Duy Tan University Hospitality & Tourism Institute Topic: “Leisure Behaviors of children at Hoa Mai Orphanage” *** Class: PSU MKT 424 DIS Group: PLUM OPHANS Mentors: MARIA YOUNGHEE LEE Team members and % contribution NAME STUDENT CODE % CONTRIBUTION Nguyễn Thị Ly 0285 100% Lê Cẩm Ly Ly 1348 95% Thái Quang Vinh 5704 Nguyễn Việt Hoàng 5182 Nguyễn Đắc Gia Huy 6404 Nguyễn Đình Huấn 1843 I ABSTRACT: Leisure activities at the orphanage play an important role in the development of orphans The article is based on research on 35 children aged >8 - 15 years old living at Hoa Mai Orphanage, Da Nang City Using qualitative methods, structured interviews, and semistructured interviews with related subjects, the research results describe recreational activities and recreational needs as well as the relationship between leisure needs and life satisfaction of children in orphanages Besides, the article also discusses the benefits and limitations that still exist with children in the process of playing in the study area From there, make some suggestions to improve the quality of play at the orphanage for children II INTRODUCTIONS: Leisure means engaging in physically and mentally beneficial activities outside of work, being able to temporarily get rid of the constraints of work, and then achieving the goals of physical growth and relaxation mind People can gain physical, social, relaxation, educational, psychological and aesthetic benefits through participation in recreational activities (Bammel, G and Burrus-Bammel, L.L.) 1992) Leisure and Human Behavior; Recreation can also enhance personal and social support and is effectively used to regulate work and life pressures, especially the social support provided by social recreation can help individuals Effectively regulate stress and maintain health (Coleman, D and ISO-Ahola, S.E (1993) Recreation and Health: The Role of Social Support and Self-Determination, Journal of Research Leisure Studies, 25, 111-128) However, ISO-Ahola and Weissinger have shown that if an individual interferes with recreational activities and causes frustration, this leads to the individual becoming physically and mentally dissatisfied which will affect recreational and motivational activities (ISO-Ahola, S.E And Weissinger, E (1987) Leisure and Boredom, Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 5, 356364) Entertainment is always associated with the development and enhancement of life, both in social and personal forms Entertainment is also one of the essential needs, playing an important role in the comprehensive development of children, helping children interact with the surrounding environment, and creating positive mental effects Studies show that children's play activities not simply satisfy the needs of their age, but have an important effect on supporting brain development, helping children form social communication skills [10] In addition, recreational activities also contribute to improving children's physical and positive emotions [11] Social development entails many forms of entertainment, providing children with different opportunities for play and experiences And have you ever asked the question, will the lives of orphans living in orphanages go up or down if society develops? For children, especially those who live and grow up in orphanages with the pressure of life and study taking up most of their time, leisure activities are not only a need but also bring many physical and mental benefits When play needs are not met, children will have limited opportunities to develop physical, intellectual, and social skills, and even face adverse effects on mental development Without a play space, children will seriously lose flexibility, and language development is not favorable, so children will be shy, find it difficult to socialize, and have irritable and depressed expressions due to being too cramped and it may be difficult to adapt to life in the future [12] In orphanages, children who are not cared for are often involved in pickpockets, and engaging in criminal and anti-social activities Very little research has been done on orphans' recreational needs, discussing recreational needs, recreational participation, recreational obstacles, etc Our research aims to discuss this topic and find out how to meet their needs and how to treat orphans This study takes the subjects of children living in Hoa Mai orphanage, analyzes the current situation of entertainment needs, recreational activities, and obstacles in recreation, and discusses the relationship between them II.1 Study aims: Research leisure activities and leisure needs as well as the relationship between leisure actiivities and life satisfaction of children in orphanages In addition, learn the benefits and limitations that still exist with children in the process of playing at the orphanage to offer solutions to improve and improve the quality of life for the children II.2 Object and scope of the study: II.2.1 Research subjects: Children who have no family or refuge and are living in Hoa Mai orphanage II.2.2 Research area: Hoa Mai orphanage II.3 Objectives of the study: (1) What is the leisure needs of orphans living at Hoa Mai Orphanage? (2) What is the leisure activities of orphans living at Hoa Mai Orphanage? (3) What is the relationship between leisure activities and life satisfaction? III LITERATURE REVIEW: III.1 Homeless children: The Law on Protection, Care, and Education of Children, amended in 2004 stipulates that orphans are understood as children with the following circumstances: - Orphaned by parents or abandoned, deprived of nourishment, and not close relatives (grandfather, grandmother, grandmother; legally adopted father and mother; brother, sister) to rely on - Orphaned father or mother but the other person (mother or father) is missing provisions of the Civil Code or is not capable or capable of raising (such as severely disabled, serving a prison sentence in a re-education camp), has no source of support and no relatives to rely on According to the Law on Adoption promulgated in 2010, then: Children whose biological parents have died or one has died and the other is unidentified an orphans In the scope of the study, we determined that orphans: Children under 16 years old have the following circumstances: both parents are dead, or the father or mother is dead; both parents or the father or mother has disappeared under the provisions of the Civil Law (including natural father and mother; legally adopted father and mother) III.2 Leisure needs: Perhaps the most important concept in the field of recreational studies is leisure needs We could even argue that "in a way, the future of the entire field of leisure studies as well as the recreation profession depends on the construct of leisure need That is, if it could not be shown that people have a need for leisure and recreation, professionals and practitioners might as well give up and begin searching for new jobs." (ISO-Ahola, 1980, p 227) The aim of this study was not to try to prove that people have such a need, but to examine the psychological underpinnings of this concept The need for entertainment (or recreation) is here referred to as the perceived reason for engaging in a variety of activities Lavery (P 1975) has shown that recreational needs can be divided into categories: (1) actual needs, (2) extended needs, and (3) latent needs: (1) Refers to the need that people are willing and actually able to achieve, that is, recreational activities that can be directly engaged in the present (2) Is the current readiness and ability, but due to lack of facilities or participating knowledge, it cannot meet the demand for participating in recreational activities (3) Referring to the current need, but not being able to meet the need, indicating the current inability to participate, only after improving personal barriers, can only participate in activities entertainment action Analyzing the relevant aspects of entertainment needs will allow you to understand the factors that influence individual entertainment needs Zhang and Gao point out that leisure needs refer to individuals engaging in recreational activities to satisfy various internal and external needs (Zhang, X.M and Gao, J.X (2001)) And through the implementation of activities, promote individuals acquire knowledge, social communication, self-efficacy, material, and spiritual needs III.3 Leisure activities: Leisure is regarded as the time given to freely chosen activities performed when not involved in self-care or work and should result in satisfaction, mastery motivation, selfefficacy, and commitment to the activity (Jacobs & Jacobs, 2001) The term “leisure,” referring to leisure and recreational activities, is used for consistency in this systematic review Leisure activities are understood as recreational activities, popular with young people These activities take place in free time such as playing games, watching TV, watching cartoons, listening to music, playing sports The purpose of leisure activities is to help the subject relax and reduce stress and create peace of mind III.4 Life satisfactions: Human happiness is assessed through the life satisfaction index (L N Van, Happiness of Vietnamese, General Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 2019) That is to say, life satisfaction is one of the goals of each individual According to Shin and Jonson (1978), life satisfaction is "a comprehensive self-assessment of a person's quality of life in relation to the criteria that one chooses" (D C Shin, D M Johnson, Avowed Happiness as an Overall Assessment of Life, Social Indicators Research, Vol 5, 1978, pp 478.) With this same concept, Diener et al Said that life satisfaction is "an overall assessment of an individual's quality of life-based on his or her own criteria" Another view also shows that "life satisfaction is the satisfaction or acceptance of living conditions or the satisfaction of needs and wants about life in general" (N T X Mai, Measurement of Satisfaction with Life, 2021) Thus, life satisfaction is understood as an individual's self-comparison between what is achieved with his or her set of criteria and satisfaction with those criteria in a specific context IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES: IV.1 Quanlitative research (In-depth interview method): Quantitative research methods have been used a lot in research articles on people's recreational needs or recreational activities However, to use this method we need to have a large amount of data (n>200) but at Hoa Mai Orphanage we only have about 30-35 children, the use of the quantitative research method is very difficult Furthermore, quantitative research methods tend to be quite limited to understanding complex phenomena such as the relationship between leisure activities and the life satisfaction of the child living in an orphanage Therefore, qualitative research method is used in this study From the analysis results of leisure needs and rleisure activities leading to life satisfaction, the topic proposes some solutions for orphanages to improve the quality of life of orphans IV.2 Questionaire survey: CONSULTATION COLLECTION Hi, I am a university student majoring in Tourism, Faculty of Tourism - Duy Tan University Currently conducting research on children's life satisfaction at Hoa Mai Nurturing Center Please Document continues below Discover more Nghiệp Vụ Xuất from: Nhập Khẩu IB 404 L Trường Đại Học… 96 documents Go to course Hoàn Thiện Quy 85 Trình Giao Nhận… Nghiệp Vụ Xuất Nhậ… 100% (6) 1-2 ĐẠI CƯƠNG GPR 15 - THUẬT NGỮ Nghiệp Vụ Xuất Nhậ… 100% (5) CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP 18 160 TOU 404 BẢN Chính Nghiệp Vụ Xuất Nhậ… 100% (2) GT MTH102 Giáo trình Tốn cao cấp… Nghiệp Vụ Xuất Nhậ… 80% (5) Khóa Luận Hoạt 88 Động Xúc Tiến… Nghiệp Vụ Xuất Nhậ… 80% (5) vụinformation bàn - Lí tell me some information about you and your life at Hoa Mai OrphanageNghiệp Center The you provide to me will be kept confidential and used for research purposes only thuyết Please circle (X) the answer that you think is correct! Nghiệp Vụ Xuất Nhậ… A GENERAL INFORMATION: 1.1.First and last name: 1.2.Age: < year old – 11 year old 12 – 15 year old    >15 year old  1.3.Gender: Male  Female  Other  1.4 Number of years living at the Center (up to the time you answered this questionnaire): 5 years  B YOUR LEISURE ACTIVITIES: How often you the following activities per a month? (1) Never (2) Seldom (3) Sometimes (4) Frequent *) Movement activities Shuttlecock kicking ( ) Play football ( ) Play badminton ( ) Folk games ( ) Self-organized game activities ( ) *) Skills and Aptitude Activities Skill game ( Reading book ( ) ) Singing and dancing ( ) Watching TV, music, cartoons ( Exhibitions, museums ( ) ) 100% (1) C YOUR GENERAL LEISURE SATIFACTION: Agree Disagree - Leisure activities help me increase my creativity   - Leisure activities help children learn new things   Benefits of recreational activities: - Leisure activities help me participate in many new games   - Leisure activities help me make new friends   - Leisure activities help me increase mobility   - Leisure activities help me relax   D YOUR LIFE SATISFACTION: How satisfied are you at present with your life as a whole? very unhappy  unhappy  neutral  happy  very happy  Interviews were conducted mainly in Vietnamese Interviews were recorded We acted as the research team and jointly designed the process, guided the interviewers, and were closely involved in the data analysis process V RESULT: V.1 Data analysis: Statistics after interviews, children living at Hoa Mai Orphanage have different gender, ages, and years of living (Table 1) In terms of gender, the number of male is less than that of female (men 45.7% and women 54.3%) In terms of age, there are children under years old (5.7%), from 8-11 years old there are 13 children (37.1%), 12 children from 12-15 years old (37.1% accounting for 34.3%) and over 15 years old, there were children (22.9%) Thus, the age group from 8-15 years old accounted for the majority.In terms of years of living at Hoa Mai Orphanage, there were children under year (5.7) %), have children in 1-2 years (20%), children in years (11.4%) years with children (14.3%) and 14 children after living for more than years (40%) Thus, most children living over years make up a large number of Hoa Mai Orphanages Research results show that there is a difference between the level of participation in motor activities and skills and aptitude activities Specifically, free play activities are considered popular accounting for 44%, in addition, other sports activities such as football have the rate of 37.3%, football has the rate of 37.3% 30.7% are also frequently chosen by children Besides, folk games even though they don't carry on a regular basis, but children also have access to and participation in orphanages In addition to games for physical and motor development, children in the study area also participate in other recreational activities related to skills and aptitude development Children participate in skill games at frequency regular rate accounted for 13.3% and sometimes 33.3%; reading activities at the community copper is also quite common, accounting for 23% However, the opportunity to watch music programs or the exhibition of paintings is still very limited when more than 50% of children said they have never had access to these forms Chart Movement activities: Shuttlecock kicking Play football Play badminton Folk games Self-organized game activities 0% Frequent Sometimes 50% Seldom 100% Never Chart Skills and Aptitude Activities: Skill game Reading book Singing and dancing Watching TV, music, cartoons Exhibitions, museums Frequent Sometimes Seldom Never Analyzing the recreational activities of children at the orphanage, gender is an important factor in the selection of games Specifically, the observed results showed a difference between male and female children Chart Choosing entertainment activities at the orphanage by gender: For physical activities, boys tend to play more often, such as soccer with 91.3%, badminton with 64.3% Skill activities have a 50% similarity of choice for both boys and girls Meanwhile, female children choose to participate in gifted activities when playing in the community more Up to 83.3% of female children regularly participate in singing, dancing, reading, and newspaper activities, accounting for 77.8% V.2 General leisure satisfaction: At the orphanage, there are many different ages, and leisure activities for children gradually become a subjective activity motion and purpose The child is starting and already has a sense of and appreciation for the benefits of the activities he or she is doing to join the fun Increase creativity Learn something new Join many new games Make a new friend Increase mobility Mental comfort Agree Disagree Chart Evaluate the benefits of recreational activities at the children's orphanage According to the children's assessment, 84% said that participating in recreational activities in the young community participating in many new games, and learning new things, and 78.7% said they can be creative games to your liking Besides, 68% of the reviews are getting to know new friends and 64% of children found that playing activities in the community also made them feel good roof, positive V.3 Life satisfations: Table LS of child When we asked about life satisfaction, almost none of the children answered that they were not satisfied, the answers ranged from "neutral" to "very happy" The number of children who feel normal with life has 10 children (28.6%), feel happy and very happy have 25 children (71.4%) From the above data, we can see that life at Hoa Mai Orphanage makes the children feel happy and very satisfied V.2 The relationship between leisure activities and life satisfaction: Half of the children polled tend to enjoy participating in leisure activities and feel happier with it The children interviewed did not complain too much about their lives, they readily expressed their need to participate in leisure activities and showed interest, while the children participated less in leisure activities always in an unhappy state and seems quite closed This proves that if children are not satisfied with their leisure needs, they will become introverted and avoid communication One child between the ages of 11 and 15 who responded mentioned: “I really enjoy participating in entertainment activities organized by Hoa Mai Orphanage and I am also willing to participate in games and activities that visitors to the orphanage bring I feel very happy and those leisure activities help me relieve fatigue.” Another child over the age of 15 also responded to the interview: “Every weekend, I will often participate in reading books to expand my knowledge I've been doing it over and over for a long time and if I don't read every weekend I'll feel very uncomfortable and angry I think reading is my favorite leisure activity.” From the two responses of two different ages, we can see that their leisure needs are different, but they have a relationship: if children are satisfied with their leisure needs, they will feel happy and comfortable More than half of the children surveyed expressed an enthusiastic attitude when they talked about the recreational activities they participated in every day, every week and every month We got very interesting responses from kids of the same age 11-15 years old as follows: “I will become tired and autistic if the orphanage doesn't let me play sports with my friends I really like playing football and learning English, but here only lets me study English day a week, so I hope I will learn more in the future and I'm really happy if that's what I want come true.” “It's so much fun here, every afternoon I get to play soccer with my friends, I laugh a lot and I feel like I'm only happy when I can participate in such a game On weekends, the brothers and sisters outside to visit us also organize to cook for us I feel very happy living here.” The children's interview responses were very reasonable When living in an orphanage, if the teachers not care and meet the leisure needs of the children, they will easily become spoiled and have bad actions But most of the children have their leisure needs met, that's why they are always smiling, obedient and happy when living at Hoa Mai Orphanage VI DISCUSSION: An overall study of 35 children at Hoa Mai Orphanage, Da Nang shows a partial picture of children's leisure activities and leisure needs in the community Floating on the contrary, leisure activities have differences in gender between men and women Compared with male children, who mainly engage in group movement games, female children tend to choose activities that have rich content such as free games, and folk games Research results of author Le Van Be Hai's (2015) research on the status of leisure activities of primary school students in schools in the inner district of Ho Chi Minh City previously affirmed that 100% of children have leisure needs and at the same time presented remarkable research results and concerns about the fact that up to 82.11% of children often choose this form of entertainment non-active mind, of which 66.48% have access to forms of entertainment by electronic technology and only 17.89% choose a form of entertainment by movement [9] This is quite common in the context of the development of urbanization, children's playtime, and space in the city shrinking as it is today With research on the leisure activities of children at Hoa Mai orphanage, Da Nang City, it has been shown that most children in the study area need leisure at a very high level, namely participating in leisure activities with a regular frequency often However, these activities are in fact mostly organized by children themselves to the form of the game is not diverse and rich According to the assessment of the staff in charge of child care and protection in the locality, the activities organized for children, specifically in the Tet program Children, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Spring love are mainly on gift giving and reward distribution, not focusing much on activities to meet children's leisure needs This is an important result to promote the responsibility of Hoa Mai Orphanage, caregivers and child care organizations in orienting the development of leisure activities and rich and diverse play experiences, meet the leisure and movement needs of children in the community However, within the scope of the study focus on leisure activities in the community, the author has not assessed and compared the level of children's participation in active and inactive leisure activities at home and in school and entertainment facilities In Hoa Mai Orphanage, children not consider playing mobile phones or playing games with electronic devices as entertainment Their leisure activities are very familiar and they almost repeat in their free time every day This is perfectly reasonable because, in orphanages, their development conditions not allow them to be in contact with electronic devices all day long More than half of the children interviewed feel happy at the moment because their needs are met, and they are engaged in leisure activities that they enjoy (Andrew 1974) Without demanding luxuries like other children, the children living in Hoa Mai Orphans have a very optimistic view and they know how to accept their living environment so that they can have an objective feeling of being happy and satisfied with the current living environment (Sousa & Lyubomirsky 2001) Very importantly, not a single child complains about the environment they live in, they all feel about the place with an average scale of "Satisfied" With that scale, we find that they are completely satisfied with what the orphanage has to offer (Praage et al 2003) All of the above aspects affect the satisfaction with the overall life as well as the life satisfaction of the orphans at Hoa Mai Orphanage Overall, overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with life aspects are closely related (Veenhoven, 1996; Pavot & Diener, 2008) VII CONCLUSION: References: [1] Bammel, G and Burrus-Bammel, L.L (1992) Leisure and Human Behavior Times Mirror Higher Education Group Return to text [2] Coleman, D and Iso-Ahola, S.E (1993) Leisure and Health: The Role of Social Support and Self-Determination Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 111-128 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1993.11969913 [3] Godbey, G (1994) Leisure in Your Life: An Exploration 4th Edition, Venture Publishing, Inc., State College [4] Zhang, X.M and Gao, J.X (2001) Research on the Relationship between Leisure Demand and Leisure Obstruction—Empirically among the Residents of Changhua City Journal of Physical Education, 30, 143-152 [5] L N Van, Happiness of Vietnamese, General Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 2019 (in Vietnamese) [6] D C Shin, D M Johnson, Avowed Happiness as an Overall Assessment of Life, Social Indicators Research, Vol 5, 1978, pp 478 [7] E Diener, R A Emmons, R J Larsen, S Griffin, The Satisfaction with Life Scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol 49, 1985, pp 71-75 [8] N T X Mai, Measurement of Satisfaction with Life, http://consosukien.vn/do-luong-suhai-longvoi-cuoc-song.htm/, 2021 (accessed on: February 16th , 2021) (in Vietnamese) [9] Le Van Be Hai (2015), Research on the physical development of primary school students under the author activities of recreational activities in the inner districts of Ho Chi Minh City University School of physical education and sports in Ho Chi Minh City [10] Thanh Tung (2004), Play - Factors affecting the brain development of children, https://nhandan.com.vn/tin-tuc-xa-hoi/vui-choi-yeu-to-anh-huong-quan-trong-den-su-phattrien-trinao-cua-tre-465257/ [11] Hai Ba Trung Education System (2020), The importance of play for children, http://hbt.edu.vn/truonghbt/blog-chia-se/tam-quan-trong-cua-vui-choi-doi-voi-tre-emn472.html [12] Dan Tri (2007), "Does Mommy have to watch TV again?", https://dantri.com.vn/Giaoduc-huongnghiep/me-oi-lai-phai-xem-tv-a-1186292839.htm