188 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Dosages (Chinese Olive) — Topical ointments using 25% resin are used (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chinese Olive) — Not covered (AHP; HHB; KOM) “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) EO reported to cause GI and kidney complaints and hemorrhagic erosion (PH2) C CHINESE PEONY (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) + Synonyms — P edulis Salisb., P fragrans Redoute Activities (Chinese Peony) — Analgesic (1; APA; FAY; HHB; PNC; WOI); Antiaging (f; LAF); Antiaggregant (2; KEB; LAF; WHO; WOI); Antiallergic (1; KEB); Antianaphylactic (1; KEB); Antiatherogenic (1; KEB); Antibacterial (1; APA; KEB; LAF); Anticholinergic (1; KEB); Anticonvulsant (1; APA; KEB); Antidiaphoretic (f; FAY); Antiedemic (1; KEB); Antifatigue (f; LAF); Antiherpetic (1; PNC); Antiinflammatory (1; LAF; PNC; WOI); Antimutagenic (1; APA; LAF); Antioxidant (1; X10616967); Antiradicular (1; X10616967); Antipyretic (1; LAF); Antiseptic (1; APA; LAF); Antispasmodic (1; HHB; PNC; WHO; WOI); Antistress (1; APA; KEB); Antitestosterone (1; KEB); Antitumor (1; APA; LAF); Antiulcer (1; KEB); Antiviral (1; APA; LAF; PNC); Astringent (1; APA; LAF); Bitter (1; FAY; KEB); Cardioprotective (1; APA); CNSDepressant (1; LAF; PNC); Fibrinolytic (1; KEB); Fungicide (1; LAF); Hepatoprotective (2; APA; KEB; WOI); Hypotensive (1; KEB); Immunostimulant (1; APA; PNC); Memorigenic (1; APA; LAF); Myorelaxant (1; PNC); Phagocytotic (1; KEB; LAF); Tonic (1; APA; PNC); Sedative (1; APA); Uterocontractant (1; KEB); Vasodilator (1; KEB; PNC) Indications (Chinese Peony) — Allergy (1; KEB; WHO); Amenorrhea (1; WHO); Anaphylaxis (1; KEB); Angina (f; KEB); Appendicitis (f; FAY); Arthrosis (1; APA; LAF); Bacteria (1; APA; KEB; LAF); Bleeding (f; FAY); Boil (f; WHO); Bruise (1; LAF); Burn (f; WHO); Cancer (1; APA; LAF); Carbuncle (1; LAF); Cardiopathy (1; APA); Contusion (1; LAF); Convulsion (1; APA; KEB); Cramp (1; HHB; LAF; PNC; WHO; WOI); Dementia (f; LAF; WHO); Dermatosis (f; LAF); Diarrhea (1; FAY; KEB); Dysentery (f; FAY); Dysmenorrhea (1; FAY; KEB; LAF; WHO); Eczema (f; WHO); Enterosis (1; FAY; HHB; LAF; WHO); Epilepsy (f; KEB); Erythema (f; KEB); Fatigue (1; LAF); Fever (1; FAY; LAF; WHO); Flu (1; LAF); Fungus (1; LAF); Gastrosis (f; FAY; HHB); Gingivosis (1; LAF); Headache (1; APA; FAY; LAF; WHO); Hepatosis (1; WHO); Herpes (1; PNC); High Blood Pressure (1; FAY; KEB; LAF); Hot Flash (1; APA); Immunodepression (1; APA; PNC); Infection (1; LAF); Infertility (1; KEB); Inflammation (1; LAF; PNC; WOI); Insomnia (1; APA); Leukorrhea (f; FAY; KEB); Measles (1; LAF); Menopause (1; APA); Metrorrhagia (1; APA); Migraine (f; KEB); Mycosis (1; LAF); Nervousness (1; APA); Night Sweats (f; FAY; LAF); Pain (1; APA; FAY; HHB; LAF; PNC; WOI); Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (f; KEB); Senile Dementia (1; APA; KEB); Sore (f; WHO); Swelling (1; KEB); Systremma (f; FAY); Tumor (1; APA; LAF); Ulcer (1; FNF; KEB); Uterosis (f; FAY); Vertigo (f; APA; LAF; WHO); Virus (1; APA; LAF; PNC); Wound (f; FAY) Dosages (Chinese Peony) — tsp flower/cup water (WIC); 20 g root/750 ml water sipped through the day (APA); Chinese report 3–12 g peony root (FAY); 2–6 g dry root/day or 4–12 ml fluid extract (1:2) (KEB); 6–15 g standardized for paeoniflorin (WHO) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chinese Peony) — Class (P lactiflora and P officinalis) (AHP) No peonies were approved by Commission E but they did say, “No risks known” (KOM) The Physicians Desk Reference was a bit more explicit regarding P officinalis, “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) “Side effects that may occur, particularly in cases of over dosages, include gastroenterosis with vomiting, colic, and diarrhea” (PHR) Much of the indicated uses and biological activity is attributed to paeoniflorin Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 189 CHINESE PINK (Dianthus chinensis L.) ++ Synonyms — D heddewigii hort., D laciniatus hort ex Makino Dianthus superbus is used interchangeably Activities (Chinese Pink) — Abortifacient (f; HHB; LMP); Analgesic (1; X6505089); Anthelminthic (f; DAA; HHB); Antifertility (1; DAA; X5365593); Antimutagenic (1; X3278214); Antipyretic (f; DAA); Antiribosomal (1; X10850653); Antiviral (1; X10850653); Astringent (f; DAA); Circulotonic (F; LMP); Diaphoretic (f; DAA); Diuretic (f; DAA; HHB; LMP); Ecbolic (f; DAA); Emmenagogue (f; DAA); Hemostat (f; DAA; LMP); Hepatoprotective (1; X6505089); Propecic (f; DAA); Resolvent (f; DAA); Vulnerary (f; DAA) Indications (Chinese Pink) — Abscess (f; DAA); Alopecia (f; DAA); Amenorrhea (f; FAY; LMP); Bleeding (f; DAA; LMP); Boil (f; FAY); Bubo (f; DAA); Calculus (f; FAY); Cancer (1; DAA; X3278214); Cancer, skin (f; DAA); Carbuncle (f; FAY); Childbirth (f; LMP); Conjunctivosis (f; FAY); Dermatosis (f; FAY); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; LMP); Eczema (f; FAY); Edema (f; DAA; FAY); Fever (f; DAA); Gonorrhea (f; DAA; FAY); Gravel (f; DAA); Hematochezia (f; DAA); Hematuria (f; FAY); Hemorrhoid (f; DAA); Hepatosis (1; X6505089); HIV (1; X10850653); Ophthalmia (f; DAA; LMP); Pain (1; X6505089); Sore (f; DAA; FAY); Stone (f; FAY); Swelling (f; FAY); UTI (f; FAY); VD (f; DAA); Virus (1; X10850653); Water Retention (f; DAA; FAY; HHB; LMP); Worm (f; DAA); Wound (f; LMP) Dosages (Chinese Pink) — 4.5–9 g in decoction (FAY) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chinese Pink) — Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2) Contraindicated in kidney and/or spleen deficiency, and during pregnancy (FAY) CHINESE QUININE, FEVER FLOWER (Dichroa febrifuga Lour.) + Activities (Chinese Quinine) — Antiarrhythmic (1; DAA); Anticancer (1; DAA); Antiinflammatory (1; X10661882); Antipyretic (f; DAA); Emetic (1; DAA); Expectorant (f; DAA); Hypotensive (1; DAA); Laxative (1; DAA); NO-Inhibitor (1; X9644055; X10661882); Parasiticide (1; WOI); Sialagogue (1; DAA); TNF-Inhibitor (1; X10661882) Indications (Chinese Quinine) — Arrhythmia (1; DAA); Bronchosis (f; DAA); Cancer (1; DAA); Cancer, stomach (1; DAA; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; DAA); Fever (f; DAA); Gastrosis (f; DAA); High Blood Pressure (1; DAA); Inflammation (1; X10661882); Malaria (1; DAA; X9644055); Palpitation (1; DAA); Parasite (1; WOI); Tachycardia (1; DAA) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chinese Quinine) — Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2) Though 100 times more antimalarial than quinine, gamma (not alpha, as reported in DAA) dichroine can cause diarrhea, GI hypersecretion, hemorrhage, hyperperistalsis, hypotension, tachypnea, and death (DAA) Gamma dichroine is highly emetic, causing hydropic hepatic degeneration WOI ranks the alkaloids a bit different, re chick malaria; alpha-, beta-, and gamma-dichroine are, respectively, 1, 50, and 100 times as antimalarial as quinine (WOI) Febrifugine is 64 times as powerful Leaf material shows more antimalarial material than roots., though leaves have lower alkaloid content Other active principles may lie in the leaves CHINESE SENEGA ROOT (Polygala tenuifolia Willd.) ++ Activities (Chinese Senega Root) — Anticonvulsant (1; KEB); Anxiolytic (1; KEB); Bitter (1; KEB); Cardiotonic (f; DAA); Cerebrotonic (f; DAA); Expectorant (1; KEB); Sedative (1; KEB); Tonic (f; DAA); Tranquilizer (f; DAA) C 190 C Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Indications (Chinese Senega Root) — Abscess (f; DAA); Amnesia (f; DAA); Anxiety (1; KEB); Asthma (f; KEB); Bronchosis (f; KEB); Catarrh (f; KEB); Cold (f; KEB); Convulsion (1; KEB); Cough (f; DAA); Fright (f; DAA); Insomnia (1; KEB); Nephrosis (f; DAA); Nervousness (1; DAA; KEB); Neurosis (f; DAA); Nightmare (f; DAA); Palpitation (f; KEB); Sore (f; DAA); Spermatorrhea (f; DAA); Stress (f; KEB); Swelling (f; DAA) Dosages (Chinese Senega Root) — 1.5–6 g dry root/day or 3–12 ml fl extract (1:2) (KEB) CHIRATA (Swertia chirayita (Roxb ex Fleming) H Karst.) ++ Synonyms — Gentiana chirata Wall., G chirayita Roxb ex Fleming, Swertia chirata (Wall.) C B Clarke Activities (Chirata) — Alterative (f; DEP; EFS); Anthelminthic (f; DEP; EFS; SKJ; SUW); Anticholinergic (1; HH3; PH2); Antiedemic (1; HH3); Antiinflammatory (1; KAB; LAF; PH2); Antimalarial (1; LAF); Antipyretic (f; DEP; KAB; LAF; HHB; SKJ; SUW); Antitubercular (1; LAF); Astringent (f; KAB); Bitter (1; HHB; KAB; SKJ; SUW); Cholagogue (f; DEP); Choleretic (f; KAB); CNS-Depressant (1; HH3; PH2); Emollient (f; DEP); Hepatoprotective (1; LAF); Hypnotic (f; EFS); Hypoglycemic (1; HH3; PH2); Laxative (f; DEP; EFS; LAF; SUW); Secretagogue (1; FNF; PH2); Stomachic (1; EFS; HH3; KAB; SUW); Tonic (f; EFS; HHB; KAB; SUW); Uterosedative (f; KAB); Vermifuge (f; HHB; KAB) Indications (Chirata) — Anemia (f; WOI); Anorexia (1; FNF; PH2); Arthrosis (1; KAB; LAF); Asthma (f; DEP; KAP; SKJ); Atony (f; DEP); Biliousness (f; DEP; SKJ); Bleeding (f; SKJ); Bronchosis (f; DEP; KAP; SKJ); Cancer (f; JLH; LAF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH; LAF); Childbirth (f; SKJ); Cholera (f; HHB); Cold (f; DEP); Constipation (f; DEP; EFS; LAF; SUW); Debility (f; DEP; WOI); Dermatosis (1; FNF; KAB; LAF); Diabetes (1; PH2); Diarrhea (f; SUW; WOI); Dyspepsia (1; DEP; FNF; PH2); Dysuria (f; SKJ); Edema (1; FNF; HH3; LAF); Emaciation (f; SKJ); Enterosis (f; KAP; JLH; SKJ); Fever (f; DEP; KAB; LAF; HHB; SKJ; SUW); Gastrosis (f; WOI); Gingirrhagia (f; SKJ); Gonorrhea (f; SKJ); Gout (f; DEP; SUW; WOI); Gravel (f; SKJ); Hepatosis (f; HHB; SKJ); Hiccup (f; KAP); Hyperglycemia (1; HH3; PH2); Inflammation (1; KAB; LAF; PH2); Itch (f; DEP); Leprosy (f; SKJ); Leukoderma (f; KAB; SKJ); Malaria (1; KAP; LAF; HHB); Nausea (f; KAP); Neurosis (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Rheumatism (1; LAF); Scabies (f; KAB; SKJ); Sting (f; KAB; KAP); Swelling (1; HH3); Thirst (f; SKJ); Tuberculosis (f; LAF; SKJ); VD (f; SKJ); Vomiting (f; KAP); Worm (f; DEP; HHB; KAB; LAF) Dosages (Chirata) — 300–2000 mg (HHB); 600–2000 mg (HH3); 14–28 ml tea (with cinnamon and clove) (KAP); 0.5–2 g root in decoction with honey for hiccup or nausea (KAP);10–20 drops ×/day, between meals (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chirata) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Not for patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers (PH2) CHIRICSANANGO (Brunfelsia grandiflora D Don.) X I have aggregated the three most popular Amazon species, doubting that they are valid species Activities (Chiricsanango) — Abortifacient (f; CRC); Alterative (f; CRC); Anesthetic (f; CRC); Antiinflammatory (f; CRC); Antipyretic (f; CRC; WO2); Antirheumatic (f; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; WO2); Convulsant (1; WO2); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; DAV); Diuretic (f; CRC; DAV; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Hallucinogen (1; WO2); Hypertensive (f; CRC); Laxative (f; CRC); Lymphotonic (f; CRC); Narcotic (f; CRC); Piscicide (f; WO2); Poison (f; CRC; WO2) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 191 Indications (Chiricsanango) — Arthrosis (f; CRC; DAV; PH2); Chill (f; DAV); Constipation (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Eczema (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC; DAV; WO2); Impotence (f; WO2); Inflammation (f; CRC); Low Blood Pressure (f; CRC); Lymph (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC; DAV; PH2); Scrofula (f; CRC; PH2); Snakebite (f; DAV); Syphilis (f; CRC; PH2); VD (f; CRC; DAV; PH2); Water Retention (f; CRC; DAV; PH2); Yellow Fever (f; DAV) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chiricsanango) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (not designated)” (PH2, speaking of B hopeana) Overdoses may cause death, with anxiety, convulsions, increased cardiac and pulmonary activity, muscle tremors, salivation, spasms, and vomiting (PH2, speaking of B hopeana) Hallucination accompanied by serious side effects (e.g., chills, cold sweats, heavy tongue, itchiness, nausea, stomachache, temporary insanity, tingling, and vomiting) (DAV) I have experienced alternating chills and fever, numbness, heavy feet, torpor myself CHIVES (Allium schoenoprasum L.) +++ Synonyms — A schoenoprasum var alpinum DC., Allium sibiricum L Activities (Chives) — Anthelminthic (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; EFS); Aphrodisiac (f; SKJ); Cardiodepressant (1; WO2); Carminative (1; EFS); Digestive (1; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; SKJ); Expectorant (f; SKJ); Hematinic (f; EFS); Hypotensive (1; WO2); Stimulant (f; SKJ) Indications (Chives) — Blister (1; SKJ); Boil (1; SKJ); Cancer (f; JLH); Dermatosis (f; SKJ); Dysentery (1; SKJ); Gas (1; EFS; SKJ); High Blood Pressure (1; WO2); Hyperlipidemia (f; SKJ); Infection (1; EFS); Obesity (f; SKJ); Ophthalmia (f; SKJ); Otosis (f; SKJ); Parasite (1; PH2); Water Retention (f; EFS; SKJ); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (1; PH2) Dosages (Chives) — Food farmacy (JAD) C 192 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chives) — Class (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD) Poison to mammals (USDA nomenclature database) C CHLORELLA (Chlorella spp.) ++ Activities (Chlorella) — Allergenic (1; APA); Antiaggregant (f; APA); Antibacterial (f; APA); Antiseptic (1; APA); Antitumor (1; APA); Antiviral (f; APA); Deodorant (f; APA); Depurative (f; APA); Immunostimulant (1; APA); Photodermatitic (f; APA); Radioprotective (f; APA) Indications (Chlorella) — Bacteria (f; APA); Cancer (1; APA); Immunodepression (1; APA); Infection (f; APA); Tumor (1; APA); Virus (f; APA) Dosages (Chlorella) — 2–3 (414 mg) capsules ×/day (APA) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chlorella) — Not covered (AHP; KOM; LAF; PHR; SKY; etc.) Largely imported from Asia, this unicellular alga is said to interfere with clotting and augment other anticoagulant activity; one patient taking warfarin experienced clotting irregularities when he took Chlorella APA reports severe anaphylactic reactions and photodermatosis CHOCOLATE-VINE (Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne.) ++ Activities (Chocolate-Vine) — Analgesic (f; DAA; PH2); Antiedemic (1; PH2); Antifertility (f; DAA); Antiinflammatory (f; DAA); Antipyretic (1; DAA; HH2; PH2); CNS-Depressant (1; PH2); Depurative (f; DAA; LMP); Diaphoretic (f; DAA); Diuretic (f; DAA; LMP); Emmenagogue (f; LMP); Lactagogue (f; DAA); Laxative (f; DAA); Litholytic (f; PH2); Peristaltic (1; HH2); Resolvent (f; DAA); Stimulant (f; DAA); Stomachic (f; DAA); Tonic (f; DAA); Uricosuric (1; PH2); Vulnerary (f; DAA) Indications (Chocolate-Vine) — Amenorrhea (f; DAA); Anemia (f; PH2); Ascites (f; PH2); Cold (f; DAA; LMP); Constipation (f; DAA); Convulsion (f; PH2); Cough (f; PH2); Cystosis (f; DAA; HH2; PH2); Debility (f; DAA; LMP); Dermatosis (1; HH2); Diabetes (f; DAA); Dropsy (f; DAA); Edema (1; DAA; HH2; PH2); Fever (1; DAA; HH2; PH2); Galacturia (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; LMP); Goiter (f; DAA); Gout (1; PH2); Headache (f; DAA); Hematuria (f; PH2); Hernia (f; DAA); Inflammation (f; DAA; PH2); Lumbago (f; DAA); Mastosis (f; LMP); Nephrosis (f; DAA; LMP); Pain (1; DAA; HH2; PH2); Rheumatism (f; DAA); Stone (f; PH2); Swelling (1; HH2; PH2); Urethrosis (f; DAA); UTI (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; DAA; LMP) Dosages (Chocolate-Vine) — 3–9 g in decoction (HH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Chocolate-Vine) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Overdoses may induce colic, diarrhea, enterosis, and gastrosis Not for pregnant women (PH2) CHOKECHERRY, BITTER BERRY (Prunus virginiana L.) ++ Indications (Chokecherry) — Anorexia (f; DEM); Biliousness (f; DEM); Bleeding (f; DEM); Burn (f; DEM); Candida (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; DEM); Chill (f; DEM); Cholera (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM); Cough (f; DEM; MIC); Conjunctivosis (f; DEM); Cramp (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; DEM; MIC); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dyspepsia (f; DEM); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (f; DEM); Flu (f; DEM); Gallstone (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Hair (f; DEM); Hemoptysis (f; DEM); Hoarseness (f; DEM); Insomnia (f; DEM); Jaundice (f; DEM); Measles (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; DEM); Scrofula (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Stomachache (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Ulcer (f; DEM); Worm (f; DEM)  .. .Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 189 CHINESE PINK (Dianthus chinensis L.) ++ Synonyms — D heddewigii hort., D laciniatus... Expectorant (1; KEB); Sedative (1; KEB); Tonic (f; DAA); Tranquilizer (f; DAA) C 190 C Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Indications (Chinese Senega Root) — Abscess (f; DAA); Amnesia (f; DAA); Anxiety... CRC); Lymphotonic (f; CRC); Narcotic (f; CRC); Piscicide (f; WO2); Poison (f; CRC; WO2) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 191 Indications (Chiricsanango) — Arthrosis (f; CRC; DAV; PH2); Chill (f; DAV);