Introduction
Many students today believe that part-time jobs are easily accessible, largely due to flexible university credit systems that allow them to manage their schedules effectively There are numerous reasons why college students opt for part-time work over other leisure activities, including the need for additional income and the opportunity to gain valuable experience and expand their social networks As highlighted in a 2021 article on Studentloanhelpinfo.com, part-time employment is increasingly popular as a competitive job market demands practical skills and knowledge A survey from Can Tho University found that nearly 41 percent of students, or 270 out of 664, are engaged in part-time work, indicating a significant trend among undergraduates, particularly in the Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT) This study aims to investigate whether the percentage of FMT students working part-time is less than or equal to 41 percent.
This research focused on collecting responses from a designed questionnaire to determine the proportion of students working part-time, specifically among FMT students Two main statistical methods, descriptive and inferential statistics, were employed to analyze the data Visual representations, including pie charts and bar charts, illustrated the findings, alongside inferential statistics such as sampling methods and hypothesis testing The analysis concluded that over 41 percent of FMT students hold part-time jobs, providing valuable insights for future recommendations and implications.
Research methodology
Population and sample
The rising trend of university students seeking part-time employment necessitates an examination of its impact on their academic lives This study focuses on students from the Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT) at Hanoi University Due to time and budget constraints, a survey was conducted with a sample of 112 randomly selected FMT students to analyze the effects of part-time jobs on their educational experience.
Questionnaire design
To gather essential information for this project, a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was developed, focusing on the part-time employment experiences of FMT students This data is crucial for hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics The questionnaire is systematically organized into three distinct sections to facilitate logical reasoning.
To ensure the accuracy of the information collected, respondents must provide their name, ID number, major, and academic year Additionally, a question is included to filter out participants who are not engaged in part-time employment This section is responsible for gathering inputs for data processing using R Studio and Excel.
1 What is your full name?
3 Which year are you in?
4 Which major are you in?
5 Do you currently have a part-time job?
Part 2: Along with the report’s main purpose, we also pay attention to those who do not work part-time to bring up the more incentive comparison
6 When you are NOT working part-time, how does your GPA change over time?
7 Why don’t you take any jobs? deliver information about the learners’ effort over the part-time job requirements Besides, the degree of willingness to take a part-time job of FMT’s students is a really active factor for report finding which clearly shown in question thirteenth Finally, the responses of whether part-time work outcomes have a negative or positive impact on students’ general performance or not, quoted in the last question Briefly, these questions are surveyed with the expectation of collecting useful and realistic information for survey and evaluation
8 If you are working, what are your main purposes?
9 Does the job relate to interest/major?
10 How much time do you spend on your job in 1 day?
11 Have you gained any soft skills?
12 Are these soft skills advantageous to your academic performance?
13 Level of your agreement in taking a job?
14 When you are working part-time, how does your GPA change over time?
Sample size
A sample is a manageable subset of a population that reflects specific characteristics, making careful selection of sample size crucial for accurate data collection To minimize self-consciousness and challenges associated with larger populations, we opted for a sample size of 112 students from the Faculty of Management and Tourism Following the Central Limit Theorem, this sample size is sufficient for applying the z-test to evaluate the effects of part-time jobs on undergraduates, especially when the population standard deviation is known and the sample distribution is approximately normal.
Sampling method and data collection
To obtain accurate results for this test, a simple random sampling method was employed, ensuring that all students at FMT had an equal opportunity to be selected Without random selection, the sample risks bias and potential errors Using RStudio, we randomly selected a sample of 112 students for the study.
Step 1: Obtaining a list of population members
Step 2: Numbering the list from 1 to 400 (population size) and applying this code: x Zα (4.52 > 1.645) then reject the null Hypothesis (Ho)
Conclusion
There is enough evidence at the level of significance of 0.05 to conclude that the proportion of FMT students taking a part-time job is more than 41 percent
The variables are qualitative with two categorical outcomes ( “YES” and “NO”)
The survey consists of a sequence of 112 identical trials – change from trial to trial, with p = 0.5 and 1 p = 0.5 –
The trials are independent as the choice of students does not affect others
Normal Approximation to The Sampling Distribution Can Be Used by
The sample size is large enough: 112 > 30
Sample proportion for FMT s students saying YES is: ’ p i112
➔ The sampling distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution Therefore, all the assumptions are realized for doing the Z-test for proportions
Reject the null Hypothesis (Ho) because Z* > Zα (4.52>1.645)
5 Conclusion There is enough evidence to conclude that there are more than 41% of FMT students taking a part-time job.
Project Evaluation
Implication
A recent project highlighted the perspectives of FMT students regarding part-time jobs and their effects on academic performance The findings reveal a general apathy towards part-time employment among these students, who primarily seek such roles for financial gain and social experience Notably, 36.9% of respondents opted not to work, while 61.3% chose to pursue part-time positions Many students express concerns that part-time work negatively impacts their learning and believe their GPA remains largely unaffected by their employment status However, some FMT students also find enjoyment in balancing work with their studies.
Limitation
While the survey was carefully designed and executed, it has inherent limitations Firstly, the study's findings are based on a sample of only 100 FMT students, which is insufficient to accurately represent the entire student population Consequently, the results may not fully capture the effect of part-time employment on academic performance Additionally, the random selection of participants could compromise the reliability of the results, as the chosen students may share similar traits, such as working part-time jobs unrelated to their studies, which could skew the data.
This research aimed to assess whether the percentage of FMT students engaged in part-time employment is less than or equal to 41 percent Utilizing descriptive and inferential statistical methods, the findings reveal that over half of the surveyed students hold part-time or full-time jobs, dedicating approximately 2 to 5 hours daily to work A hypothesis test conducted at a 0.05 significance level indicates sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of FMT students with part-time jobs exceeds 41 percent Additionally, most respondents reported stable or slightly fluctuating GPAs, regardless of their employment status, with 10% of working students experiencing an increase in GPA, suggesting that part-time jobs likely do not negatively impact academic performance.
Research indicates that over 80% of students with part-time jobs develop valuable soft skills that enhance their academic performance, with more than half securing positions aligned with their interests or majors Consequently, it is expected that future graduates from FMT will have an easier time finding employment due to their dynamic skill set and enriched CV.
This research offers several recommendations to assist students in selecting suitable part-time jobs While part-time employment can provide benefits like additional income, the development of soft skills, and valuable job experience, students must thoughtfully evaluate their options It's crucial to avoid positions unrelated to their major and to manage their time effectively to maintain strong academic performance.
Future research should address the limitations of sample size, as a larger population will yield more accurate results Additionally, it is essential to conduct further tests that examine the effectiveness of jobs by comparing the financial rewards to the effort required In summary, more comprehensive testing is necessary for deeper insights.
Nghiên cứu của Nguyễn Phạm Tuyết Anh, Châu Thị Lệ Duyên và Hoàng Minh Trí (2013) chỉ ra rằng việc làm thêm có tác động đáng kể đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên trường Đại học Cần Thơ Các tác giả phân tích mối liên hệ giữa thời gian làm việc và hiệu suất học tập, cho thấy rằng sinh viên cần cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng giữa việc làm thêm và việc học để đạt được thành tích tốt nhất Nghiên cứu này có thể được tham khảo tại địa chỉ: https://kinhteluongtdt.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/trongtruong_so26d_05.pdf.
YenMy.(2021) ‘Tìm hiểu thực trạng sinh viên làm thêm hiện nay’ [online] Studentloanhelpinfo Available at: https://studentloanhelpinfo.com/sinh-vien-lam-them/
PROJECT BONUS MARK FORM Probability and Statistics, Spring 2021
Our group would like to be considered for a bonus mark for doing substantial additional work
We have completed the following parts of the project using the R programming language:
Where to find the R code (e.g Appendix A)
Where to find the R output (e.g Appendix B)
Data preprocessing (e.g reading data file, converting relevant variables into factors)
Sampling method Yes Appendix D Appendix C
Graphical descriptive methods (including graphs for checking test’s assumptions)
Inferential methods Yes Appendix D Appendix
We are students of FMT faculty at Hanoi University Our group is currently doing research on
"The proportion of FMT students taking a part-time job" We really need your help so as to complete this study
We assure you that all information you share will remain confidential and will be utilized solely for our research purposes Your input is invaluable, and we appreciate your willingness to participate in the survey Thank you for your support!
1 What is your full name?
2 Which year are you in?
5 Do you currently have a part-time job?
If you are not having any jobs
1 When you are NOT working part-time, how does your GPA change over time?
2 If you ticked “NO”, what are the reasons?
○ Do not have enough time
○ Parents want you to concentrate on your education
If you are not having any jobs
1 If you are working, what is your main purposes?
○ Create relationship in your job
2 Does the job relate to interest/major?
3 Does the job relate to interest/major?
4 Have you gained any soft skills?
5 Are these soft skills advantageous to your academic performance?
1 Which major are you in?
2 Which major are you in?
3 Do you currently have a part-time job?
Proportion (%) Having a part-time job?
Proportion (%) GPA changes over time
5 Does the job relate to interest/major?
6 How much time do you spend on your job in 1 day?
7 Are these soft skills advantageous to your academic performance?
Proportion (%) GPA changes over time
2 Đinh Thị Phương Linh 1904010058 Accounting
3 Đàm Đình Bắc 1904040013 Finance and Banking
4 Phạm Diễm Quỳnh 1904040101 Finance and Banking
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7 Mạc Thị Kim Oanh 1904010083 Accounting
9 Phạm Thị Mai Lê 1904040057 Finance and Banking
10 Trịnh Huyền Thương 1904000109 Business Administration
14 Lê Diễm Quỳnh 1904040100 Finance and Banking
17 Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo 2004010094 Accounting
20 Vũ Thị Thu Hường 1904040054 Finance and Banking
21 Nguyễn Hữu Phú 1904040095 Finance and Banking
22 Hoàng Minh Châu 1904000018 Business Administration
23 Nguyễn Minh Ngọc Giang 1904000032 Business Administration
24 Nguyễn Thị Thanh Huyền 1904000053 Business Administration
25 Phan Thị Thanh Thúy 1704010106 Accounting
26 Trần Thị Hà 1904000037 Business Administration
27 Bùi Kim Ngân 1904040082 Finance and Banking
28 Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Lan 1906090051 Tourism
29 Hoàng Hồng Nhung 1904000090 Business Administration
30 Bùi Thị Hương Giang 1904000030 Business Administration
21 Dương Thùy Trang 1904000110 Business Administration
33 Đoàn Thuỳ Linh 1904000063 Business Administration
36 Trần Thị Thu Thủy 1904010106 Accounting
40 Nguyễn Võ Anh Kiệt 1804040055 Finance and Banking
42 Vũ Đức Thành 1904000101 Business Administration
43 Trần Mai Chi 1904000022 Business Administration
44 Phan Thị Vân Anh 1904000012 Business Administration
45 Nguyễn Thị Hà Vy 1904000120 Business Administration
46 Nguyễn Phương Linh 1904000065 Business Administration
47 Vũ Ngọc Khánh 1904000058 Business Administration
49 Trần Thị Yến Nhi 1706090056 Tourism
50 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hạnh 1904040036 Finance and Banking
51 Phạm Thị Trang 1904040122 Finance and Banking
52 Lê Thanh Hà 1904040031 Finance and Banking
53 Nguyễn Công Thùy Linh 1904040065 Finance and Banking
54 Nguyễn Minh Phương 1904040097 Finance and Banking
55 Nguyễn Thùy Linh 1704000074 Business Administration
59 Vũ Thuý Hằng 1904000046 Business Administration
62 Trịnh Quang Sơn 1904040102 Finance and Banking
63 Dương Thị Nhật Hà 1904010024 Accounting
64 Dương Duy Phan 1904000092 Business Administration
65 Bùi Việt Hà 1904040030 Finance and Banking
66 Lưu Hoàng Quỳnh Hoa 1904040044 Finance and Banking
67 Phạm Đinh Thành 1904040107 Finance and Banking
68 Quách Đức Thành 1904040108 Finance and Banking
69 Nguyễn Thùy Giang 2004000029 Business Administration
71 Nguyễn Thị Thuỳ Dung 1904000026 Business Administration
72 Vi Thi Thu 1904000107 Business Administration
74 Phạm Thị Anh Thư 1906090107 Tourism
81 Nguyễn Liễu 1904040058 Finance and Banking
82 Nguyễn Mai Hoài Linh 1806090054 Tourism
84 Bùi Yến Nhi 1904040091 Finance and Banking
85 Phạm Ngọc Linh 1904000067 Business Administration
87 Lê Thị Thái Hà 1906090025 Tourism
90 Nguyễn Thị Thu Thảo 1904050043 Marketing
91 Nguyễn Thị Hà My 1904050026 Marketing
92 Đinh Thị Mai Linh 1904040062 Finance and Banking
94 Nguyễn Hà Linh 1904040066 Finance and Banking
95 Đồng Thị Thùy Dung 1504000014 Business Administration
96 Trần Thị Phương Thảo 1904040114 Finance and Banking
97 Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoài 1906090040 Tourism
98 Phạm Thu Hà 1904040033 Finance and Banking
102 Chu Thi Thuy Dung 1904040021 Finance and Banking
105 Chu Thị Thùy Dung 1904040021 Finance and Banking
106 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 1904010010 Accounting
107 Lương Khánh Linh 1904040064 Finance and Banking
112 Nguyễn Thị Phương Ngọc 1906090075 Tourism
> setwd("C:/Users/ADMIN/OneDrive/Documents/R") pas read.csv("ds_pas.csv",header = TRUE,sep = ",",stringsAsFactors
> one.prop.test pas1 plot(pas1$Outcome.1,pas1$Outcome.2)
> plot(pas1$Outcome.1,pas1$Outcome.2,xlab = "Outcome.1",ylab "Outcome.2",main = "The relationship between Outcome.1 and Outcome.2")