UffUvaHpC SO 5 2013 ^ ^ ^ ^'''''''' ''''fT^ z ^ 23 Phat trien tir duy trud quan hinh tirqng thue day hoat dpng nhan thuic ciia tre mlu giao ThS NGUYEN THI THUY VAN TrUdng Dgi hpe Quing Binh TU duy la mdl hogt[.]
UffUvaHpC SO 5-2013 ^ ^ ^ ^'' 'fT^ z ^ 23 Phat trien tir trud quan hinh tirqng thue day hoat dpng nhan thuic ciia tre mlu giao ThS NGUYEN THI THUY VAN TrUdng Dgi hpe Quing Binh T kinh nghigm de gili quyel nhigm vy mdi Ire 5- tudi, sy phat trien kieu tU IrUc quan- hinh lupng didn mgnh me (mgc du kieu tU da xuat hidn IQ IQa tudi trudc) Trd dung nhQng hanh dpng ben la nhQng hanh dpng vdi hinh tupng de gili quyet nhiem vy tri lue Ndi each khac, nhigm vy tri tue dupc thyc hign blng cac thao tac ben de vdi cac hinh Inh (bieu lupng) ve sy vgl, hinh cac chQc nang ki hieu tupng trung va phIn anh nhQng mdi lien hg eua eac sy vat Nhd cd logi IQ ma Irl cd nang dy kien ket qui eua hanh ddng ben ngoai va Tu tryc quan - sd dd la mQc dp phat triln cao eCia iQ Igp ke hogch hanh dpng dd tn,(c quan hinh lugng Cd t h i ndi lu irye quan - sd DQng ve phuong dien ca the, tU tryc quan hinh tupng dd phat then nhIm dap Qng nhu cau nh^n thUe dang phat la mdl budc phal irien cao hdn lU iryc quan hanh ddng triln mgnh d trd dd ludi - 6, vdi logi tu budc dau nhung Igi Ihap hon tU IrQu lUpng Tu IrUu tupng se trd da nh§n IhQc mang linh khai quat Do vay, cd the ndi khdng Ihe phal Iriln td'l neu thieu eP sd cda nd la su phat trien kieuiuduynay gdp phanday mgnh qua Ihnh phat triln logi d mQc kha cao hai dgng IQ tryc quan hanh ddng va tuduy tuduy cao hon dd la tu irQu tugng (logic), tgo tien dede Iryc quan hinh tugng hinh va phgt triln tu khoa hgc sau Trong tai Ddi vdi Ire eudi ludi mau giao, nhu cau nh^n IhQc lang ligu hudng dan thye hign chUdng trinh cham sdc giao dye len, cd mdt sd linh hudng ihgc tiln Ire phai dung tuduy tryc trd mlu giao - l u l l da neu "Trong doi mdi phuong phap, quan - sd dd mdi giai quyet dupc Day la mpt dgng cua tU didu quan trpng la phli chu y tdt nhigm vy bdi dudng pham tryc quan hinh lupng nhung d mUc eao hdn Tuy tu chat tu tfch eye, ehu dpng, sang Igo eho Ire Cung vdi tryc quan - sd dd van glQ Ifnh chat hinh IQpng song bin IhSn viOc phat Inin tu true quan hinh tupng, giao vien phli chu •y hinh d Irl mau giao lull kieu IQ tryc quan hinh tupng da mat di nhQng chi liet rudm ma chi giQ igi nhQng yeu td chii yeu giup tre phIn anh khai quat sy vgl, nhd sd dd va kich Ihfch cac yeu Id ciia tu logic " Day cung dd ma tre hilu dupe ban chit cua sy vat Tu tryc quan- sd Id mgt ndi dung can ihiel gdp phan lich eye vao qua trinh dd la kieu tu trung gian, qua dp de chuyen lU kieu lu chuin b[ cho IrS vao Idp mpL tryc quan hinh tupng sang kilu lu mdi ve chal- tU logic (tu trUu tupng), I sy PHAT T R I I N T U DUY TRI/C QUAN HINH TU0NG Tren bge thang phat irien tam ly chung thi lu IrQu TR^ LLTA TUOl MAU GIAO tupng (lu logic) cao hon tu tryc quan hinh tugng, tgo Khi tinh chit hogl ddng cang phQc fgp da nly sinh d nang gili cac bai loan vdi pham vi rpng hon va kha nang trd nhCTng nhidm vy mdi ma k i t q u i hanh dpng khong phli la linh hpi idl nhQng In thQc khoa hpe Song vide thue day t r i tn,/cti6pmaiagiantiep, Mudn dgi dugc ket q u i c i n phli Ifnh mau giao sdm chuyen sang finh hgi kieu tu IrQu IQgng la ddn mdi lidn h$ glQa hai hay nhieu hidn IQpng dang diin khdng hpp ly vi b i n than vigc linh hgi se khdng dly dii nlu ddng thdi hay lidn tiep Vi$c gili quylt cac nhi^m vy thieu cP sd vQng chic la nhOng bieu tupng phong phQ vd sy ddi hdi phli chuyin d i n tQ phdp IhQ bdn ngoai sang phep v^t va hign tupng kieu tu tryc quan hinh lupng mang thir thim irong de Mgt khac, phgm vi hogt ddng vdi hidn thyc Igi Hpn nQa, hoan cInh sdng va hogl ddng eiia Ird mlu xung quanh cang md rdng gan lien vdi sy hoan thidn va giao thi nhQng hogl ddng tgm ly dQpc I h l hi^n dQdi dgng hinh phat thin ngdn ngO, eac bieu IQpng, eac kinh nghidm khai tugng (Irong eac logi hinh trd choi, hogt ddng Igo hinh, quat ciia trd cang phong phu T i l ca nhQng dieu dd tgo tri hinh IhQc tU mdi - IQ iryo quan hinh tugng mQa hat, dgc thp, k l ehuydn ) Chfnh vl vdy, c i n phli qugn Ei&y la logi tu dya vao cac hinh Inh da dupc tfch luy tam dgc bidt den sy phat trien lu tryc qugn hinh tupng U la mdl hogt dpng lam 1;^ dae trung eiia ngudi, la hgi nhan ciia hogl ddng tri tue Nang lyc lu la ydu td khdng i h l ihieu d l ngudi thyc hien cd hidu q u i cac dgng hogt dpng khac Ddi vdi Ird, tuduy giup cae em ITnh hpi ea ve npi dung (th IhQe, ky nang, ky xlo) tan phUdng thUe ITnh hpi tre IQa tudi mlu giao (dgc bigt la dddtudi 5-6), logi lu chiem uulhedd la tuduy tryc quan - hinh tupng, dd nhidm vy tri tug dgt dugc gili quyel bang eac thao lae ben vdi nhQng hinh Inh tryc quan cCia cIc sy v$t, hidn tupng da tfch luy kinh nghidm, 24 tre mau giao Ii CAC YEU TO ANH HUQNG DEN SL[ PH_AT TRIEN Tl/ DUY TRLTC QUAN HINH TUONG TRE MAU GIAO Sy phat Irien lu tn/c quan hinh lupng cCia Ire mau giao chju Inh hudng eua nhieu yeu td chCi quan va khach quan khac nhau: Trudc hdl la nang tri giac, d l giai quyel cac nhidm vy tu nhQng linh hudng thyc tiln tre can dya vao nhQng lai lieu Ih giac dem lai Nhd In giac va hogl ddng cua tre eung vdi vdn kinh nghidm ma Ire thu nhgn dupe Irong cudc sdng ma bleu lUpng ve sy vat dupc hinh va phal Irien phong phu - dieu kien d l Ihue day sy phal then tu tryc quan hinh tupng, ThU hai, ben cgnh tri giac, ein cd sy tham gia tich eye cCia sy ehu y Do vay Ire nao cd nang Iri giac cd chu dinh va tri su lap trung chu y mdl kholng Ihdi gian nhal djnh thye hien hogl ddng thi ket qua eua hogl ddng dd se cao hon, ThQ ba, cung vdi sy Iham gia cua tri giac va chu y Ihi cac thao lae lu (so sanh, phan lich, tdng hgp, khai quat hoa, tdng hpp hoa,.,) cung cac pham chat cCia nd (Ifnh djnh hudng, tinh linh hogl, tinh mem deo, tinh phd phan, linh ddc lap.,) cung CO vai trd hdl sQc quan ThQlu la yeu id xuc cam, dgc biet ddi vdi tre hogt ddng vui choi va hogl ddng nhan thQc b\ chi phdi nhieu bdi ydu id nay, thyc Id cho Ihay Ire chi chdi va lich eye kham pha d trang thai vui ve, phan khdi, Ihich thu,., ThQ nam la kha nang ngdn ngQ va tQdng IQpng- ngdn ngQ la phUdng lien quan trpng cCia IQ duy, cQng vdi ngdn ngQ thi In ludng tupng phong phu cua Ire la yeu id hd trp vd cung lich eye de Ire lien hanh va I h l hien cac kel q u i cua qua Irinh tU duy, ThQ sau chinh la qua Irinh id chQe cae hogl dpng vui chdi, hgc tap CO chu dich vdi sy da dang, phu hpp, hap d i n ve ndi dung va hinh thQc se lam cho vdn bieu tupng cua tre ve sp vgl trd nen phong phu va chfnh xac hdn kich Ihieh manh me hogl dpng nhgn thQc ndi chung va tU Iryc quan hinh lUpng ndi rieng cho tre dp tudi mlu giao, III MOT SO BIEN PHAP REN LUYEN KHA NANG VS DUY TRIiC QUAN HINH TUONG CHO TRE MAU GIAO De tfch eye thue day sy phal then tu tryc quan hinh tupng cho Ire, can- Ludn gan gui, tim hieu de phat hien va nam bit chinh xac trinh dp phat Irien hien Igi, 'Vung phal trien gin ke" nhan thUc cua ire, IQ dd xay dyng cac ndi dung, hinh IhQc giup tre dung mQe va dung luc, dUa tre vao nhQng tinh hudng ddi hdi sy phan doan, suy lugn, khoi day tiem nang va hudng dan tre tich eye tim kiem, kham pha de hoan ihanh nhiem vy, ddc l$p gai quyel van de bien nhQng liem nang dd trd hien thyc, - Giup tre tfch luy dupe vdn bieu tugng phong phu, da dgng ve cae sy vat, hidn lUpng xung quanh bat dau IQ nhQng sy vat, hien lupng gan gui, quen thude nhat de nhgn biel, tim dgc trung, sy khac biel va mdi lien he giQa chung Ben cgnh dd, can hinh thanh, nudi dudng va phal then d Ire hQng Ihu, mong mudn tim hieu, kham pha ve the gidi xung quanh, - Chu y ren luydn cho tre IQ kha nang lap trung chu y, each quan sal, each sQdyng eac ki hieu, md hinh, hinh Inh, each didn dgt ngdn ngQ , tang cudng dam Ihogi vdi Ird trd tri ia^^ D^}: JHPC giac va thyc hidn cac thao tac tu - Tao mdi trUdng ehdi - hgc - kham pha thyc sy thoai mai, vui vd vdi sy dgng vien, khuyen khich thUdng xuydn, kjp thdi ddi vdi tr&, can chu y den c l qua trinh va ket q u i hogt ddng oLia tre, ghi nhan va khfch Id nhQng ed gang, nd IQc dQ II nhd nhat - Tfch eye khai thac, sUu tam (qua sach bao, tgp chf chuyen de, internet, cac hdi thi, ) ddng thdi, can thyc sy linh hogl, ehu dgng, sang tgo qua trinh thiet ke v l to chQc hogl ddng vui chdi vdi nhQng trd ehdi phQ hpp vdi i r l , vdi ngi dung, ydu cau eua chUOng Irinh cung nhU dieu kipn trudng Idp d l long ghep vao cac hogl dgng, chu diem/chii de - Phdi hdp chat che, thdng nhat giQa giao dye nha trudng va giao dye gia dinh, Thudng xuydn trao ddi, chia se ve kien IhQe, ky nang cham sdc, giao dye tre ndi chung va each ren luyen IQ eho ire ndi rieng Tuy nhien, Irong giao dye (dgc biel la cae bao cha mg) tre can tranh lam ly ndn ndng, vdi vang, ap dgt vi dieu ngy d i n den cang thang eho Ire vdi nhQng lac ddng khdng phu hpp vdi quy lugt phdi then tri tug chung ciia tudi va dac diem ridng eua Ire NhQ vay, phat then IQ true qua hinh tupng cho Ire IQa tudi m l u giao cung chinh la tgo dyng cd sd cho sy phat triln tu logic, ddng thdi gop phan tfch eye tgo tien de can thiet cho viec ITnh hgi nhQng tri IhQc, ky nang, kTxIo va kha nang hpe lap d IrQdng lilu hgc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO I.Donaldson, M (1996), Ho^f oBng ft/dty cua (re em, Tran Trpng Thuy (dich), NXB Giao dye Ha Ndi Nguydn Anh Tuyet- Nguyin Thj NhUMai (2008), Sl/phattnin tam litre em Ida tudi mam non, NXB Giao dye Ha Ngi ChUdng Irinh va HUdng dan thUc hien chUPng trinh cham s6cglaodycmamnon (dd tudi mau giao) Hoc 6\ia vao (Tiep theo trang 16) learning se dupe nhan rpng va phd bien hdn nQa, dilu nly se gdp phan nang cao chal iQpng gilng dgy v l hpe lap tgi eac trudng dgi hpe, cao dang, nhat la Irong bdi cInh hpi nhap, loan cau nhu hidn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] PaulArabasz, IDC Judith A (2003), Supporting E-Leamingin Wig/ierEducaf/on,ResearchSludyfromthe EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research Volume 3,4772 Walnut Street, Suite 206, Bouider, Colorado 80301 [2] MA Tran Mai Uoc (2011;, Using digital textbooks - an essential solution to improve training quality at universities an colleges Workshop on strengthening informalion sen/ies lo support education research in digital age, Vietnam institute of educational sciences, Hanoi [3] www eleaming.com.vn [4].http://vielbao.vnA'i-linh-Vien-thong/E-Learning-o-VietNam/45174106/217/ [5] PGS TS Ly Hoang Anh, ThS Tran Mai Udo (2012) TiSn tdi xiy dUng chUdng trinh dio t^o theo md hinh CDIO cae trUdng dai hgc hign - Budc di cin thiet gop phin nang cao chit lUgng giio dgc dgi hge, Kjf yeu HTKH "Nang cao chat lupng giao dye dgi hpe" IrUdng Dgi hgc Md TP.HCM; Van phong Trung Udng Ding ... DEN SL[ PH_AT TRIEN Tl/ DUY TRLTC QUAN HINH TUONG TRE MAU GIAO Sy phat Irien lu tn/c quan hinh lupng cCia Ire mau giao chju Inh hudng eua nhieu yeu td chCi quan va khach quan khac nhau: Trudc hdl... Iryc quan hinh lUpng ndi rieng cho tre dp tudi mlu giao, III MOT SO BIEN PHAP REN LUYEN KHA NANG VS DUY TRIiC QUAN HINH TUONG CHO TRE MAU GIAO De tfch eye thue day sy phal then tu tryc quan hinh... phUdng lien quan trpng cCia IQ duy, cQng vdi ngdn ngQ thi In ludng tupng phong phu cua Ire la yeu id hd trp vd cung lich eye de Ire lien hanh va I h l hien cac kel q u i cua qua Irinh tU duy, ThQ