Professional Bachelor Degree in Finance Banking Insurance GROUP PROJECT REPORT “IMPROVING THE CREDIT SERVICE QUALITY OF VIETCOMBANK, HA THANH BRANCH’’ Names of student NGUYEN Thi Thuy Dung (Team leader) BUI Do Minh Anh PHAM Trung Kien DAO Thi Phuong Anh DANG Mai Anh University year 2020 2021 Tutor at TMU Mrs NGUYEN Thi Lien Huong Tutor at USTV Daphne Duvernay Tutor at Company Tran Van Hoa Hanoi – 2021 2 Table of Contents List of figures, charts, tables 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.
W HY THE TOPIC ?
The rapid advancement of science and technology has led to a diverse array of products, enhancing consumer choices and intensifying competition among banks In Vietnam, the banking sector is expanding, featuring five state-owned commercial banks, three joint venture banks, eight joint-stock commercial banks, and 61 banks with full state capital, alongside foreign branches and representative offices Additionally, the landscape includes finance companies, finance leasing firms, and grassroots credit funds, resulting in an exceptionally competitive environment among banks.
Vietcombank aims to become the leading bank in Vietnam by consistently enhancing product quality and prioritizing customer satisfaction Recognizing that credit services are the primary revenue source for Vietnamese commercial banks, Vietcombank is dedicated to finding innovative solutions to improve its credit offerings This commitment to elevating credit service quality is crucial for the bank's overall development and success.
In our group report, we focus on enhancing the credit service quality at Vietcombank's Ha Thanh branch This initiative aims to support the bank's efforts in improving its overall credit services, ensuring better customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.
A IMS OF PROJECT
The topic is implemented with the goals:
- Building a research model on the relationship between credit service quality and customer satisfaction.
- Determining the components affecting customer satisfaction about credit services.
- Based on the survey results, propose some solutions to improve credit service quality for customers at Vietcombank Ha Thanh branch.
O BJECT AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH
This article examines the credit granting activities at the Ha Thanh branch of the Foreign Trade Joint Stock Commercial Bank It analyzes financial statements and various data to assess the current status of credit operations within the branch.
In lending, the topic focuses on analyzing customer loans because this item accounts for a very high proportion compared to other items.
R ESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY
The topic uses the following methods and techniques:
Qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting data related to credit activities from reports on the bank's business activities from 2017 to 2018 Collect data from books, newspapers, websites and other sources.
Methods of processing information and data: Using analytical methods to evaluate the efficiency of credit activities, indicators related to risks, and comparison of data over years
P ROJECT SCHEDULE
Chapter 1: Introduction of our project
OVERVIEW OF THE BANK AND HOST FIRM
O VERVIEW OF THE B ANK
On April 8, 2014, Ha Thanh Bank for Foreign Trade was officially put into operation under the decision of the Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam.
Over 6 years of development and growth, Vietcombank Ha Thanh has affirmed its important position in the Capital’s external economic activities, becoming a reliable partner for individual passengers, businesses and financial institutions in the capital area
Here is some introductory information
Vietnamese name: Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Viet Nam, Ha Thanh branch
English name: Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Viet Nam
Abbreviation name: Vietcombank Ha Thanh
General Director: Nguyen Huu Bang
Address: 334 Ba Trieu, Le Dai Hanh, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi
Vietnam's leading bank aims to rank among Asia's top 100 banks and the world's 300 largest financial institutions, while adhering to international best practices in management.
In the next stage (after 2020), Vietcombank aims to continue maintaining its No 1 bank position in Vietnam and gradually improving its position in the region.
The Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam is implementing a development strategy aimed at innovating and modernizing its operations to align with regional and global standards This approach focuses on leveraging the bank's existing strengths and the contributions of new shareholders to effectively expand its operational scope and depth.
The bank has secured the top position in retail and the second position in wholesale banking, focusing on enhancing wholesale operations while promoting retail activities to ensure sustainable growth It aims to maintain and expand its presence in the domestic market while selectively pursuing opportunities in the foreign market.
The bank with the highest profit margin focuses on enhancing its scale and transitioning to a sustainable income structure It aims to improve operational cost management and boost the efficiency of its investment and subsidiary operations.
-The leading bank in customer satisfaction: Develop banking services based on modern technology portal, increase the quantity and diversify products, continue to improve and ensure co-operation service quality.
-The leading bank in human resource quality: Improving the quality of human resources through recruiting, training, rotating and appointing staff; increase the cohesion and efficiency of staff.
-Best Risk Management Bank: Managing risk according to international standards and continually improving risk management culture Ensuring prudential ratios according to the State Bank's regulations and Vietcombank's goals.
The leading bank in digital banking transformation is focused on developing an advanced technological architecture to enhance business operations This initiative aims to meet the growing demands of digital banking services and supports the goals of a comprehensive transformation project, ultimately boosting competitiveness in the financial sector.
Vietcombank is committed to social responsibility by actively engaging in initiatives that support the impoverished and those in remote areas The bank implements various social security programs in healthcare and education, aiming to contribute to the overall development of society.
Securing the future at the fingertips of the customer.
Convenience in transactions and commercial activities in the market.
2.1.2 Development Strategy and Core Value
Strategic business operations (SBU) of VCB:
The article discusses various methods of capital mobilization, including receiving deposits, issuing certificates of deposit, bonds, and promissory notes It highlights the importance of obtaining funds from both domestic and foreign credit institutions, as well as borrowing from the State Bank and utilizing other capital mobilization strategies in compliance with State Bank regulations.
The State Bank of Vietnam offers various credit granting options, including loans, discounting of commercial papers and other valuable documents, bank guarantees, financial leasing, and additional forms as specified by regulations.
We offer a comprehensive range of financial services, including the opening of accounts and facilitating payments both domestically and internationally Our services encompass collection and payment solutions on behalf of clients, as well as cash collection and delivery options Additionally, we ensure efficient payment verification for our customers, streamlining their financial transactions and enhancing their overall experience.
The article covers a range of financial services, including capital contributions, share purchases, and participation in money markets It highlights trading in foreign currencies and USD, as well as foreign exchange and gold trading Additionally, it addresses trust and agency operations, insurance services, and securities trading through affiliated companies The content also emphasizes financial and monetary advisory services, preservation of precious objects, rental of safes for valuable papers, and pawnshop operations.
The Bank for Foreign Trade aims to establish itself as a leading financial group in Vietnam and an international bank in the region by 2030 To achieve this, the bank will focus on multi-functional operations, adapting to market economic conditions, and upholding its motto of "Always bring customers success." This strategic approach aligns with the ongoing integration of the Vietnamese economy and banking system, guiding the bank's development plans for the coming decade.
Capacity building is essential for enhancing financial stability, with a focus on improving the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and other key financial indicators The goal is to achieve an "AA" rating as per international rating agency standards, which reflects a commitment to excellence in financial management and performance.
- Complete the process of banking restructuring to have a modern, scientific and appropriate organizational model, meeting the increasing demands of the market economy and the customers’ needs.
- Innovative to bring practical values to customers.
- Continuous development towards the goal of expanding the customer portfolio is the most valuable and proud asset of Vietcombank.
- Taking Thoughtfulness - Dedication (Caring) to customers as striving criteria.
- Connected widely to build a national bank comparable to the region and the world.
- Always strive to find the Difference (Individual) on the basis of the highest quality and value.
- Uphold the Safety, security (Secure) to protect the maximum interests of customers and shareholders.
O VERVIEW OF THE H OST FIRM
Head office: 198 Tran Quang Khai, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
Key staff: Nghiem Xuan Thanh - chairman of the board of directors, Pham Quang Dung - General Director
Total assets: 1,185,262 billion dong (June 30, 2020)
Website: www.vietcombank.com.vn
Vietcombank, officially known as the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam, was established on April 1, 1963, originating from the Foreign Exchange Department of the State Bank of Vietnam It became the first state-owned commercial bank to undergo equitization, officially transitioning to a joint stock commercial bank on June 2, 2008, after a successful initial public offering By June 30, 2009, Vietcombank's shares were actively traded, marking a significant milestone in its development.
Vietcombank (securities code VCB) were officially listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange.
Over 57 years of construction and growth, Vietcombank has made important contributions to the stability and development of the country's economy, upholding its role as a major foreign bank, effectively serving the economic development in the country, while at the same time creating important effects on the regional and global financial community.
Vietcombank has evolved from a bank focused on foreign economic relations into a comprehensive multi-functional bank It now offers a wide array of top-tier financial services in international commerce, including traditional activities like capital trading, mobilization, credit, and project financing, alongside modern banking solutions such as foreign currency trading, derivative services, card services, and electronic banking.
Vietcombank's modern banking infrastructure enables the seamless integration of advanced technology into its services, enhancing the automatic processing of banking operations The bank offers a variety of high-tech e-banking products, including VCB - Internet Banking, VCB - Mobile Banking, VCB Pay, VCB - SMS Banking, VCB - Phone Banking, and VCB Money These digital services not only provide convenience, speed, safety, and efficiency but also promote a growing trend of non-cash payments among customers, ensuring continued attraction and engagement.
Vietcombank, one of Vietnam's largest commercial banks, has been operating for over 50 years and boasts nearly 600 branches and offices both domestically and internationally Its extensive network includes a head office in Hanoi, 111 branches, 472 transaction offices, and multiple subsidiaries, such as a financial leasing company and a securities company Additionally, Vietcombank has three overseas subsidiaries, representative offices in Ho Chi Minh City, Singapore, and the US, as well as non-business units focused on human resource training and cash processing With a dedicated workforce of over 18,000 employees, Vietcombank continues to play a significant role in the banking sector.
In addition, Vietcombank has also developed an Autobank system with more than 2,536 ATMs and more than 60,000 units accepting card payments nationwide
Banking operations are also supported by a network of 1,316 correspondent banks in
102 countries and territories around the world
Vietcombank, with its extensive operational history and a team of skilled professionals, is well-equipped to navigate the modern business landscape characterized by high integration As a result, it remains the preferred choice for corporations, large enterprises, and individual customers alike.
Vietcombank consistently strives for international operational standards and has been recognized as the "Best Bank in Vietnam" by renowned global organizations Notably, it is the first and only bank in Vietnam to achieve a position in the Top rankings.
500 World Banks according to voting results published by The Banker Magazine In
In 2019, Vietcombank achieved remarkable recognition by being ranked 1st in the banking sector and 2nd overall in Vietnam's "100 Best Workplaces" list, as announced by Anphabe and Intage, leading consultants in employer branding and market research Additionally, the bank was featured in the Top 50 Vietnamese enterprises with the most appealing employer brands.
Vietcombank's dedicated staff, driven by wisdom and enthusiasm, are committed to enhancing the bank's sustainability and achieving its ambitious goals By 2025, Vietcombank aims to maintain its status as Vietnam's leading bank, rank among the top 100 banks in Asia, and position itself within the 300 largest financial and banking groups globally Additionally, the bank aspires to be one of the 1,000 largest listed companies worldwide, significantly contributing to Vietnam's development.
Chairman of the board: Mr.NGHIEM XUAN THANH
Qualification: -Doctor in Economics, Banking Academy
Master of Economics, Banking Academy.
Qualification: Master of Banking and Finance, Birmingham University (UK) Bachelor of Economics, National Economics University.
Member of the Board of Directors
Professional qualifications: Master of Economics, Master of Science in Vietnam - Netherlands
Bachelor of Economics, National Economics University, Hanoi
Member of the Board of Directors
Qualification: Master of Economics, Banking Academy
Bachelor of Economics, Banking Academy
Member of the Board of Directors
Qualification: Bachelor of Economics, Nihon University (Japan)
Bachelor of Design, New York University
Member of the Board of Directors
Qualification: Master of Business Administration, South Columbia University
Bachelor of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics
Member of the Board of Directors
Director of Human Resources Division
Qualification: Master of business administration, Hanoi Foreign Trade University affiliated with Meiho University (Taiwan)
Bachelor of Economics, National Economics University
Bachelor of Law, Hanoi Law University
Member of the Board of Directors
Qualification: Associate Professor of Mechanics, Approved by the State Council for Qualifications and Scientific Titles
Doctor of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lômnosov (Russia)
Bachelor of Economics, University of Lômnosov (Russia)
Member of the Board of Directors
Qualification: Master of Business Administration, Chulalongkorn University
(Thailand) affiliated with Northwestern University and University of Pennsylvania (USA)
1 Total mobilization of capital reached 1,039,150 billion VND, an increase of 14.1% compared to 2018 In which, mobilization of capital from market I reached 949,865 billion VND, an increase of 15.4% compared to 2018, reaching 100.4 % plan.
2 Credit balance reached 735,446 billion VND, increased 15.9% and reached 100% of the plan assigned.
3 Service activities continued to grow positively: International payment activities - Commercial payment, foreign currency trading, e-banking, card and remittance all grew well over the same period last year increase the contribution to bank service revenue.
4 Debt quality is tightly controlled, bad debt collection and off-balance sheet debt have achieved good results NPL ratio was at 0.77%, down from 0.97% at the end of 2018.
5 Profit increased 26% and finished 1 year ahead of schedule;
6 ROAA and ROAE index: reached 1.59% and 25.51%, respectively, increasing sharply compared to 2018 and higher than the general level of credit institutions. With the motto of action "Transforming, Efficient, Sustainable", the direction and management point of "Responsibility - Action - Creation", Vietcombank's focus in
2020 is to innovate the growth model in depth, restructuring operations, ensuring sustainable growth, high efficiency and improving labor productivity.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
W HAT IS THE CONCEPT OF CREDIT ?
- Credit is the borrowing relationship, the mutual capital use relationship between the borrower and the lender based on the principle of repayment.
Credit is a commodity economic category, the process of birth that exists and develops along with the development of the commodity economy.
- So credit is an economic relationship expressed in a monetary form or in kind and formed according to the principle of repayment of capital and interest in a certain time.
A lender provides a borrower with access to a specified amount of funds for a designated period, requiring the borrower to repay a greater sum than the original loan amount upon maturity The difference between the repayment amount and the initial loan is referred to as interest income.
C HARACTERISTICS OF BANK CREDIT
Bank credit provides loans in the form of currency: lending in currency is a popular form of credit,, and is suitable for all types of people in the economy.
Bank credit loans are mainly made up of loans from all members of the society, not entirely owned by themselves, such as usury or commercial credit.
The relationship between bank credit and the amnesty reproduction process is often independent; for instance, there are scenarios where the demand for bank credit rises despite a decline in the production and circulation of goods, as businesses seek to avoid bankruptcy Conversely, when enterprises boost production and goods circulation significantly, the available bank credit may fall short of meeting this increased demand This dynamic illustrates a common phenomenon within economic systems.
Bank credit effectively meets the capital requirements of various economic entities by mobilizing idle funds within society in diverse forms and substantial amounts.
Credit with rich loan terms, short-term, medium-term and long-term loans because banks can adjust between sources of capital to meet the needs of loan terms.
Bank credit has a large scope because cash capital is suitable for all subjects in the economy, so it can lend to many subjects.
PEST ANALYSIS
- People's lives are improved and increasingly civilized, so the demand for banking transactions is increasingly high.
- Globalization also affects and promotes banking development.
- The rapidly increasing development of information technology has strongly affected the business operations of banks VCB has applied to interbank electronic payment, put into operation online banking
+ Vietnam has a stable political economy, creating favorable conditions for business and trading.
+ Laws governing operations of banks The
State Bank of Vietnam also offers a number of policies on interest rate mechanisms and policies to encourage the banking sector.
- In recent years, the economic crisis has affected the banking industry much: increased inflation, trade deficit, investment quality
- In 2000, the Vietcombank Securities Trading Center appeared in Ho Chi Minh, but the relationship between the bank and the stock market was not yet linked.
C OMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS
- Pressure due to barriers to entry into the industry: Since joining WTO, Vietnam's economy has accelerated faster and the banking sector (banking) will develop more.
In recent years, the State Bank of Vietnam has introduced regulations to guide commercial banks according to international standards to prepare for this integration
Therefore, domestic banks are not too concerned about joining the WTO.
Domestic banks benefit from an extensive branch network and a deep understanding of the local market However, as competition between domestic and foreign banks levels out, the rivalry will intensify, given that foreign banks excel in offering high-quality products and services.
Vietcombank faces significant pressure from the bargaining power of its suppliers, as it mobilizes capital from various sources including customers, shareholders, businesses, and other banks This reliance on diverse funding sources means that the bank is directly impacted by the demands and conditions set by these suppliers.
+ From the State Bank of Vietnam, Vietcombank is affected by policies through compulsory reserve ratio, discount rate, exchange rate policy
The involvement of both businesses and individual customers in depositing funds at Vietcombank is crucial for the bank's overall operations However, the low concentration of these depositors diminishes their bargaining power, impacting their influence in the banking relationship.
Customers exert significant pressure on banks due to their strong negotiating power, stemming from their role as a vital source of capital In a highly competitive banking environment, banks must meet customer demands to retain their business; otherwise, customers may choose to invest their capital elsewhere Additionally, for borrowers, banks need to offer competitive interest rates to attract and retain clientele.
Vietcombank faces significant competitive pressure from both direct competitors, such as ACB and Eximbank, and indirect competitors like BIDV and AB Bank, as well as fully foreign-owned banks that offer superior service quality To enhance its market share, Vietcombank must leverage its strong relationships with existing customers while focusing on improving service quality to retain current clients and attract new ones.
Vietcombank leads the card operations industry, with its international cards representing 34% and domestic cards 19% of the market Notably, Vietcombank's international card payment turnover constitutes 53% of the national card market share.
Customers now have various options beyond traditional savings accounts to earn interest on their money, creating pressure on banks from alternative financial products.
For example: Instead of depositing money in banks, they can invest in stocks, trade real estate or other forms of insurance
Amidst the volatility of gold prices and the excitement surrounding land investments, individuals are increasingly turning to these avenues for potentially higher returns compared to traditional bank interest rates This shift poses a significant challenge to joint stock commercial banks, as alternative investment products and services gain popularity.
Joint-stock commercial banks, including Vietcombank, face significant pressure from various stakeholders, particularly the government As the government implements its legal framework and regulatory policies, banks are required to adhere to state mandates, including maintaining specific reserve ratios, adjusting discount rates, and following monetary policies aimed at managing the money supply in the market.
P ROMOTION ACTIVITIES
To diversify card services to maximize customer needs,
Vietcombank constantly offers product strategies for distribution develop card service: Diversifying products: Vietcombank is the only bank
In Vietnam, all 7 popular bank cards with brands of American Express, Visa,
In Vietnam, major credit cards such as MasterCard, JCB, Diners Club, Discover, and UnionPay are widely accepted Vietcombank's card products stand out due to their innovative features and a broader range of usage compared to competitors, offering customers unique advantages and enhanced functionality.
As recently, the bank officially deployed a number of new utilities
For cardholders on VCB-ib @ nking channel, including: Change limit
Use the date for credit cards, temporarily locked or unlocked
Use / debit card is temporarily blocked by the cardholder, register / cancel credit card usage via Internet
Development of new products and services: Besides card products
Traditionally, VCB has linked and cooperated with other units to innovate and develop more convenient features for card products payment (payment for electricity, water, telephone, insurance via card
ATM) Also, recently Vietcombank has linked with super
Marketing, Vietnam Airline introduced many new cards with many convenient features such as: Vietcombank premium credit card
Vietcombank offers competitive fees compared to other banks in the region, often equal to or lower than its rivals, making it an attractive option for customers This pricing strategy allows Vietcombank to effectively compete for market share in the banking sector.
Vietcombank central has established regulations for card operations, usage, and payments across its system to enhance the quality of card services In response to intense competition in the card services sector, the bank has simplified its processes, procedures, and conditions for card issuance and usage, making them more accessible to customers.
Vietcombank is one of the largest banks in Vietnam Therefore, the facilities of
Vietcombank, especially Vietcombank Ha Thanh, offers a positive banking experience with its modern and spacious infrastructure The well-organized office layout and polite staff enhance customer convenience during transactions, fostering trust and peace of mind for clients.
C OMPARE LOAN TERMS BETWEEN V IETCOMBANK AND OTHER BANKS
- Customers who need to borrow must have stable income
- The borrower's income must be at least 3 million VND / month
- Customers must have clear loan purposes when borrowing.
- Having formal labor contracts at the companies that are working
- Customers wishing to borrow must be at least 21 years old
+ Customers aged from 21 - 55 (for women) and not more than 58 (for men)
+ Cadres, civil servants, public employees and employees working under the state payroll regime or labor contracts at organizations wishing to borrow consumer loans in accordance with Vietcombank's loan regulations.
+ Salary is paid in the form of salary transfer with a salary of 12 million or more + Have a labor contract of 12 months or more
+ The borrower himself must be living and working in an area with a bank or branch under Vietcombank
Fast Consumer Loans: Customers have a minimum income of 5 million VND / month for Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and at least 3 million VND / month for other regions
+ Consumer overdraft loan: Have a monthly salary receipt account opened at
Sacombank and made product registration documents (one time only)
Retirement consumer loans are available for customers who reside permanently near the lending branch and receive a monthly pension of at least 3 million VND Additionally, applicants must have a commitment from relatives to cover any overdue debts For those interested in motorbike loans, similar eligibility criteria apply.
Information about the car you intend to buy (Price quote, purchase contract / purchase invoice )
State employees can access consumer loans if they have at least one year of experience in their current field Sacombank offers these loans to employees working at approved units, requiring a minimum average income of 7 million VND per month over the last six months for those based in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
05 million / month for customers working in other areas
Agribank offers concessional loans to civil servants earning over 5 million VND, with streamlined loan conditions designed for quick approval This service primarily supports civil servants and customers receiving salaries through cards linked to Agribank.
+ Conditions are state officials and employees working at headquarters of wards, provinces, cities.
+ There is a clear and legal purpose for a mortgage loan
+ At the time of borrowing, there is no overdue debt, the mortgage or mortgage balance is too large.
+ The employee's success is paid via Agribank's bank card
Customers eligible for our services are typically aged between 21 to 55 years for women and 21 to 58 years for men They are employed with a stable monthly income of at least 3 million, and for unsecured salary loans, they must have earned a minimum of 4.5 million over the last three months.
+ Have a labor contract or decide on a minimum salary of 12 months
+ Living and working in areas where Vietinbank branches operate.
+ Have a need to borrow capital for legal purposes, a feasible source of debt repayment, no bad debt at any organization.
Customers not over 55 years old for women and 60 years old for men at the time of loan termination;
+ Customers are not restricted, not allowed to borrow capital
+ Have no criminal record, have not been prosecuted or are serving a sentence.
+ Customers have full cognitive capacity and are responsible for civil acts.
+ Customers have household registration book / temporary residence book (KT3) in the province / city where MB is headquartered;
+ Customers have financial ability to guarantee loan repayment; + Customer meets other regulations and loan conditions of MB.
C REDIT TYPES OF V IETCOMBANK , H A T HANH BRANCH
* Short-term loans: This is a form of credit with a maximum term of 12 months, in which Vietcombank meets the borrowing needs associated with the borrowing purpose and specific business plan.
+ If there is a need to withdraw capital, the enterprise will have to prepare a loan application.
+ The total disbursement amount is less than the loan commitment in the contract.
+ Flexible term from 1 to 12 months
+ Diversified loan currency: VND, USD or other foreign currencies
+ Suitable for businesses with irregular capital needs, or seasonal loans.
Short-term credit limits allow businesses to access funds up to a specified amount within a designated timeframe, typically not exceeding 12 months This form of credit extension enables enterprises to manage their cash flow effectively by withdrawing as needed within the granted limit.
+ Enterprises only have to prepare 1 profile for many loans in one business cycle (not exceeding 12 months).
The available balance is not solely restricted to sales; during the loan period, total loan sales can exceed the credit limit as long as the business consistently meets its debt obligations.
+ Simple and convenient loan procedure, you can withdraw loan many times with 1 set of loan documents Enterprises can be proactive in borrowing capital once credit limit is granted.
+ Suitable for businesses with regular capital needs, fast working capital turnover and reputation with Vietcombank.
* Overdraft: This is a form of credit extension in which Vietcombank allows businesses to overspend the amount on their checking account.
+ The enterprise is allowed to overspend the balance on the current account within the provided overdraft limit.
+ When the balance of payment deposit account is positive (> 0), the enterprise is entitled to deposit interest rate Conversely, when the balance is negative (