Passive voice Passive voice C©u bÞ ®éng C©u bÞ ®éng ®îc sö dông nh»m ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh vµo hµnh ®éng cña t©n ng÷ chø kh«ng nhÊn m¹nh vµo hµnh ®éng cña chñ ng÷ trong c©u chñ ®éng be + P2 Ph ¬ng ph¸p chuyÓn[.]
Passive voice Câu bị động Câu bị động đợc sử dụng nhằm để nhấn mạnh vào hành động tân ngữ không nhấn mạnh vào hành động chủ ngữ câu chủ động be + P2 Phơng pháp chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động - Đa tân ngữ câu chủ động lên làm chủ ngữ Trong trờng hợp có tân ngữ ( trực tiếp, gián tiếp), muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ ngời ta đa lên làm chủ ngữ ( nhng thòng tân ngữ gián tiếp làm chủ ngữ) Ví dụ: I gave him a book hay I gave a book to him Trong c©u book tân ngữ trực tiếp, him tân ngữ gián tiếp, ta đổi: He was given a book by me - Thời động từ câu bị động phải tuân theo thời động từ câu chủ động - Đặt by + tân ngữ đằng sau tất tân ngữ khác - to be made, to be made of đợc làm - vật đợc làm thứ nguyên vật liệu This table is made of wood - to be made from: đợc làm - vật đợc làm b»ng thø nguyªn vËt liƯu trë lªn - to be made out of: đợc làm ( dùng cho thùc phÈm) This cake is made out of flour, egg, butter and sugar - Mọi biến đổi thời thể nhằm vào động từ to be, phân từ giữ nguyên (xem công thức dới đây.) Simple present hay simple past am is are + [verb in past participle] was were present progressive hay Past progressive am is are + being + [verb in past participle] was were present perfect hay Past perfect has have + been + [verb in past participle] had §éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu (modals) modal + be + [ verb in past participle] modal + perfect modal + have + been + [ verb in past participle] Modals: will/would/can/could/must/might/shall Cấu trúc đặc biÖt: Active Get someone to something Have someone something (Thuê/nhờ làm gì) Need to something Passive infinitive/V-ing form Passive Get/have something done by someone (Causative form) Need to be +PII = Need + Ving To be + PII / Being + PII Practice I Change the following sentences into passive voice They are sending him abroad on business ……………………………………………………………………………………………… You must your homework before class ………………………………………………………………………………………………… He has just sent me a greeting card ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Did people see the thieves run past the shop? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… They don’t let workers use the office phone for personal calls ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They say that she is the best singer in town …………………………………………………………………………………………… Nobody used this room for ages ………………………………………………………………………………………………… You must clean the wall before you paint it ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Don’t speak until someone asks you ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Tom broke the chair and the teacher punished him severely ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Previous climber had cut steps in the ice ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 You use this room only on special occasions ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 No one can anything unless someone gives us more information …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 The organizer will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Someone has already told him to report for duty at six ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 A jellyfish stung her ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Who wrote it? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 The author has a written a special edition for children ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 They make these artificial flowers of silk ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 Students are doing a lot of the work …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 They gave her a clock …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 People must not leave bicycles in the hall …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 We will not admit children under sixteen …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 The Minister is to give a speech tomorrow …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 Some one should have cleaned the windows yesterday …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 They have been building the bridge for month …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 Someone had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30 The manager should sign these contracts today ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 They can’t make tea with cold water ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 The chief engineer was instructing all the works of the plant ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 Somebody has taken some of my books away …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 They will hold the meeting before May Day ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35 They have to repair the engine of the car …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 People send a lot of money …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 The teacher is going to tell a story …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39 Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40 The children looked at the women with a red hat ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… II Turn into active voice This school was built 30 years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The results of the contest are going to be announced ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The patients were examined by the doctor …………………………………………………………………………………………… The books are arranged into sections by the librarian …………………………………………………………………………………………… She has had some tea made by Ann ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Nothing had been found before the police arrived ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Nam was said to be a clever pupil ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Has the work been finished by Tom? …………………………………………………………………………………………… How was the lost man found by the police? …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 This room may be used for the classroom …………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 This speed limit is to be introduced gradually ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Evening dress will be won ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Someone will have to be found to take her place ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 My paintings are to be exhibited for the first time by New Arts Gallery ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 You money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 The runways are being lengthened at all the main airport ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 This door must be kept shut ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 The damaged ship was being towed into harbor when the towline broke ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 It is a m and most of the hospitals in the country patients are being wakened with cups of tea …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 This rumor must have been started by our opponents …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 The blackboard needs to be cleaned ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 The boy was punished by the teacher ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 These exercises were done well ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 This dress must be washed in cold water ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 No mistakes have been made in his composition ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 This house was built 100 years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 These artificial flowers are made of silk ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 The lessons are being written by the students now ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 This job has to be done at once ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30 These animals at the zoo are fed twice a day ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 The operation is going to be performed by French doctor ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 All these arrangements have been made …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 When was this radio manufactured? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 They couldn’t be found anywhere ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35 It is believed that red is the symbol of luck ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts gallery ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 Please wait here while your luggage is being examined ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 For a long time the earth was believed to be flat ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39 Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teacher? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40 The jewelry must have been stolen while she was out ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… III Choose the best word, phrase or sentence “He got a terrible punishment from his father” means ………… a He punished terribly from his father b He was terribly punished by his father c His father has got a terrible punishment from him d a, b, and c People say that playing football is the most interesting a The interesting thing is playing football b It was said that play football is the most interesting c It is said that playing football was the most interesting d Playing football is said to be the most interesting Oil lamps ……… for years before electricity was discovered a had used b has been used c are used d had been used “They will build a new hospital in our town” means………… a A new hospital will be built in our town b Our town will build a new hospital c A new hospital is built in our town d Our town will be built a new hospital “The laser beam can remove bone” means …………… a They can remove the laser beam b Bone can be removed by the laser beam c Bone can remove the laser beam d Bone can be remove by the laser beam “She is said to be 40 years old” means ……………… a She said she’s about 40 years old b She was told not to be over 40 c It is said that she is 40 years old d People guessed she was not 40 They had to postpone the football match because of the rain a The football match had to be postponed because of the rain b The football match had been postponed because of the rain c The football match had been to be postponed because of the rain d The football match had postponed because of the rain No one has used this machine for months a This machine has been used for years by anyone b This machine has not been used for years c This machine has not to be used for years d This machine has not used for years They are building a bridge across that river a A bridge are built across that river b A bridge is built across that river c A bridge is being builted across that river d A bridge is being built across that river 10 You can not watch this dress, you must dry- clean it a This dress can not being washed, it must being dry – cleaned it b This dress can not washed, it must dry – cleaned c This dress can not be washed, it must be dry – cleaned d All are correct IV Write another sentence with the same meaning It is said that many people are homeless after the floods Many people …………………………………………………………………………… It is known that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law The Prime Minister …………………………………………………………………… It is expected that the government will lose election The government ………………………………………………………………………… It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall The prisoner ……………………………………………………………………………… It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window The thieves ……………………………………………………………………………… It is alleged that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour He ……………………………………………………………………………………… He is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident Two people ……………………………………………………………………………………… It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion Three men ………………………………………………………………………………………… It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York The wanted man ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 It is said that he is 108 years old He ……………………………………………………………………………………………… V Change the following sentences into passive voice: It is said that / he is said to …… People say that Nam is very rich ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that he has children ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that he sleeps on a bed of nails ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that he won a lot of money gambling ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that he writes poetry ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning books ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that Mary eats ten eggs a day ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that the strike will begin tomorrow …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… People say that two people were killed in the explosion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 People say that he stole $ 60 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 People suppose that he stole $ 100 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 People said that he had written poetry ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 People believe that 13 is an unlucky number ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 They declared that she won the competition ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 They know that English is an international language ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… VI Wh – question / Yes /No question Why didn’t they help him? ……………………………………………………………………… How many games has the team played? ……………………………………………………… Where people speak English? ……………………………………………………………… Who are they keeping in the kitchen? ……………………………………………………………… How can they open this safe? ……………………………………………………………………… What books are people reading this year? ……………………………………………………… How did the police find the lost man? ……………………………………………………………… Who looked after the children for you? ……………………………………………………… How long have they waited for the doctor? …………………………………………………… 10 What time can the boys hand in their paper? ……………………………………………………… 11 Do they teach English here? ……………………………………………………………………… 12 Will you invite her to your wedding party? ……………………………………………………… 13 Did the teacher give some exercises? ……………………………………………………… 14 Is she going to write a poem? ……………………………………………………………… 15 Have they changed the window of the laboratory? ……………………………………………… 16 Is she making big cakes for the party? ……………………………………………………… 17 Has Tom finished the work? ……………………………………………………………………… 18 Are the police making inquires about the thief? ……………………………………………… 19 Must we finish the test before ten? ……………………………………………………………… 20 Will buses bring the children home? ……………………………………………………………… VII The causative form [D¹ng trun khiÕn/Sai b¶o] I had someone paint the gate last week …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Someone will have you type the letter for me …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I am going to have Peter wash my car tomorrow …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… They have him tell the story again …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Have you had someone repair your shoes yet? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Does Mrs Green have them carry those books back home? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… They had a boy pick the bag up …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The teacher has just had someone arrange the desks and the chairs …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My mother has the gardener water the flowers every morning …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Doris had her mother buy a new dress for her …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Can you have your brother this work? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 The family had someone paint the house for Tet …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 She had someone translate the document into Vietnamese two days ago …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 I’ll have someone make a new dress …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 You must have someone repair your computer next week …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Homework Turn the following sentences into the passive voice: Mary does some exercises everyday My aunt made a good cake Workers repair the roof of my school The new teacher teaches English Sleepy drivers often cause accidents Monica found the car The lawyer made the decision Did your daughter eat that cake? What plays did Shakespeare write? 10 Her husband didn’t love her 11 Christopher discovered America in 1492 12 Last night, our grandmother told us a very interesting story 13 They have not used this machine for ages 14 They have paid doctors a lot of money 15 Famous engineers have designed the aircraft 16 Have several people just seen the accident? 17 The news has surprised me 18 My friends are making some phone calls in the evening 19 Bad drivers are causing many accidents 20 Alex was preparing that report when I came to see him 21 Waiters and waitresses were serving the customers 22 The President was signing those papers 23 Was Mary helping her mother in the kitchen at that time? 24 They make Honda cars in Japan 25 You must keep your dogs in the garden 26 We will issue the library cards soon 27 We shall have to tow the car to the garage 28 Candidates may not use dictionaries 29 Charles Dickens wrote the famous novel “Oliver Twist” 30 They were discussing an important problem when we came ... someone to something Have someone something (Thuª/nhê làm gì) Need to something Passive infinitive/V-ing form Passive Get/have something done by someone (Causative form) Need to be +PII = Need... +PII = Need + Ving To be + PII / Being + PII Practice I Change the following sentences into passive voice They are sending him abroad on business ……………………………………………………………………………………………… You must... 108 years old He ……………………………………………………………………………………………… V Change the following sentences into passive voice: It is said that / he is said to …… People say that Nam is very rich ………………………………………………………………………………………………