cua giao vicn la kicu tap trungvao van de Nhirng ket qua nay gqi y rang,vicethay the chicn luge ting pho nc trinh bing cic kicu ung ph6 ticheye (lip trung vievan de dieuchinh cam xue) co the giup giam hot stress chogiao vicn

Irong nghien ciru cua nhom tac gia Huynh llu Ngoc Quynh HuynhGiao, VO

r

Y Lan ve de tai “Stress va cac you to lien quan o giang vicn cac truong Dai hoc t$i(hanh pho Ho Chi Minh (2022)”, cho thay ty It stress o muc do nhy 19,8% va njng kin lugt la I 8,3% va 1.5% Qua ket qua cho thay nwi lien quan giOra stress vdi giditinh, nguon thong tin ve COVID-19 lamany xa hoi kicn there dung va thuc hanh lot COVID-19 (p<0.05).Ty ly vimuc d<J stress d giang viend mure do thap, nlnmg d3y

co the la bang chirng quan trpng cho cac can thijp ho tru tam ly va truycn thong giio dyesire khoe

Nhin chung kin nghicn ciru ve stress cac tac gia trong nude co the hy thong hoa mot sodiemnhusau:

V£ phirung phap su dung: Trong cAc nghien ciru ck Uc gia chu yeu sir dungphirong phapdjnh luong mol so ket hirp ca dinh luong va rat it nghicnciru sir dyng phircmg phAp dinh tinh de nghien ciru ve stress Mgt so thang do dupe su dung nhflm thu thap xu lycacdu Iiqii thong qua mot so npi dung nhu stress, stress trong cong vice, irng pho vdi stress, moi lien h? giita stress va cac chien luge img ph6, cacyeu toanh huwng denstress nghc nghigp

Ve khach the nghicn ciru: Cac khach the nghicn cuu the hicn tinh da dang, phic hop phan nao but tranh loan canh ve stress vdi da (hanh phan nhu tin bpquan

h<?c cho den cdng so, tir ngudi tri thuc cho den ngudi lao dgng chan tay, trong

nhung dieu kicn kinh tc xa hoi hoa da dyng

Ve ndi dung nghien ciru: Tir cac cdng trinh nghien ciru cd the thay cac tac gia

de c$pden nhi’rng khia Cflnh khac nhau lien quan den stress, nhung chung quy l^i xoay quanh mot so ndi dung nhu stress, stress trong cdng vice, stress trong hoc tap,moi lien hy cua stress vi chien luge ung phd vdi stress, stress vi cac yeu to henquan

Nhin chung cac de tai trong nude va ngoai nude dd tap trung nghien ciru stress d du moi doi tuong nganh nghc vdi gdc nhin da chicu la ncn tang cho co sd

ly luan giup tac gia co them each nhin khai quat hon de tu do tien den nghien cuuthyc tien Tuy nhien, qua vi$c tim hieu cac cdng trinh nghien ciru trong nude, cdmol so nhdm khach the dupe Iga chon nghien ciru nhu sinh vien nhan vien y tc

1.2 Mot so khii niern err han

1.2.1 Khai niytn stress

Stress Ian dau tien duoc gidi thieu va nam 1956 hoi tac gia Ilans Selye, dugc xem nhu li mol mo hinh phan ung vi do 111 phan ung sinh l£ Mo hinh hoi chung

• •thich ung chung (GAS) xem stress la mot co chc phong thu tuy nhien ncu stresskeo dai nghiem trong sd dan den nhieu bynh khac ho$c than chi tu vong.O nhdng cdng trinhtiepthco II Selye cho rang stress la sir tuong tac giua tac nhan ben ngoai

vaphan ung cua co the Crudetac nhan dd

fheo nguyen ngtt tieng Anh stress co nghia la "sue manh cudng che, cang thing bupc phai huy dyng cac kha n3ng phong vpde doi pho vdi mpt tinh hudng dang de doa" Thuat ngit stress trong thuc to chi mot phan ung khong die hieu cua

co the Irtroc mol xam kich (agression) bat ke lo^n gi (chan thuung doc to nhiemtrung calamly nua) vira chi tac nhan xamkich do

Theo cd chuu y ic the gidi (WHO), stress la tryng thii Io ling hojc c3ng thing

vc tinh than do mot tinh hudng khd khan gay ra Stress la mot phan ting tu nhicncua con ngudi khi chung ta phai giai quyet nhung thacli thuc va moi de doa trong cuoc song cua minh Mpi ngudi dcu trai qua cang thang d mpt muc do nao do Tuynhien each moi ngudi phan ung vdi cSng thang tao ra su khac biet Idn ddi vdi sue khoe tong the cua hp

Roberts hcldmcn (2004) trong "Tam ly hoc can ban” dua ra quan diem;

“Stress la bit ky nhan to nAo de dpa den sue khoe co thi hay cd tac d<)ngph trong h?i den cac chirc nang co the, nhuton thuvng bpnh tat hay tarn trang lo au chang h?n”

Theo Tir dicn Cambridge, stress la sp lo lang gay ra bdi nipt tinh hudng khd kh3n hoac mot cai gido khien moi ngudi dau dau dau nhirc khd ngu

Trong tir dien Y hoc Anh - Vi?t (2007) stress dupe dinh nghia hi "bat ky nhan

tonaodedoa den sire khoe ca the hay co tac dong phuong hai den cac chirc nang ca the nhu ton thuemg, bpnhtathayramtr?ng lo ling”

Tac gia Vfi Dung trong “Tu dicn Tam ly hpc" (2000) dinh nghia stress "la cang thing sinh ly va tarn ly phat sinh do nhung tinh hudng, su ki$n, trai nghiem khd co the chju dunghoiic vuptqua nhung hicn cd nghe nghipp, kinh tc xahoi”.Cactac gia Pham Minh I lac, Tran Trong Thuy va Nguyen Quang (Jan choring:

“Stress 13 nhung cam xue nay sinh trong nlidng tinh hudng nguy hiem hang hut Iiaytrong nhung tinh hudng phai chiu dungnhirng nangnhocvc the chatva tinh than hoactrong nhdng dieukicnphaiquyct d|nh hanh dpng nhanhchung va trong yeu'*

Theo tac gia To Nhu Khuc, stress "chinh la nhung phan ung khong dac hieu xay ra mpteach chung khlp do cac yeu to cd h?i vc tarn ly xuathicn trongcac tinh

the ma con ngudi chu quan thay la bat l<?i hole rui ro 0 day vai trd quyet dinh khdng chu ycu do tac nhankich thich ma do sydanh gia chuquan ve tac nhan do”.Cdc nhatarn ly hpc khac cua Viet Nam la Pham Minh Hac, Tran Trong Thuy

va Nguyen Quang Uan cho rang: “Stress la nhurng xue cam nay sinh trong nhung tinh huong nguy hiem hang hut hay trongnhirng tinh huong phai chiu dung nhung n^ng nhpc ve the chat vi tinh than ho|c trong nhttng dieukipn phai quyetdjnh hinh dong nhanh chong va trong ycu"

Con theoGS DJng Phuong Kitt, stress “la kieu cac phan ling dupe mpt cothe tricn khai nhamdapung vai cac tac nhan gaystress,cac dieukicn kichthich ddi hoi khanang buydongung pho"

T6m Ipi khi khdi niem ve stress sfi cd nhieu rich hieu Trong do cd ngudi hicustress nhu nipt nguycn nhan co ngudi nhac den nhu liau qua Dudi goc do sinh

ly hoc nhin nhin stress nhu li mpt phan ung sinh ly ctia co the Cdn carnhil lAm ly nhin nhin stress ca ve ycutosinh hpc va tarn ly

Tu nhung each hieu khac nhau ve khai niftn stress Theo quan diem tiep c$n

ly thuyct stress dudi goc dp tain ly hpc trong phijim vi nghienciru cua de tai cd the hieu: Stress Id trung that cdng thing ve mitt tarn ly cuu con ngudi, thrarc hicu hicn

ra ben ngoai ijuu cant xue vd hanh vi khi con ngtrdi ddi myt vdi nhung tac nhan

mil ho nhan thay virat qua muc chiu dung cuu chu the.

1.2.2 Khai ni£m giaovien tieu hpc

Giao vien lieu hoc (GVTH) la nhihig ngudi co trinh do kicn thuc theo quy dinh, lam cdng tac giang day, giaodyetrong trudng tieu hpc Ilo la nbOmg giaovien

cdbang lot nglucp tu trung cap str pham tin Icn day cac mon hoc tu Idp 1 den Idp 5 theo chucmg trinh cua he thong giao due quoc dando Bo Giao due va Dao tao quy dinh

Dieu 27 trong Dieu Ic trudng tieu hpc ban hanh kern Thong tu 28’2020 BGDDT quy dinh nhipm vy GVTH nhusau: Thye hiyn CTGDPT cap tieu hpc va

TT-kc hoach giao due cua nhatrudng Chu dong thyc hi?n va chiu trach nhiem ve kcho^ch giao due Tham gia xay dung kc hoych giao dye cua to chuycn mon va nha trudng; thudng xuycn cap nh$t nhung chi dyo cua nganh Xay dung moi quan he

than thi?n, dan chu giiia giao vien vdi htX sinh, vdi cha in? hoc sinh vic«?ng dong.Thuc hicn tu danh gia thco chuan nghc nghi?p giao vicn; ty h<pc ty boi duimg nang cao n3ng luc nghc nghicp: thuc hicn nhicm vu boi dudng thurdng xuycn giao vicn thco quy d|nh Chu d(ing trim bit thong tin lung hyc sinh cua Idp duyc phan conglam cong tac chu nhicm.

GVTH la htgn nay duyc xcm la lye luong giao vicn cot cin vi ho vi nguoi quyctdinh true true denchat lucrng giao due Vi the ngoai kicn thuc chuycn mon va trinh do hoc van nguoi giao vien phai co nhQng pham chat khac nhu; pham chat chinh tri, pham chat daodue,

Nhu viy de tai xac dinh khai mem Gido vien tieu hoc (GVTH) Id nhirng ngtriri tryc tiep giang day va htrmtg dan i de cm hpc sinh trang knot tieu hpc eu

the tir Idp 1 den top 5 then chuong trinh do Do Giao due rd Duo tyo guy dinh Ho

Id ngiriri thuc hipn vd chju trick nhipm ve ke hoy ch giao due bao gdm ndi dung, phuong phdp gido dye, kiem fra ddnli gid hpc sinh de dam bao ehut lui/ng, hifu quit gido due fir ng hoc sinh cua top minh phu trdch, baa dam quy dinh cua cliutfng trinh gido dye .Xgodi ra lip con day thu nghipm cac md hinh phuung phdp nidi tir cap truong trd len vd tham gia kiem dinh chat luong gido due.

1.2.3 Khai nlym stress cua gido vien ticu hyc

Tu cac khai niem ve stress, giao vicn ticu hoc nguoi vict dua ra khai ni?m stress cua GVTlI nhu sau: Stress cua giao vien tieu hoc Id trang that rang thang

ve mat tarn ly cua gido vien tieu hpc dupe bieu hifn qua cac cum xue nhu lo lang,

tire gidn, butin chan, dp luc, met moi va bieu bien qua cdc hanlt vi nhu hay quen.

hpc dupe phat sinh do g(ip nhirng tdc nlidn kick thich md gido vien nhyn thav

vuat qua mire cliiu dung cua lio.

Stress cua GVTII bao gdm nhirng bien doi ve tain ly lien quan den nhyn thuc cam xue va hanh vi cua ho Nhung he qua cua stress anh hudng true tiep den quatrinh giaodye hoc sinh

1.2.4 Khii nicrn c hirer ng trinh giaodue pho thong 201X

Theo Bp giao due va dao tpo: Chuvng trinh giao dye pho thong 2018 Id van

ban chinh sdeh cua Nha nude the hien muc ticu giao due pho thong, quy dinh ide yeu cau can dpt ve pliiim chat vd nang lye cua hpc sinh, npi dung gido due.

phtrong phap giao due vd plitnmg phap danh gid ket qua gido due, Idin can cir quan ly chat lupng gido dye pho thong; dong thdi Id cam hot cuu Nha nirrre bao

dam chat Itrong cua ca he thong vd tirng co so gido due pho thong.

Chucmg trinh giao dye pho thong 2018 1a chucmg trinh dinh hudng gifo due va dao tyo cho mpi cap hpc pho thong do Bo Giao due va Dio tao Vipi Nam ban hanh ngay 26 thang 12 num 2018 theo thong tu so 32/20I8/TT-BGDD7

vi "ban hinh chucmg trinh giao dye pho thong" Chinh vi vyv CTGDPT 2018 ra doi vdi muc dich thay the va kc thua chucmg trinh giao dye hipn hanh 2006 dangdupe «ip dyng cho mpi cap hpc pho thong d Vipt Nam, dong thdi "bao dam phaitricn pham chat va nang lye ngudi hpc thong qua npi dunggiao duevdi nhung kicn thuc co ban thiet thyc; hipn dai; hai hdadue,tri the, my; chu trong thyc hanh vyn dyng kicn thuc de giai quyct van detrong hpc lyp va doi song; lich hop cao o caclop hpc duai, phan hoa dan o cac kip hpc tren; thong qua cac phuung phap hinh thirc id choc giao dye pluit huy tinh chu dpngvi ciem nang cua mdi hpc sinh, cic phuemg phap kiem Ira danh gia phu hop vdi muc ticu giao due va phurmg phapgiAoduede dyt dupe myc ticu do"

Theo do chucmg trinhgiaodye pho thong moico nhung dyediemnhu sau:Ngay 26 thang 12 nflm 21) 18, Bo GiAo due vi Dao tao ra Ihong tu so32/2018/TT-BGDDT ban hanh chucmg trinh giao dye pho thong 2018 Theo dd CTGDPT bao dam ket noi chat ch£ giua cac lop hoc.cap hoc vdi nhau va lien thong vdi chucmg trinh giao dye mam non chucmg trinh giaodye nghenghiep vichucmgtrinh giaodue dai hoc

CTGDPT dupe xay dyng then hudng mu de dam bao dupe nhdng noi dunggiao due cot loi va traoquyen chu dpng cung nhtr trach nhiem cho dia phuong nha trudng trong vice lya chon n(>i dung trien kliai ke hoych giao dye phu hop vdi tinhhinh cua dia phurmg va nha trudng Chtrimg trinh baodam tinh on djnh va Hub nang

phit trien trong qua trinh thyc hi?n cho phu hop vai tien ba khoa hoc - cdng nglre

va yeucau cua thyc tc

CTGDPT giup hoc sinh hinh thanh va lam chu dupe cac kicn thuc pho thong,khdng chi la kicn thuc tren sach va ina con bict van dpng nhung kicn thuc da hyc vao trong cuoc song, tu do co dinh huong nghc nghiep cho banthan de phat trien banthantrong (trong lai vacosu dong gdp cho xd hpi cho dal nude

Chuangtrinh co suddi men trong vipc thay ddi sach giao khoa sach giaokhoachinh la dinh huong de thuc hicn cdc yeu can cua chuong trinh Theo do, cung motmon hpc si cd nhifiu bd sach giio khoa khac nhau Giao vien sc la ngudi thychi$nlua chon sach nhimg phai dung lheo yeu cau Bd giao dye va Dao tao de dira vaoday hpc de dam baoyeu cau can d<ytheoquy dinh cua Chuang trinh GDP I 201S.Qua noi dung kicn thuc cua cac mon hoc sigiup hinh thanh va phat trien cacpham chat tot dep cua hpc sinh Vi du nhu tinh than yeu nude, yeu dong bio, tinhycu thuang con ngudi cd the dupe hinh lhanh dan dan thong qua noi dung cua cacmon Lich su, Giao due cdng dan Giao due quoc phong va an ninh, lloat dong trai nghiym va nipt so npi dung cua cac mdn Ngd vftn Dja li Sinh hoc, Cac mon hpc

nay deu bdi duemg cho hpc sinh long nhan ai khoandung, y thuc ton trong cac ncnvJn hoa khac nhau, ton Irpng su khic biyt gidu inpi ngudi Con duemg thu 2 la thong qua phtrong phap giao dye nhu tinh than trach nhiem hay su doan ket co the phat trien qua cac boat dpng thyc tc ma GV huong dan chu hpc sinh Ngoii ra ning

lye cua h<?c sinh dirge hinh thanh va phat trien thco thdi gian dan dat dirge cap dptir thap den cao.

CTGDPT 2018 da van dung, hoc hoi kinh ngiem xay dung chuong trinh giao dye pho thong d cat nude khic nhirng nude cd nen giao dye tien tien Tu dd hinh thanh va doi doi mdi noi dung, phuemgphap giaoduethcocachuemg:

(1) Dyy Im?c phan hoa: Thco do, CTGDPT 2018 myl m$t thyc hicn giao dye loan dicn va tichhop mat khac thict kc mot so mon hpc va hoat dong giaodue thcocac chu de tao dieu kipn cho hoc sinh lya chpn nhirng chu de phu hop vdi so thich

va sdtruong cua ban than Trong giai doan giaodue djnh hiring nghc nghiep bencanh nipt so mon hoc va hoat dong giao due bat huge, hpc sinh dupe lira chonnhirng mon hpc, chu de vA chuycn de hpc tap phu h<,»p vdi so thich vd djnh hiring nghc nghiepcua banthan;

(2) Dyy hpc rich hop: dyy hpc tich hgphicn nay la xu the chungtrong chuongtrinh hpc cua cac nude Cd the hicu day la djnh hudng day hpc ket hpp lien lie nhirng kien tln’rc o cac lTnh vyc khoa hpc khac nhau cd lien quan de giai quyet dugc cac vande thuc ten va muc cao nhat lahinh thanhcac mon hpc tich hpp Hign nay dnude ta trong cliucrng trinh mdiday hoc tich hop d3 dupe lien hdnh thuc hicn va cdnipt so diim nhu: tangcudng tich hgpnhiiu ndi dung trong cung nipt mon hyc xay dung nipt so mon hoc tich hop moi d cap THCS thco tinh thanchung la tich hop manhd cic Idphpc dudi viphan hoadan d cac lop hpc tren; yeu cau thuc hiyn tich hgptrong myc ticu npi dung, phuongphap giaodye va danh gia ket quagiaodue(3) Day hpc thong qua hoat dong tich eye cua nguoi hoc: Dav la die diem chung cua phtrimg phdp giao due dupe ap dyng trong Chuong trinh GDPT 2018.Day la each day hpc giuphoc sinh khdm pha duoc cac van de xung quanh, luvcn tap

va cd lioyl dyngthyc hanh de hpc sinh co the img dyng cac tri thuc dd hpc vaoIrongddi song thuc ticn Hinh thuc hpc chuyeu la: ly thuyct, thuc hanh bai tap tro chori.dong vai tham quan lham gia seminar, edm tryi doe sach; sinh hoyl lap the,hoat dong phuc vu cong dong Hpc sinh cd the hpc trong trudne hoyc ngoai khudn vien nhu truongdudi sy huong dun va glimsat cua giao vien I iyc sinhcd the dupe

to chuc linn vice doe lyp lam vice thco nhom hofle lam vice chungcd Idp tuy thco

myc ticu mon hoc Tuy nhien, du lam viec dpc lap, theo nhdm hay theodonvj lop, moihoc sinhdcu phai dupe tao dieu ki?n de tu minh thuc hicn nhiyni vy hpc lap va trai nghiem thuc te Trong do, giao vienchinh la ngtroi to choc hoat dong, hudng dan hoyt dpng cho hpc sinh, tyo moi truirng va tinh hudng cd van de de khuycn khich hoc sinhthani gia vao hoatdong hoc lap Tir do hoc sinh hieu dupe nguyen vpng cua chinh minh phai hiyn ning lye ban than, cd the rcn dupe cacthdi quen vakha nang tu hpc dan dan hinh thanh va phat huy nhung ky’ nang kicn thuc ma ban than da tich luv dupe dephat trien.

1.2.5 Khai ni(-m stress cua GVTH trong boi canh thirc hifn choir ng trinhgiao due pho thong 2018

12.51 Khdinifm

Tir cac khainipm vc stress, giaovien lieu hpc stress cua giao vienticu hoc vachtrong trinh giio dye pho thong 2018, chung tdi dtra ra khai nifin:Stress cua gido vien lien hoc trong bdi canh thuc hifn ch if if ng trinh gido due phd thong 2018 Id

trung that ring thing vf mat Him ly dtri/c hieu hifn qua cum xue nhir lo lang, tire gi(in, budn chan, dp l(ic, in ft nidi va bicu hifn qua cue hanh vi nhir hay quen, khd tup trung, song thu minh chin ehir vd ne trunk cling viec cua gido vien ticu

hpc trong qua trinh gido due cho hoc sinh fie Idp I den Idp 5 khi thuc hifn

chiremg trinh gido due phd thong 2018 dupe phat sinh do gap nhirng tac nhan

kich illicit ma gido vien nhan thay virpt qua mure chiu dtrng cuu ho.

Stress cua GVTH trong bdi canh thyc hicn CTGDPT 2018 dupe nay sinh trong nhdng hoat dong tu vife thuc hien cac yeu cau cua c Huron g trinh mdi Vi vay

sc mang tinh d$c Irung trong bdi canh mui hien nay lien quan den cac nguyen nhan, bicu hien stress khac nhau

Stress cua GVTH trong bdi canh Ihyc hifn CTGDPT 2018 bao goin nhdng

thap den cao Chinh vi cd $y khac biet ve moi taring lain vice, chat lupng dao tao,

co sd v?t chat, chc do dai ngp ncn mire dp stress trong cdng vi?c cua giao vien

cd su khac nhau

Muc do stress cua GVTH inangtinh chu quan nghia la muc dd stress cua giao

• •vien phu thuoc nhieu vao kha nang cua ho khi xay ra co nhung ycu to tac dong gayncn stress Ngay trong cung nipt mdi taring lain vice, muc dp stress cua cac giaovien cung cd str khac nhau vi tuy thuoc vao dac diem cua moi ca nhan kha nang ung phd vdi stress cua ring giao vien

/ 2.5 2 Sh'rc do stress ciiaGWH trong boi canh thuc hicn CTGDPT 20/8

Nhin chung vice phan chiamuc dp stress co tinh chat tuong ddi, boi no phy thupc via nhieu yeu to khac nhau nhu: ddcdiem tarn sinh Iv ca nhfln tinh chat cuacac ycu to gay stress, nguyen nhan gay stress Do vjy tuy vao myc tieu nghiencuu mdi tac giiisc phan chia cdc muc dp stress khfic nhau Cd nhieuquan diem kiltie nhau ve eachphan loyi mure dd stress:

Theo tac gia Hans Selye stress cd 2 mucdp la eustress vddistress Eustress Ifi muc dd stress binh (hiringhay con gQi la stress tich eye.cd the buy dong khanangcua ca the de thich nghi vdi sy thay ddi boi nhihig tac nhan cua mdi taring ben trong ho$c ben ngoai co the Khi co the vupt qua dupe tac nhan gay ra stress se lay lai dupe su can bang Con distress la muc do stress benh ly, khi co the khdng the virpt qua dupe tac nhan gay ra stress va phan ung thich nghi binhthtring cua co the

bi that b^i dan den vice chuyen sang giai doan ba la giai doyn ki?t sue (exhaustion),

do tac nhan gay ra stress cd cudng do qua manh bode qua k£o dii vuot qua sire khdng cp cua cathe Khi dd co the sd rai vaocac dap ung mangtinh chuthooloyn

va bi kier sure dan den benh tat a he thong tuan hoan, tieu hoa haythan kinh, gay

anh huong lieu eye densue khde va linh than cuuchu the

Theo Hiep hoi Tam ly Hoa Kv (APA) co 3 loai stress khac nhau Trong dd stress cap linh thuimg ngjn vi) la hinh (hue stress phd bicn va thudng xuyen nhat.Stress cap tinh thudng duoc gay ra bdi suy nghi tieu cue day la suy nghi nay scthudng xuyen xuat luyn khi cd tinh huong hojc su kicn mdi xay ra ho$c cac tinhhuong su kicn hoac nhu cau sip xay ra trong tinmg lai gin Dau hicu fri^u chung

pho bien nhat: cam xue thoang qua - mpt so ket h<yp cua sy tuc gi|nhoAe cau kinh,

lo lang va tram cam Cac dau hicu tricu chung pho hicn nhatcua stress cap tinh tirng dpt: Dau kho ve cam xue tuc gian hofle cau kinh, lo ling va tram cam,nongnay,thieu kien nhan cang thing Suy giam nh^n thuc: suy giam kha nJng chu y t^ip trung toe do xu ly bi suy giam qua trinh hoc tap mdi va qua trinh cung cova trayxuat bp nha hpc tap moi bj anh huemg va mpt moi ve tinh than Moi quan hy trong cuoc song xau di noi lam vice tra thanh mot ncri rat cang thang Ton thuong hethong mien djeh: cam lanli tliuong xuyen d| ung hen suyenva cac benh lien quanden he thong mien dich khac Stress man tinh la loyi stress gay hai nhat vh khi khong dupe dieutrj trong mot then gian dai no co the gay ton hai dang ke doi vdi sue khoe the chat vA him suygiam sue khde tinh than

Thco tac gia Do Van Dual stress dupe phan ra 3 muc dp: trung binh (it cangthing), cao (ding thing), rat cao tcflngthing)

Thco To Nhu Khuc stress cd 3 muc dp la: binh thubng cao bynh ly Stress o mire hinh thubng, la mucdpdam hao hopt dong sbng binh thubng, cho du cdchjutac dpng boi nhung tac nhan gay cang thang nhc hope vira nhung ca nhan van giu dupe tryng thai can bing va cac hoat dong tam sinh ly dien ra binh thuemg Muc do stress cao IA khi cdcac tac nhan gay cang thangdang ke, co the phai sudpng them mot sb cac n2ng lupng va cau true lai he thong chuc n5ng de thich nghi veri nhung kich thich dd cac phan ung thich nghi dat tdi muc gidi han neu yeu to gay cAng thingden muc tbi han Muc do stressbynh ly la khi cacphan img cua co the khong con hieu qua mong muon,cac he thong chuc nAng mang tinh mem d£o, moi truong ben trong cd nhicu rbi loyn va khong tro l?i binh thubng khi kich thich ngung tacdong

Nguyen Thanh Khai (2001) dd chia muc dp stress tarn ly thanh ba mire dpcang thang ma con ngubi cd the tu cam nhan ducrc la muc do I • rat cang thang:muc dp 2 - ciing thing vi muc dp 3 - it cing thing Cach phan chia muc dp stresscua Nguycn Thanh Khai da chi ra nhung dac diem tam sinh ly ca nhan tinh chatcua cac yeu togay stress, hoan canh gay stress vA sp danh gia va Chai d(> cua chu the

•

ve tac nhan gay stress

Tac gia Trinh Viet Then (2016) lai chia stress thanh 5 mire dy khac nhau: I - Khongbjstress; 2 stressnhp; 3 Stressvuaphai 4 - Stresscao; 5 - Stressrut caoDua vao each phan chia cua cac tac gia ncu tren trong de tai nay chung toi chia mucdy stress thanh 5 muc di) luimg irng; I - Khong c6 stress; 2 - Stressnh? 3

- Stress vva; 4 - Stressnang: 5 • Stressrat nang

Mire d<) I; Khong co stress li mire dy dam bao boat dyng song binli thirimg,cho ducochiu tac dong cua nhirng tac nhan gay cang thangnhc hoac vua nhung canhan van gid dune trang thai can bing, khong cam thay cAng thing vdi nhung tacnhan gay ra stress trong qua trinh giao due cho hpc sinh trong boi canh thirc hifnchuong trinh giaodye pho thong 2018

Mire dp 2: Mire dy stressnhf la try ng thai giAo vien cAm nhyn cdyeu to cAng thang nhp cac hoyt dong lam ly vc cam xue va hanhvi cosy thay doi nhung khong ding kc trongqua trinh dyy hycthychifnchucmg trinh gido dye pho thong 201XMire dp 3; Mire dp stress vira d mire nay GVTH cam nhan thay cd sy cangthing cam xue, su tap tning chu y cao him tri nho tu duy nhanh nhyy him cdc thong so hoyt dong sinh ly cung tang manh nhung trang thai nay ncu kco dai co the s5 chuyen sang trang thai rat cang thang Bo bdn vtkng cua muc do stress nay tuy thuyc vAo ddc diem tarn - sinh ly cd nhan trong qud trinh thyc hiyn chuong trinh GDPT 2018

Mire dy 4: Muc dy stress nang la khi cd cac tac nhan gay cing thang dang kc,

co the phai sir dung them mot so cac nAng luimg va cau true lai hp thong chunc ndng

de thich nghi vdi nhirng kich thich do, cac phan ung thich nghi dat toi muc gioi han ncu yeu to gay cAng thing den mire toi han O mire do nay m$c du co nhung bicndoi cua co the nhung no sd dirge hoi phuc lai sau khi tac nhan ngimg hoat dong.GiAo vien khi gjp phai stress o muc dy nay sfi cd nhicusy bicn doi ve cam xue vahanh vitrong bdi canh thyc hicnchutmgtrinhgiaodue phd thong 2018

Muc dp5 Mire dp stress rut njng giao vien luc nav o trung thai rat cAng thing

vc mat tarn ly trang thai khd chiu con ngucri cam nhan dugc va co nhu cau dugcthoai khoi nd Do con ngudi roi vao tinh hudng khd khan chua cd phuong an giai

quyct, do qua tai vc cong vipc qua tai vc thong tin hofle roi vao trying thai cing

thing keodii.Ve mit cant xueco the cohieu hien gian dit nong naythudngxuyen,

ma doi khi la vd co, hoac Io au that vpng.chan chucmg Tri nhd giant sut rd r£t tuduy kem sic hen, khoi krong chu y thu h?p va phan phdi chu y giam chat Itrang

hoyt dyng giam sut rd r?t Day la nhirng bieu hiyn cd the xayden neugiao vien gipphai stressd muc do rat nang trong qua trinh giao due cho hoc sinh tieu hoc trong boi canh tlurc hiynchuomg trinh giao dye phd thong 2018

1 2.5.3 Bieu hien stress ciid Gl'TH trong hoi canh thtrc hien CTGDPT 2018

Do dje thu nghc nghiyp d?y hoc sau gid day (theo gid hanh chinh), GV I II con phai thyc hicn cac cdng viyc khac nhu: chant bai nhan xet hoc sinh, len kchoych giang day lam hoc cu chuan bi cho cac tiet dyr gid hoac cac hoi thi Hiynnay do cd nhfrng s\r thay ddi trong CTGDPT mdi, khien cho giio vien gip khdkhan soyn giao an va len chucmg trinh giang day cho rieng minh Vi vay trung binh GVTH cd ihd lant vi<-c nr 10-14 tieng I ngay Khoi hrymg cdng vi$c nhieu I<n thieu nhan lye sy thay ddi va ddi mdi vc nhieu thu cdng vdi vice ycu cau cao tu ban giim hiyu ngoii ra con g$p cac van de hyc sinh khien cho hy khdng cd dune thdi gian nghi ngui tryn vyn de lay lai nang luyng tiep lye cdng vide Dieu naysc gaycang thing keodai khien chogiao vien thudng xuyen gip mdt so van deve tarn ly.Stress cd the anh hudng den myi myt trong cuyc song cua GVTH bao gdm cam xue hanh vi, kha nang tu duy va sue khoc the chat Tuy nhien tuy thuoc vio each xtr ly cdngthing khic nhau ncn cac triyu chung cing thing cd the khac nhau Cue tri?u chung co the mo ho va co the giong nhu cac triyu chung do benh ly gayra

Cic bieu hiyn cua stress dune nhin nhyn d nhieu each khac nhau Hicu hiyn ve tarn ly cua GVTH diryc bieu hien qua str thay ddi cua cic boatdong tarn ly, tir cam xue den chu y, tri nhd, tu duy, ngdn ngtf Nhihig bieu hien ve stress giao vien cdthe tucam nhan va co nhihig bieuhicnbdc Iordben ngoai Cac rdi nhieutarn ly the hiyn mdt mdi lien he chit chtJ vdi cacdieu kicn lim vice

Cac hieu hien ve mat cam xue co the bao gom: Lo lang, cang thang lu Ian de phat cau; Cac cam giac hang hut tuc giyn vi oan giyn, Qua nhyy cam cam xue vahicu dyng: Ncn lyi cac cam nghi: Giam hicu qua trong giao tiep: Co minh lai va

tram nhtroc; Cam giacbi xa lanh va ghet bo; Buon chan va khong toai nguycn trong cong vice; Met moi tinh than va tri luc giam sut; Mat tap trung; Mat tinh ty plnit vatinh sang tao Lo hai eSng thang, tuc gian va can han la trong so cac tricu chungthuong duyc nhic toi nhicu luxn Myt so ngudi chju sue ep cong v i$c qua Ion sinh

ra tam ly xa each va tluiminh veri moi ngudi xung quanh Tinh trang nay co the xay

ra sau khi chu the co ging nhung that b?i khong vuyt qua duoc tinh hudng stress.Ngoai ra ho cd the cam thaycau kinh va nhanh chong tuc gian llau het cacGVTHdeu co tinh each than thifcn hoa dong Khi GV bit dau nhan thay lain trang cua

•minh truyt doe cam thay cau kinh va tuc gian thayvi vui ve va haohung, dieu do

cd the cho thay ho dang bat dau ki?l sue Thong thuong dieu nay co the xay ra trong qua trinh gido vicn thyc hicn chuong trinh GDPT 2018 khi g$p nhung khd khan, ap lye trong kha phuc t^p va doi hoi sy dau tu Ian ve thaigian.nd luc va tuduy Vide thay ddi each dyy truycn thong de t^o ra md< mot truong hoc t$p tich eye.khuycn khich hpc sinh phat trien nang lye tu duy sang tao vaky nang thyc hanh khong phai Id mot vice don gian do y£u cau cua chuong trinh mdi khien GV cd itthdi gian chant soc ban than, khong ngu du giac hoyc an udng lanh m^nh ho sc co tam trang va cam xuedi xuong

Cue d/en hien thirimg g(ip ma stress ve hanh vi cd the hi: Sy chan chvr vi nd tranh cong vice; song thu minh va khep kin, Thanh tich vd nang suat giam; Ting lorn dyngcac chat kich thich, Tang so ngAy nghi; An qua nhicu nhu moteach iron thoat gay ra beo phi; An it nhu mot each co minh lai co the ket hop vdi cac dauht£u tram nhuoc; An mat ngon va giam trong liryng dot ngot; Cac quan he xau di vdi gia dinh va byn be; Ty sat va mini loan ty sat Myt moi kco dii hojc kigl sure Hau het cac giao vicn deu trai qua cac giai doan, chflng han nhu trong cac ngayduyc danh gia, dy gm kiem Ira chat luyng cac ngay cudi hyc ky hojc khi by phai

• •ganh mot khoi luong cong vice nang hern binh thudng va cam thay met mdi nhung neu sy m<l moi va kiijl sue k&> diii dan den cam giac sy hii thuc day va di lam viongay horn sau thi do co the la do stress qua muc

Nhdng rdi loan tam ly bieu hiyn ve mjl hanh vi do qua trinh thyc lnyn chuong trinh giao due pho thong gay stress trong then gian dai khien cho stress ci GVTH

ngay cang trcr nen tram trong Ilg cd the khong the duy tri dirge nlntng boat dong kco dai va khong quan ly dirge thai gian cua minh; cam thay bdi roi va kho trim tinhlai dugc; khong chap nhan dugc vice codieu gi do xen vao can trd cong vice dang him Hq co bieu hicn nhu hay quen kho lap trung trong cong vice; kho Ihu gidn hay suy nghi nhicu dan den mat ngu Vi qua trinh thuc hicn chucmg trinhGDP I la mot qua trinh can sydau tu ve thdi gian va cong sue de giAo vien cd the dap irng dugc cac yeu cau cua Bogiao due va dao tao Khong chi ap luc vdi khoi lining cong vice ma giao vien ebn phai thay doi cac phuemg phap day hoc khd khan trongung dyng cong nghe thong tin trongho?t dong d?y Chinh vi the giaovien

se neu khong cd du thai gian de nghien cuu va thyc hanh thi se khong thich nghi dirge vdi vicethyc hi^n chucmg trinh mdi Danden cd ciicbieu hifn ve mat hinh viTom lyi bicu hicn vc stress ve mat lam ly cua giao vien bao gom cac bieu hifn ve cam xue hanh vi vA stress khong cd bicu hi£n dem le Do do, de nh$n bier stress la mot vice tuong doi phuc tap Phai dua vao cac dau hieu dac trung cuastress d$c bift la trong bdi canh (hue hien chucmg trinh giao due phd thong 20IK mdi co the danh gia dugc Vi v$y trong plum vi nghicn cuu cua de tai lap tiungnghien ciruve cAc bieu hifn tarn ly baogom cam xue va hanh vicua GVTH

I 2.5.4 Cuch thw irng phd v&i stress tun GVTH trong bdi canto fhm hien CTGDPT 2018

Theo Lazarus va Folkman (1984), ung phd la sythay doi nhan thuc vA nd lye cua ca nhan nham phan ung lai vdi hoan canh co nhdng thach thuc ma ci nhan danh gia la vugt qua nguon luc cua ho Vdi dinh nghia neutren, Lazarus va I olkman dA nhan manh den hai veu to la nh^n thuc vA sy no lye cua ca nhan de duemg d.iu vdi cac tinh huong khd khAn/stress Hai tac gia naycho rang cd hai chicn luge ungpho

ca ban; (1) chicn luge ung phd tup trung vao van de (Problem - focused coping/Problem solving strategy): (2) chicn luge irng phd tap trung vao cam xtic (Emotion - focused copmg/Emoluon - focused strategy) Sau cac tac gia tren Roth

• 9

va Cohen (1986) dade xu.it them khai niem irng phd nc tranh (Avoidance coping)Khi clip phai stress giao vien deu cd mong muon thoal khoi chung nen cdnhirngeach ung phd khac nhau Ket qua nghicncirugan day cuacac nha tarn ly hoc

da chung minh ring: Cac yeu to ca nhan anh hurcrng tr\rc tieptdi kha nang ling pho cua co the ddi vdi cac tac nhan gay stress Vi nguon luc ung pho cua moi ca nhan lakhac nhau nen kha nangung phd cua moi canhanvdicac nguyen nhangay ra stress

la kh.it nhau Giao vien tieu hpc si cd cadi vupt qua stress khi hy gap ap luc vi cans thang nhieu dac bict la trong boi canh thuc hicn chucmg trinh giao due phd thong 20IX hicn nay Kin gip phai tinh trung cing thing cdng viyc xay ra nhieugiao vien ung phd bang each: cd gang kirn ncn cam xue tiep tuc lam vice de thayban rpn; nn l|ng khdng ndi chuycn vdi ai; liu dai suy sup, hojc bling nd cau git, gian du vdi hoc sinh va dong nghiep de giai toa cang thang Nhung cung co nhieungudi co each ung pho vdi stress bangeach: tu chieu chuong ban than,di mua sam

ty i(iptin uing, lim dyp ; tinhtarn suynghi ve van de hicu rd nguyen nhan va limgiai phap ndi chuycn vdi ban be ngudi thande dupe chia sc than tho de lint kiem

sy ddng cam: hdi y kicn mpi ngudi dd tint giai phap ho$c vict tarn sy len mung xA hpi vict nhat ki lam thdi ngirng cdng vice va quay trd lai khi on him; hoac xin nghi vi§c, tim kiem mot cdng vi^c khac De cd the ungphd vdi stress, tnrdc tien giio vien lieu hoc can phai hicurdvebanchat, nguyen nhan vi hy qua cua stress Tu dd chinh giao vien si cd each nhin nhan va thay ddi nhung nguyen nhan gay stress,hole tham chi IA thay ddi mdi quan hy giua giaovien vdi chinh nhung tie nhan ddthong quahanhddng true tiep hay tu minhhoQt ddng giaiquyet van de

Giao vien tieu hpc can lira chpn each ungpho phu hyp vdi nhdng s\r kiyn kliAc nhau gay stress de ung phd vdi stress hi?u qua Viyc ung phd vdi stress cua giaovien tieu hpc hudng vao viec tang cudng ndi lire cua ban than va thich nghi vdi ho.'in canh si co tinh kha thi him Vdi cdng vi$c cua gido vien tieu hoc doi hoi sy can than, tap trung, sir da dang nhieu hoat dong, linh hoat khco Ico, vdi dieu kicnlim viyc phai quan ly nhieu ire va n$ng ve hojt dong dayhpc de lio ncn nhttng cang thangtrongquatrinh lamvice Tam lyva cam xue trong khi lam vice cua giaovien anil huong tnrdc tiep den chat lupng ilyy hpc cua GVTH Chinh vi v|y neu muc do stress cdng vice d mire do cao ngoai anh hudng den sue khoc cua chinhgiao vien, nhung cam xue met mdi ting thing cua giio vien si tie ddng den nhdng hpc sinh khac va th.im chi co the co nhung hanh vi thieu kiem scat gay ton hai den

tre Vahau qua xau de lai ladieu khong ai mong mudn giao vien bi tru luong, duoi vipc, th^m chi co su can thicp cua phap lupt nhirng dua tre bj ton thuong tam ly.than the va nha truong bi quv ket trach nhicm mat uy tin, Chinh vi vay can danhgii dupe muc dp stress cua GVTH.de dua ra nhirng giai phdp nhJm han die dupenhung anh hudng xau do stress dem lai Cd nhicu each phan loai chicn luoc img phbphy thuuc vao dot tuqmg nghien ciru cua lung tac gia Bdi ung pho Idsy dap lyi cua con nguoi tnrdc mot tinh hudng nhat dinh ncn ndrat da dang Cd the thay cd ratnhieu each ung pho khac nhau tiiy ihudc vao each tiep can cua nha nghien ciru nta

hp phan loai each ung pho thco ticu chi hp de ra Tir nhung diem chung trong caceach ung pho dune neu tren day va trong gidi hyn nghien cuu cua de tai nay.chungtbicd the dua ru hai ciiuh there imgphd: Ung pho tich eye chu dpng vd img phb nd tranh

Cdchthuc img phd “tich eyechudong": Ca nhansu dyng kidu umg phd nay sfi giup suy nghi ve cac van de gay ncn stress trong cuoc song va hoyt dong nghcnghipp d hp, quyet tam vum qua stress, len ke liopch giai quyet giai quyet vande vatrue tiep giai quyet van de xay ra Dieu nay the hipn b vice GVTH tich eye hoat dong, thu thap xu ly thong tin, giai quyet cdc van de ma nhipm vu nghc nghiep ddt

ra cho hp, dong thvi l$p ke hoych xacdinh mpc ticu, phuong phdp, cdch chuc tu dd

to chuc tot cac hoyt dong nghc nghigpcua minh Cac hoat dongco the ke den nhu

Cd ging khong suy nghi ve syvipcvi typ trungcong viyc tnrdc; Viet vd nhOmg edm xue cua chinh minh (nhyt ky facebook, blog ); Ke cho mpi ngudi tint kiem sychia se vd dong cam; Tim non naodd thir gian de nghi ve cam nhan cua chinh minh;

Suy nghi nhicu Ianve nhung van de xay ra

Cdch thuc img phd ”ne tranh": Kicu ung phd nay, GVTH thubng tranh suynghi den van de Nd baogdm vicephdt lb xcmdo khong phai Id vice cua minh.gidi

quyet van de bang tubng nrcm g thay cho thyc hicn trong thuc te Cac chicn thuat phb bien cua kicu ung phd nay la su dyng cac chat kich thich; tranh noi ve van de khd khan: phu nhan sy ton tai cua van de: do Ibi: ty trach ban than; gift khoang each vdi tinh hudng khd klidnstress; dau tu thdi gian va sire lye qua mire (nghicn) vao cac hoyt dpng nhu chai game, the hicn su tire gian cua minh len ngubi khac Cac

each thirc ma giaovien thyc hien nhu: Thu minh tong to cd lap ban than, chi muon

vi m^o hiem cho ban than va ngutfi sungquanh; Dung cac chat gay nghicn (rupu.bia thuoc la, cac loai thuoc an than;Tam then ngimg lam vice va quay tro lai khi onhan; Xin ngln vi$c.tim kient congvipc a noi khac

1.3 Mot so dac diem cua giao vien ticu hoc

1.3.1 itoc diem cong viyc cua giao vien ticu hoc

Theo Dieu 27 Dieu le tnrcmg ticu hoc ban hanh kem Thong tu 28/2020TT- BGDDT giao vien tieu hoc la nhirng ngudi "chiu track nhiem ve thuc hicn nlucm

vp chuyfin mon (n<»i dung, phiromg phap giao due kiem tra danh gia hoc sinh) vi chat lupng hieuquagiaodue tong hoc sinh cua lop minh phy trach** Trong ihuc le htpn nay.phan hm giaovton ticu hpc la ngudi vira day cic bp mdn, vua LA giaovienchu nhiem, quan ly true tiep toan dicnhoc sinh cua Idp minh phu trach, chiu trach nhi$m ve chucmg trinh giang dyv, phoi hop vdi cac giao vien ndng khieu Ineu cd) Ngoai ra GVTH con phai luon luvn hpc tap bdi dudng nang cao trinh dp de dat vavugt chuan do Bo Giao due va Dao tpo quy dinh

GVTH cd vai trd dac bi$t quan trong trong vice cung cap kicn thuc nen chohoc sinh d cap hocdau ticn Degiup hpc sinh co nhung budc dau vc su hinh thanh

ky nang nrduy, GV I II pltoi cd ky nangsu ph?m Phuong phap giang d^y moi, tich cue tpo chohpcsinh s\r nangdpng hung thu thich timtoi cai mditrongcupc song.Thong tu 08/2023/TT-HGDDI quy dinh yeu cau cong vi^c GVTII

Nflm dupe chu truong duong loi chinh sach phap lugt cua Dang Nha nude, quy dinh va yeu cau cua nganh dia phiromg ve giao due ticu hoc va trien khai thircliiyn vao cac nhipm vq dupe giao; Thuc hicn giang day giao dye bao dam chatkrone theo chucmg trinh giao due kc hoach giaodue cua nha tnrbng; Phoi hop vdi dong nghiyp cha my hpc sinh va ciing dong de nang tao hieuqua giao dye cho hpc sinh: Thuong xuyen tu hoc, tu bdi dudng de phat trien nang lire chuycn mon banthan, biet ap dpng cac ket qua nghien cuu khoa hoc su phqm irng dpng vao thuc legiangday giao due: hircmgdanhoc sinh tu tom dupe do dungdayhpc