UNITED NATIONS Working Document Elements for the Programme Outcome of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) INTER-AGENCY TASK FORCE ON DISASTER REDUCTION NINTH SESSION GENEVA, 4-5 MAY 2004 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 CONTENTS I Introduction II Proposed approach to outcome document III Elements for core objectives and targets IV Elements for follow-up mechanisms V Elements for partnership mechanism This document describes progress toward the development of a draft substantive outcome document for the World Conference on Disaster Reduction The content draws on conclusions and conclusions provided throughout the review of the Yokohama Strategy, as well as from regional and thematic consultations IATF-9 is invited to provide feedback on the proposed approach and draft content The views of the IATF will be conveyed by the Secretariat to the first session of the Preparatory Committee, May 6-7 2004 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 I Introduction Aims of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction In its decision to convene the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in 2005, the General Assembly called for “concrete changes and results” in order to reduce the growing impacts of disasters (A/RES/58/214) It set out the following objectives for the Conference: a) To conclude the review of the Yokohama Strategy and its Plan of Action, with a view to updating the guiding framework on disaster reduction for the twenty-first century; b) To identify specific activities aimed at ensuring the implementation of relevant provisions of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”) on vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management; c) To share best practices and lessons learned to further disaster reduction, within the context of attaining sustainable development and identify gaps and challenges; d) To increase awareness of the importance of disaster reduction policies, thereby facilitating and promoting the implementation of those policies; e) To increase the reliability and availability of appropriate disaster-related information to the public and disaster management agencies in all regions, as set out in relevant provisions of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation It is generally expected that the WCDR will need to produce a substantive outcome document in order to provide necessary follow-up to the Conference’s recommendations, in the form of specific guidance and mechanisms to help countries and organizations achieve the sought after “concrete changes and results” over the next decade Preliminary steps toward drafting the elements of such a document are underway Review of Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action The Yokohama Strategy and its Plan of Action has provided landmark guidance for disaster risk reduction over the last decade A review of progress on its implementation was called for by the General Assembly in its resolutions 56/195 and 57/256, and the process to so is well under way The review will draw on national information provided by Governments and relevant stakeholders, and will also refer to other formal sources of guidance, including among others, the Barbados Programme of Action on Small Island Developing States (SIDS, 1994), Habitat Agenda (1996), the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Programme of Action (2001), the International Conference on Freshwater, Bonn (2001), the Millennium Declaration (2000), the Third World Water Forum (2003), and the Second International Conference on Early Warning (2003) The broad outline of the expected conclusions are well known – for example the slow adoption of national institutional mechanisms to reduce risk - and are reflected in the outcome document’s draft objectives and topics for targets listed in the following sections As expected, the areas for attention overlap with the actions identified in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation specifies a number of actions required to promote ”an integrated, multi-hazard, inclusive approach to address vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management, including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery” as an ”essential element of a safer world in the 21st century” The relevant provisions of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation1 call for the:          Establishment and strengthening of regional, sub-regional and national strategies; Strengthening of institutional capacities; Use of integrated risk assessments and interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral approaches; Development and strengthening of international joint observation and research, early warning systems and information networks; Dissemination and use of scientific and technical knowledge and information; Dissemination of traditional and indigenous knowledge; Provision of assistance to vulnerable countries and support for community-based action through training and public awareness; Voluntary contributions of NGOs, the scientific community and other relevant partners; Reduction of hazard-specific risks through available techniques and methodologies, paying particular attention to linkages with environmental protection and natural resources management, urban contexts, and addressing emerging risks such as climate change and extreme weather related events The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation is consistent with countries’ efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals2 and it addresses the specific assistance needs of small-island developing states and Africa, in dealing effectively with disasters Conference outcome document The ISDR Secretariat in consultation with experts and partners has begun to formulate a possible approach and draft content for the WCDR outcome document The broad elements of the approach are outlined in a working paper submitted to the first Preparatory Committee meeting May 6-7 (PrepCom document A/CONF.206/PC(1)/4).) All decisions concerning the proposed outcome document, including whether it will be pursued or not, lie with the Conference Preparatory Committee and ultimately the government representatives at the WCDR The material in this present IATF document provides further elaboration of the proposed approach and draft content for the outcome document, firstly to brief the IATF on the matter, and secondly to seek broader, independent input of the IATF to assist the Preparatory Committee and the Secretariat in its further development Implications for IATF If pursued, the outcome document will establish priorities and practices that have implications for the role and activities of the IATF Among other things, it is expected that members of the IATF will wish to continue to advise on the development of the outcome document, and that See http://www.unisdr.org/eng/risk-reduction/wssd/rd-wssd-eng.htm For details about the relationship between each MDG and disaster risk, see pages 15-17, “A global report Reducing Disaster Risk, A challenge for development” (UNDP, 2004) http://www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/rdr.htm DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 the proposed IATF working group on the WCDR would serve as the IATF primary soundingboard and advisor in the development of the outcome of the Conference Ultimately, the outcome of the Conference is likely to set a very influential mechanism for the implementation of disaster risk reduction and the requirements arising from it will present new demands upon the IATF in the future DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 II Proposed approach to outcome document Approach and assumptions Draft elements of a possible outcome document are set out in Section III In its capacity as the Conference secretariat, the ISDR Secretariat has consulted informally with a number of country representatives, partners, technical experts and the Preparatory Committee Bureau, on the proposed approach and potential elements of text The approach rests on five key assumptions The outcome document should be crafted as a policy tool, something that enables the more rapid and effective achievement of concrete change and action to reduce disaster risk and disaster impacts (as was requested by the GA resolution) The goal is risk reduction in affected countries, and therefore the main aim of the outcome document should be the support of action in and by countries, according to their particular needs Risk reduction strategies are most effectively implemented through existing mandates and programmes, such as the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation The use of specific objectives and targets, backed with necessary monitoring and support, is an effective approach to implementing policies; In risk reduction, the basic principles are already largely known, as embodied in the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action and the various ISDR-related materials such as Living with Risk With these assumptions, the proposed outcome document endeavors to provide a succinct basis for action-oriented guidance, with minimal background explanation Rather than create a new agenda, it instead aims to bring the issue of disaster risk and the concept of risk reduction to bear on the existing major agendas of the day, through practical mechanisms to improve the “risk-effectiveness” of existing programmes and investments For the purposes of IATF discussion, the present document elaborates the approach in more detail This material goes beyond the paper submitted to the Preparatory Committee Resourcing issues Countries have expressed widely varying views on how to resource activities to reduce disaster risk Accordingly, the draft outcome document does not assume the availability of additional funds for disaster risk reduction, or indeed any level of funding The assumption is made in the document that risk reduction is not a competitor to other development priorities, but is an essential component of those other priorities For these reasons, the document concentrates on (i) the setting of clear priorities for action that make sense in all sectors, and (ii) the establishment of a mechanism that will permit and support countries to achieve risk reduction within the particular scope of resources that are available to them The aim is to infiltrate risk reduction objectives into all sectors and to support rational investment in risk reduction DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 Core priorities for action The outcome document identifies a small set of (currently six) core priority topics for action over the next ten years, covering national and local levels and associated regional and international commitment and support It is expected that a single set of core topics will be explicitly endorsed in both the outcome document and the separate conference declaration The draft priority topics (termed “objectives” in this document) are strongly based on the many past inter-governmental decisions and declarations on disaster reduction and are strongly influenced by the ISDR Framework for Guiding and Monitoring Disaster Risk Reduction3 developed jointly with UNDP and in wide consultation with experts and partners during 2003 They build on the findings in “Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives” (ISDR, 2002, 2004) and will be refined according to the evolving lessons of the Yokohama review The chosen draft objectives are as follows Ensure disaster risk reduction is a national policy with a strong organizational basis Identify and monitor risks Use information and education to build a culture of prevention Reduce the underlying disaster risk factors Strengthen disaster preparedness and contingency planning Sustain international support for disaster reduction efforts at national and local levels The objectives are deliberately written in brief, straightforward language in order to be widely understood, easily recognized and appealing to all stakeholders Critical focus for achievement; voluntary targets The core objectives are broad and require elaboration into more specific elements for action For example the implementation of suitable legislation is a normal requirement for achieving objective One early line of thought was to develop specific global targets for each element, such as “Risk reduction legislation implemented by 2008” However, it was quickly recognized that the diversity of country circumstances would not permit the effective use of global targets Instead, the current document proposes a split mechanism that combines clear focus for action with the power of targets The mechanism distinguishes two key elements:  Critical focuses for targeted change For each objective, a set of targets for critical focus is identified in the outcome document as the defined and agreed enduring subjects for the development of specific targets  Voluntary specific targets These are specific, time-bound, measurable targets They are not written into the outcome document but are separately developed and implemented by countries and organizations as appropriate to their circumstances See http://www.unisdr.org/dialogue/basicdocument.htm DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 The objectives and the critical focuses for targets together form the basic building blocks for guiding future policies and implementing specific disaster risk reduction measures They capture the areas where greatest commitment to practical action and implementation are needed in the coming ten years They implicitly identify the key stakeholders that have the primary responsibilities and must be involved in the achievement of disaster risk reduction Two additional elements of principle are necessary to complete the approach  Commitment to implementing targets The text of the outcome document should include an expression of intention by those countries and organizations subscribing to the document to enter into a process of implementing voluntary specific targets  Follow-up mechanisms Systematic activities are needed to report on and support progress toward the objectives agreed upon at the Conference The follow-up mechanism should be defined in the outcome document This approach secures a clear, well-directed basis for action (currently six objectives and about 30 critical focuses for targets), while at the same time providing the flexibility for countries and organizations to develop very specific targets tailored to their own needs, priorities and resources In addition, it avoids the creation of another high-level set of international targets that might compete with, or appear to compete with, the major existing target agendas, such as the Millennium Development Goals Instead the emphasis is put on implementation and on achieving better risk-related management and investment in existing agendas and programmes The voluntary targets are envisaged to be simple in expression (though of course not necessarily simple in implementation) They would be specific, measurable and time-bound The following are hypothetical examples: “Achieve structural integrity of all Southern District primary schools to category typhoons by 2015.” “System in place to issue early warning radio bulletins in all six national languages by January 2006 “Conduct and report on disaster risk audits of existing development assistance policies and projects in Africa by December 2005.” “Senior building inspector numbers raised to per 100,000 people in cities by July 2007.” In addition to the voluntary targets, an option has been retained for the inclusion of overarching global targets in the outcome document, for example relating to:    Global reduction of number of deaths and economic losses from disasters The level of international achievement in respect to the objectives and critical focuses that are agreed upon at the WCDR Protection of schools and hospitals DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 The ISDR Secretariat recognizes the attraction of such global targets, but notes the great difficulties that would arise in defining specific, measurable and time-bound targets for these wide topics and in identifying responsibility and accountability for their achievement An alternative may be to describe a small set of overarching goals in a preamble text to the objectives and critical focuses sections Follow-up mechanisms – reporting and supporting The elements of the proposed approach set out above need to be strongly complemented by a follow-up mechanism to support countries and organizations in their efforts to implement the Conference agreements Such a mechanism is particularly necessary to support the development and achievement of voluntary targets The coordination of the mechanism should be the responsibility of the ISDR Secretariat as part of its current mandates, though many aspects of the necessary reporting and supporting would be undertaken by other entities, for example UNDP, as part of their existing mandates It is proposed that the follow-up mechanism comprise both reporting and technical support functions, and that these be closely integrated, in order to systematically and proactively assist countries and organizations toward achieving the agreed objectives Reporting would include such things as baseline status reports, registers of adopted targets, reports on needs for assistance, and annual global progress reports, while supporting activities would include the development and dissemination of best practices, the development of training courses, identification of sources of technology advice, assisting national reporting processes, etc Section IV below elaborates on possible elements for the follow up mechanism Partnership mechanism It is proposed that the outcome document be rounded out with a partnership mechanism, i.e a mechanism to formally record and track the progress of significant voluntary partnerships that are directed toward the achievement of the outcome document’s objectives The main purposes of such a mechanism would be to motivate commitment and resources toward the objectives and to capture and disseminate the resulting experience and good-practices Such a mechanism would require a register of partnerships, suitable definitions for inclusion of partnerships in the register, and a specification of management tasks in respect to maintaining and reporting on the partnerships Draft material on a possible mechanism is provided in Section V below DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 III Elements for core objectives and targets Millennium Goal: “To intensify our collective efforts to reduce the number and effects of natural and manmade disasters.” Placed under section IV Protecting our common environment Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration (A/56/326) This section attempts to set out elements of possible content in respect to the objectives and  critical focuses for targets. Once resolved and agreed by delegates to the Conference, these  would describe the core content of the agreed priorities for risk reduction.  The Secretariat emphasizes that the following material is at an early stage of development,  with many shortcomings, and is offered to stimulate thought and discussion and to support the Preparatory committee in its deliberations and decisions on possible outcomes for the  Conference.  Possible overarching targets The World Conference could adopt a few overarching commitments, for example relating to:    Global reduction of number of deaths and economic losses from disasters The level of international achievement in respect to the objectives and critical focuses that are agreed upon at the WCDR Protection of schools and hospitals Objectives and possible critical focuses for targets Six objectives are proposed, each focusing on a key requirement for disaster risk reduction In each case, a draft set of critical focuses for developing targeted change is provided A brief rationale is given for each objective, along with a list of the past international agreements that have identified the topic of the objective as important Objective Ensure disaster risk reduction is a national policy with a strong organizational basis (Possibilities for) Targets should relate to Adoption of a national disaster risk reduction policy that coordinates and integrates disaster risk reduction across all sectoral policies and programmes Adoption of supporting legislation for disaster reduction, including regulations and mechanisms to enforce non-compliance Establishment of a national mechanism for coordinating of risk reduction management that has participation of different sectors, disciplines and civil society (often referred to as a national platform or network.) Designation of a responsible organization or public office for overseeing implemention of disaster risk reduction policy and measures Identification and resourcing of local and decentralized responsibilities and needs for risk reduction implementation 10 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 Allocation of necessary resources for disaster risk reduction in the relevant sectors of the national budget and local administrative budgets Rationale: In many countries disaster risk reduction is still not sufficiently prioritized as a policy at national level, nor integrated fully in developmental sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure, environment, health and social welfare Lack of political commitment and strong institutions have been regularly identified as major impediments to disaster risk reduction Recent earthquakes have revealed serious lacks of or non-compliance with existing construction regulations and codes for example In most existing organizational models change is required to bring suitable allocation of the necessary resources, enforces implementation and assign accountability for failures, and to facilitate the participation of civil society, including the private sector There is no “one-size-fits-all” organizational model for effective leadership and coordination of disaster risk reduction Options include the designation of a single entity such as a ministry, a multi-stakeholder national platform or the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into existing functions and organizations Recommended in:   2002  2001-2010   1994  Objective IFRC International Conference Action Plan, 2003 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation for Sustainable Development, Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Habitat II: UN Conference on Human Settlements, 1996 Barbados Programme of Action for Small Island Developing States, Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action, 1994 Identify and monitor risks (Possibilities for) Targets should relate to Completion and updating of risk maps of major hazards, at national and local levels Implementation of people-centered early warning systems whose warnings reach decision-makers and the threatened public Production of reviews of major changes and emerging threats that might raise risks, such as climate change, technology growth, emerging diseases and social change Inclusion of disaster risk as a factor in environmental impact assessment regulations Establishment of national systems to record, summarize and disseminate statistical information on disaster risks and disaster impact and losses Rationale: Disaster risk reduction policy and measures are often impeded by lack of data and assessments concerning the nature of the problem involved It is necessary to systematically identify, monitor and map the hazards, to understand and assess the role of social factors and change, and to assess actual and likely impacts and losses Hazard mapping is a technically wellrecognized but often under-applied method Consideration of disaster risks in environmental impact assessments remains to become routine practice Early 11 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 warning systems are increasingly seen as offering substantial potential to reduce disaster losses, as confirmed at the recently held second Early Warning Conference (Bonn, October 2003) Recommended in:  2003     Objective World Summit on the Information Society, Plan of Action, UN Convention on Desertification, UNCCD COP 6, 2003 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, 2002 World Food Summit, Plan of Action, 1996 Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action, 1994 Use information and education to build a culture of prevention (Possibilities for) Critical focuses for targets Provision of information on disaster risks and protection options to citizens in high-risk areas that recognizes gender, age, poverty and other social factors Inclusion of education on disaster risk reduction in relevant curricula at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education Implementation of school-based local risk assessment and response programmes Implementation of risk management training for civil servants and local leaders who are responsible for risk reduction and response Establishment of international standards for training curricula and public information programmes Rationale: Information and education are essential tools to achieve the changes in thinking and practice that are being sought This requires a systematic approach, in order to include disaster reduction at all levels of education, achieve effective public awareness and information campaigns, and to progressively build the knowledge base for effective disaster reduction It involves good information management as well as high levels of communication, networking and partnerships Schools can play an important role, as a focus for local learning and participation, as a resource centre, and as a base for emergency action and community shelter There are many existing training initiatives and educational programs in disaster reduction but there is a widespread lack of systematic standards and curricula Recommended in:  3rd World Water Forum, 2003  Madrid Declaration, Euro-Mediterranean Forum on Disaster Reduction, 2003  Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, 2002  Climate Change Marrakesh Accords, 2001  Programme of Action for the LDCs 2001-2010  Ministerial Declaration of the Hague on Water Security in the 21 st Century, 2000  Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action, 1994 12 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 Objective Reduce the underlying risk factors (Possibilities for) Targets should relate to Control of deforestation and the destruction of wetlands and eco-system in high risk areas Provision of social safety nets for recovery for the poor affected by disasters Development of insurance mechanisms for those at risk Protection of critical public facilities, particularly schools, clinics, hospitals, communications and transport lifelines through retrofitting and re-building Inclusion of disaster risk assessments in urban development and management plans, in particular in all mega-cities at risk Inclusion of disaster risk as a required factor in considering cost-benefit ratios and approvals for infrastructure and other major projects Development of integrated flood management where vulnerability to flooding is high [Health related target pending] Rationale: There is growing recognition of the synergies between disaster risk reduction, poverty reduction, sustainable development and disaster risk management Wetland and watershed management can reduce flood risks, afforestation helps control landslides, and ecosystem conservation assists in the management of droughts Social and economic development practices used in poverty alleviation such as social protection and safety nets are increasingly regarded as ways of reducing risks and as effective instruments for enhancing self-reliance in recovery Physical and technical measures such as flood control techniques, soil conservation practices, retrofitting buildings and land use planning are well known practices that need to be enforced better Insurance is critical for spreading disaster costs in developed countries, but suitable financial tools are not readily available in low-income countries roughly one-half of the world population is essentially without insurance protection Recommended in:  3rd World Water Forum, 2003  Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, 2002  Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, 2002  Programme of Action for the LDCs 2001-2010  International Conference on Freshwater, Bonn Ministerial Declaration, 2001  Habitat II: UN Conference on Human Settlements, 1996  Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action, 1994  RAMSAR- Convention on Wetlands Objective Strengthen disaster preparedness and contingency planning 13 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 (Possibilities for) Targets should relate to Preparation and updating of national disaster preparedness plans, as well as testing of existing ones Disaster preparedness plans available at municipal and community level in high-risk areas Establishment of a national emergency fund, with percentages earmarked for annual expenditure on preparedness activities Rationale: Disaster risk reduction requires close linkages with preparedness and emergency management, functions that are often handled by well-established existing institutions Close cooperation can help reduce fatalities from direct and indirect effects of disasters A well-organized disaster preparedness system will be well informed by early warning, have in place national and local preparedness plans regularly rehearsed, with communication and coordination systems, as well as adequate logistics infrastructure and the necessary resources and abilities to respond Local level preparedness deserves special attention as one of the most effective way of reducing life and livelihood losses During the last three decades the trend has been that fatalities due to natural disasters have decreased by 37% Recommended in:         Objective IFRC International Conference Action Plan, 2003 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, 2002 Programme of Action for the LDCs 2001-2010 Millennium Declaration, 2000 World Food Summit, Plan of Action, 1996 Conference on Hunger and Poverty, Plan of Action, 1995 Barbados Programme of Action for SIDS, 1994 Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action, 1994 Sustain international support for disaster reduction efforts at national and local levels (Possibilities for) Targets should relate to Recognition of basic concept of risk and its implications in sustainable development policy and investment Conduct of analytical studies to identify better methods and approaches to risk reduction Explicit inclusion of disaster risk reduction in development aid policies and programmes Establishment by donors of internal reporting and tracking of disaster risk reduction spending within programmes Establishment of defined percentage of humanitarian aid allocated to disaster risk reduction Inclusion of risk reduction as a standard criterion in project design and funding decisions Provision of support to selected high-profile disaster reduction projects and partnerships Provision of support to WCDR follow-up mechanism Rationale: The policies and practices of the bilateral and multilateral donors and International Financial Institutions, in relation to both relief and development, 14 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 affect billions of dollars of investment each year and are therefore highly influential on risk and its reduction Their decisions may lower or raise risk Intelligent policy and decision-making in respect to risk reduction can create increased value for the donor and their clients Currently, 24 of the 49 LDCs face high levels of disaster risk, with long-term consequences on human development Disaster risk assessments and appropriate measures need to be part of their regular funding At present, there is little quality data to enable reporting and accounting for donor investment in risk-related activities The relief and development sectors jointly ‘own’ the risk reduction subject and must jointly engage in facing its challenges Risk reduction contributes to, and is served by, development activities in almost all sectors - education, health, agriculture, urban management, employment, transport, infrastructure, etc Recommended in:     Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, 2002 Millennium Declaration (Goal 8), 2000 Programme of Action for the LDCs 2001-2010 Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action, 1994 15 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 IV Elements for follow-up mechanism Overall principles The follow-up mechanism is intended to provide the ongoing framework of information, affirmation, and support needed to facilitate the effective implementation of the agreements adopted in the outcome document In formulating the specific elements listed below, the following principles are used:  The mechanism should focus on only those priorities and needs that are identified in the eventual outcome documents  The mechanism should mirror the same approach as used for the objectives and targets, namely the combination of core principle plus flexible application  The mechanism should integrate the reporting and supporting functions as far as possible  Reporting requirements should be simple, informative and public It is recognized that the needs and capacities of countries and organizations vary widely and hence the nature of engagement of countries in the follow-up mechanism will vary greatly Nevertheless, within the interests and constraints of each, it is expected that the same basic elements of reporting can be applied Proposed requirements for national level Each country that is party to the outcome document agrees to:  Provide a baseline summary of the state of disaster risk reduction in its jurisdiction, in terms of the objectives and critical focuses set out in the outcome document, within the first two years of the agreement This report is expected to form the primary basis for choosing the initial set of targets and for identifying needs for external support  Provide a report on progress every three years within its jurisdiction toward achieving the agreed objectives and their critical focuses for targets The report will include inter alia: A list of the specific targets that have been set in the country A description of the progress made on the chosen targets An account of impediments and support needs in respect to achieving targets On a voluntary basis, each country may also choose to  Publish a national programme of action for the implementation of risk reduction, including the identification and allocation of responsibilities and necessary resources; mechanisms to engage the wide participation of stakeholders; national procedures for measuring progress based on international standards and practices; and procedures for identifying and reporting on results, gaps and constraints 16 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004  Publish a report on the national application of the risk reduction objectives in existing developmental mechanisms and frameworks including the national development planning framework, Poverty Reduction Strategy, National Sustainable Development Strategy, the United Nations Development Assistance Framework and MDGs, climate change National Adaptation Programmes of Action, desertification National Action Programmes and other similar relevant frameworks Proposed requirements for regional level Regional organizations with mandates from governments for economic integration, resources management and other regional responsibilities related to risk management may choose to:  Publish baseline assessments of risk reduction for the region of their mandate, with particular focus on the needs for regional support and coordination  Monitor and publish periodic regional overview reports on the progress by countries and organizations in the region toward the objectives and on impediments and support needs  Prepare and promote regional programmes and proposals, including resource mobilization initiatives, to support national and regional efforts to achieve priorities and chosen targets of countries and organizations  Provide support services to governments and organizations in the region, including inter alia, information products, training and other capacity building  Publish reports on progress to implement the agreed risk reduction objectives in their own policies and programmes, including information on resources allocated to risk reduction activities Proposed requirements for international level International Financial Institutions (development banks) and bilateral development organizations could:  Prepare and implement internal policies to give effect to the risk reduction objectives in their programmes  Provide specific support to their clients to assist them to achieve the risk reduction objectives and their chosen targets  Support necessary follow-up activities by the ISDR Secretariat and other monitoring and coordinating organizations  Publish at five-yearly intervals an assessment of progress toward achieving the agreed risk reduction objectives within their policies, practices and programmes, including details of the methods to measure and monitor risk and its reduction, the resources allocated to risk reduction over the period, and the impacts arising from these activities 17 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 United Nations organizations could  Report in their annual reports on the implementation of risk reduction and the achievement of the agreed risk reduction objectives in the sphere of their responsibility The reports will include details of the steps taken by the organization in respect to its own policies and practices, as well as its allocation of resources to meet the objectives, and assessments of progress and impediments thereto among its clients  Provide summary information on request to the ISDR Secretariat in support of the UN Secretary-General’s reporting responsibilities to the General Assembly and other bodies  Provide specific support to their clients, as appropriate, to assist them to achieve the objectives and their chosen targets The ISDR Secretariat with the Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction, in close collaboration with its partners, will  Publish a periodic report of progress toward achieving the objectives of the agreement, and provide reports and summaries to the General Assembly and other UN organs as appropriate  Prepare comprehensive consultative mid-term and end of term reports on progress toward achieving the risk reduction objectives of the agreement  Maintain and publish a register of targets adopted by countries and organizations, together with progress reports and other necessary supporting information  Maintain a web-based register of voluntary partnerships (as described in next section)  Publish from time to time, and implement, a programme of activities to support the achievement of the agreed objectives and targets for the critical focuses, including facilitating the development of necessary tools and frameworks needed at national level for planning, implementation and reporting  Collate, summarize and disseminate best practices, tools and technologies, and lessons learned in support of the implementation of the agreement  Coordinate the development of reference databases on disaster risk reduction with keypartnrs, particularly in terms of the agreed objectives and the chosen targets, and publish periodic analyses of these data  Promote the implementation of the agreed objectives in international agendas, including in respect to those of the Commission on Sustainable Development whose multi-year programme of work will review disaster management and vulnerability issues in 2014-2015 18 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004  Disseminate the conference outcomes widely 19 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 V Elements for a partnership mechanism Purpose of mechanism The partnership mechanism is proposed in order to provide a vehicle for institutions to develop and publicize major partnership commitments toward implementing disaster risk reduction The aim is to capitalize on the interest and visibility of the Conference to encourage significant new initiatives, and to establish a set of well-resourced flagship projects to develop and disseminate successful experience in disaster risk reduction Partnerships that meet the mechanism’s criteria for inclusion would be entered to a publicly accessible register and information of its progress would be recorded and disseminated It is proposed that a relatively high threshold of project scope be adopted in order to focus the attention of the partnership mechanism on projects that have large impact It is assumed that the ISDR Secretariat would support the partnership mechanism by maintaining and publicizing the register Operational criteria and modalities The following criteria and modalities are largely inspired by those of the similar scheme of the Commission on Sustainable Development       The mechanism is open to any combination of Governments, local authorities, and major civil society organizations including NGOs and the private sector To be included, a partnership must address an issue of significant actual or potential impact The partnerships are voluntary, transparent, flexible, self-organizing and self-governing, reflecting the mutual respect of the partners involved and their shared responsibility for the design and management of the modalities of the partnership The partnerships are focused on delivering tangible and practical outcomes that are directly related to the implementation of the agreed disaster risk reduction objectives and chosen targets Partners commit themselves to providing information on the planned modalities and activities and on progress achieved on an annual basis, according to an agreed reporting guideline The partners designate a lead partner to serve as focal point for all formal interactions The ISDR Secretariat will register partnerships, maintain summary materials on them, and assist in disseminating and publicizing their achievements It should be noted that the partnership mechanism is not intended to substitute for intergovernmental commitments on the subject of risk reduction that might be made at the Conference or elsewhere Rather it is intended to be a flexible and important complement to the implementation of governmental commitments It is expected that a number of key partnerships would be registered and launched at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction Registration would remain open for additional partnerships to be developed and registered throughout the following ten-year period Terminating or defunct partnerships would be removed from the register on the request of the lead partner or by a decision of the IATF 20 DRAFT ISDR, 22 April 2004 21