Điểm của bài asm còn tùy thuộc vào người chấm. Chỉ cần paraphase bài này là có thể pass. 1 trong nhưng tool paraphase mình recommend là quillbot.The submission is in the form of 1 document.● You must use the Times font with 12pt size, turn on page numbering; set line spacing to 1.3 andmargins to be as follows: left = 1.25cm, right = 1cm, top = 1cm, bottom = 1cm. Citation andreferences must follow the Harvard referencing style. ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date Date Received 1st submission Resubmission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Student ID Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1 ❒ Summative Feedback: Grade: Lecturer Signature: ❒ Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Date: Table of Contents I Network Network definiton Ξ First of all, network also known as computer networking, which can be understand as a group of computers utilizing a principles of general communication protocols over digital connections for the intention of sharing resources located upon or accommodated by network nodes
DISCUSS RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES (P5)
DEFINE A SECURITY RISK AND HOW TO DO RISK ASSESSMENT
Security risks refer to the potential exposure, loss of critical assets, sensitive information, and reputational damage due to cyber attacks or breaches within an organization's network It is essential for businesses across all industries to prioritize cybersecurity and develop a robust risk management plan to protect against the constantly evolving landscape of cyber threats.
A security risk assessment is essential for identifying and addressing application security vulnerabilities, allowing enterprises to view their application portfolio from an attacker's perspective This process helps managers make informed decisions regarding resource allocation, security tools, and control implementations, making it a critical component of a company's overall risk management strategy.
2.2 How Does Risk Assessment Works:
Risk assessment models are influenced by factors such as organizational size, growth rate, available resources, and asset portfolio When organizations encounter budget or time constraints, they may resort to generic evaluations However, these generalized assessments often lack detailed mappings of assets, associated threats, identified risks, impacts, and mitigation strategies To establish a clearer connection between these elements, a more comprehensive evaluation is necessary if the results of the initial assessment fall short.
The initial step in conducting a risk assessment involves identifying potential threats that could adversely affect the organization's ability to operate This includes evaluating various risks such as natural disasters, utility failures, cyberattacks, and power outages, all of which could significantly impact business continuity.
After identifying potential risks, the next step is to evaluate which business assets may be affected if those risks occur This includes assessing the vulnerability of critical infrastructure, IT systems, business operations, company reputation, and employee safety, all of which can be jeopardized by various threats (Cole, 2021).
Step 3 involves assessing potential threats and developing countermeasures Conducting a thorough risk analysis helps identify how risks may impact company assets and outlines strategies to mitigate or eliminate these risks Possible threats include property damage, business interruptions, financial losses, and legal penalties.
Step 4: Document your results It is essential to maintain formal records of the company's risk assessment findings, ensuring they are easily accessible These records should encompass details about potential hazards, associated risks, and strategies for mitigating those risks.
Step 5 emphasizes the importance of regularly reviewing and updating risk assessments In the fast-paced corporate landscape, potential dangers and risks can change rapidly, making it essential for businesses to frequently revise their risk assessments to stay aligned with these evolving threats (Cole, 2021).
2.4 The goals of Risk Assessment
Creating a risk profile that includes a quantitative examination of the hazards that the company confronts
Creating a comprehensive inventory of IT and data assets
Justifying the expense of risk and vulnerability mitigation security remedies
Creating a comprehensive inventory of IT and data assets
Risks, threats, and known vulnerabilities to the organization's production infrastructure and assets are identified, prioritized, and documented
Creating a budget to address or reduce the risks, hazards, and vulnerabilities that have been identified
If money is invested in infrastructure or other corporate assets to mitigate possible risk, it's important to understand the return on investment
DEFINE ASSETS, THREATS, AND THREAT IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES, AND GIVE
In information security, computer security, and network security, an asset refers to any data, device, or component that facilitates information-related activities This includes hardware like servers and switches, software such as essential applications, and sensitive information It is crucial to safeguard these assets from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, alteration, destruction, or theft, as such breaches can lead to significant financial losses (Haldenby, 2016).
Software assaults, loss of intellectual property, identity theft, theft of equipment or information, sabotage, and information extortion are all examples of information security threats
A threat is defined as any potential hacker attack that exploits vulnerabilities to breach security, resulting in unauthorized access to a computer system and the potential to alter, delete, or damage important items or objects of interest.
Pre-work meetings should be held to discuss the daily tasks to be completed
Encourage employees to be aware of potential dangers and to report them
Conduct workplace audits and safety inspections
Any novel procedures, materials, or buildings should be evaluated
Examine the product's safety information
Examine data that is freely available
Look for the previous incident and near-miss reports
4 Examples of Threats Identification procedures
Identification threat in Asset: digital document/data:
Threat identification: storage data failure and there is no document backup (possible availability loss)
Threat identification: Virus, caused vulnerability is when the anti-virus software is not up to date or contains many security holes(possible confidentiality, integrity and availability loss)
Threat identification: Unauthenticated access from an unidentified site; the access control strategy isn't adequately established is a vulnerability, SQL injection from an unidentifiable party(possible confidentiality, integrity and availability loss)
Threat identification: Unauthorized access is a threat Access was granted to far too many persons, which created a vulnerability (possible confidentiality, integrity and availability loss)
Identification threat of Asset: physical document:
Identifying threats such as fire and hurricanes highlights the vulnerability of documents that are not stored in fire-proof safety boxes, risking the loss of their availability.
Threat identification: Earthquakes, fire, etc and there is no backup of these document paper (possible availability loss)
Threat identification: Unauthorized access; the important document is not locked and assured in a safety box (possible confidentiality loss) is a weakness.
EXPLAIN THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE
A competent individual or team with a deep understanding of the subject matter must conduct a risk assessment procedure It is essential that both supervisors and workers involved in the investigation are included in this process to ensure comprehensive evaluation and safety.
To ensure a comprehensive risk assessment, it is crucial to involve team members who are intimately familiar with the process under evaluation One of the key procedures in this assessment is asset identification, which lays the foundation for understanding potential risks.
Inventory assets consist of finished goods, components, or raw materials that a company plans to sell In accounting terms, these assets are recorded as current assets on the balance sheet They play a crucial role in manufacturing by acting as a buffer to accommodate fluctuations in demand (Cole, 2021).
Attribute of assets to be recorded
Calculate the asset's relative worth b) Threat identification
A security threat is a malicious act undertaken to steal or damage data or disrupt an organization's systems or the entire enterprise c) Assessment of Vulnerability
Determine the asset's present weakness
Organizations employ internal controls to protect themselves and maintain compliance with industry norms and regulations when it comes to managing financial risks
Effective controls help ensure that financial reporting is accurate and that investment, capital, and credit requirements are satisfied
Vulnerability scanners should be used on both hardware and software
A vulnerability scanner is a software tool designed to identify security issues in computers, networks, operating systems, and various software applications This technology serves a dual purpose, as it can be employed proactively by system administrators to enhance security or misused by cybercriminals for malicious intent Conducting a risk assessment is essential to understand and mitigate these vulnerabilities effectively.
Assessing the vulnerability impact of an organization is crucial, as all facilities face potential threats from various hazards, including natural disasters, accidents, and intentional acts of harm Understanding these risks helps in developing effective strategies for mitigation and response.
12 nature of the danger, facility owners must limit or control the risks caused by these hazards as much as possible
Determine the expectancy of a loss
Calculate the probability that the vulnerability will be exploited
The integration of probability into traditional risk analysis has generated significant interest This section introduces fundamental probability concepts and demonstrates their application in conducting seven key operations (Cole, 2021).
Make a decision about what to do with the risk
It's crucial to note that the evaluation must consider not just the existing status of the workplace, but also any possible circumstances
Employers, in collaboration with health and safety committees when applicable, can assess the necessity and scope of a control program by analyzing the level of risk linked to specific hazards.
LIST RISK IDENTIFICATION STEPS
To effectively address risks, begin by specifying a template that outlines key elements such as causes, consequences, impacts, risk regions, and occurrences A well-structured template not only aids in capturing this vital information consistently but also enhances the clarity and effectiveness of your risk statements.
In Step 2 of basic identification, it is essential to assess potential risks by addressing two key questions: why or why not choose us, and whether these risks have been encountered before The first question can be explored through a SWOT analysis, while the second should be informed by insights gathered from a project postmortem or a lessons learned repository.
Step 3 - Detailed Identification is a crucial phase that may require more time, but it is essential for accurate risk analysis PMI suggests utilizing five key tools during this stage: interviewing stakeholders, analyzing assumptions, examining relevant documents, employing the Delphi method, and conducting brainstorming sessions These tools help gather comprehensive information necessary for effective risk assessment.
Step 5 - Internal Cross-check: At this step, begin to build an opinion on which project parts are riskier than others, as well as what mitigation methods to use
Step 6 - Statement Finalization: compiles results into a set of graphics that include dangerous locations, causes, and consequences.
SUMMARISE THE ISO 31000 RISK MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN
ISO 31000 is a widely recognized risk management framework that provides a structured approach to identifying and mitigating risks across various sectors By standardizing risk assessment and management procedures, it ensures a formal and consistent methodology for users.
Risk management may be applied to a full company, as well as individual departments, projects, and activities, at any time and at various levels
ISO 31000 is an international risk management standard that may be implemented by any business, regardless of size or industry (Lashin, n.d.)
At all levels and departments of a company, ISO 31000 may be used to achieve any and all sorts of objectives
It may be applied to all sorts of operations and can be utilized at a strategic or organizational level to aid decision-making
ISO 31000 can be utilized to effectively manage various aspects such as processes, operations, functions, projects, programs, goods, services, and assets The application of ISO 31000 is tailored to each organization's specific goals, objectives, and challenges, reflecting their unique operational methods Key components include essential terms and definitions, guiding principles, and structured frameworks.
The efficacy of the management framework provides the foundations and arrangements that will integrate risk management across the business at all levels, according to ISO 31000
The framework is as follows:
Guarantees that information concerning risk obtained from the risk management process is appropriately reported;
Ensures that this information is utilized as a foundation for decision making and accountability at all relevant organizational levels
This section defines the framework for risk management's required components and how they interact in an iterative manner:
Design of framework for managing risk
Monitoring and review of the framework
Continual improvement of the framework
Recording the risk management process: e) Process
According to ISO 31000, the success of risk management is determined by the management's efficacy
The risk management process should be:
An important component of management;
Embedded in the organization's culture and practices;
Tailored to the organization's business operations
The following activities are included in the risk management process:
Consultation and communication: All stages of the risk management process should include communication and interaction with external and internal stakeholders
The organization defines its objectives and assesses both external and internal factors essential for effective risk management, thereby establishing the context This process includes determining the scope and criteria for evaluating risks, ensuring a comprehensive approach to risk management.
ISO 31000 can be utilized by a variety of persons, including those who need to:
Create a risk management policy (top management)
Review risk management procedures and practices (assessors)
Managing and controlling risk within a company (managers)
Describe the methods for managing and controlling risk (trainers - consultants)
Create risk management policies and procedures (implementers)
Develop related standards and norms of conduct (experts)
4 Applications of ISO 31000 in IT Security a) Risk management creates and protects the value
Effective risk management is essential for achieving measurable goals and improving performance across various domains, including human health and safety, security, legal compliance, public acceptance, environmental protection, product quality, project management, operational efficiency, governance, and reputation It is a fundamental component of all organizational processes.
Risk management is integral to an organization's core operations and should not be viewed as a separate function It is a fundamental aspect of management responsibilities and plays a crucial role in various organizational processes, including strategic planning, project management, and change management Furthermore, effective risk management is essential for informed decision-making within the organization.
Risk management aids decision-makers in making well-informed decisions, prioritizing activities, and distinguishing between different options d) Risk management explicitly addresses uncertainty
Uncertainty, the nature of that uncertainty, and how it might be managed are all addressed directly in risk management e) Risk management is systematic, structured and timely
Risk management that is systematic, timely, and organized leads to efficiency as well as consistent, comparable, and trustworthy results
17 f) Risk management is based on the best available information
In the risk management process, various information sources such as historical data, personal experience, stakeholder feedback, observations, projections, and expert judgment are utilized It is crucial for decision-makers to recognize the limitations of the data and models used, along with the potential for differing expert opinions Additionally, effective risk management must incorporate human and cultural factors to ensure a comprehensive approach.
Risk management is based on the organization's external and internal contexts, as well as its risk profile h) Risk management is transparent and inclusive
Risk management takes into account the capabilities, attitudes, and intentions of external and internal stakeholders who might help or impede the organization's goals i) Risk management is transparent and inclusive
Effective risk management relies on timely engagement from stakeholders, especially decision-makers across all organizational levels Their involvement guarantees proper representation and consideration of diverse opinions when establishing risk criteria Additionally, risk management is a dynamic and iterative process that adapts to changes effectively.
Risk management is a dynamic process that continuously adapts to external and internal changes, ensuring that organizations respond effectively to evolving contexts and knowledge As risks are monitored and assessed, new hazards may emerge, existing risks may shift, and some may even disappear This proactive approach not only addresses current challenges but also fosters ongoing improvement within the organization.
Along with all other parts of their business, organizations should design and implement methods to improve their risk management maturity
EXPLAIN DATA PROTECTION PROCESSES AND REGULATIONS AS APPLICABLE TO AN
DEFINITION OF DATA PROTECTION
Data protection refers to the safeguarding of information, encompassing the interplay between data collection, dissemination, technology, and societal expectations of privacy It seeks to balance individual privacy rights with the necessity of utilizing data for business objectives, while also considering the political and legal frameworks that govern data use (Crocetti, 2021).
Data protection is also known as data privacy or information privacy.
EXPLAIN THE DATA PROTECTION PROCESS IN AN ORGANIZATION
As the sensitivity of data increases, so does the need for robust security measures Protecting sensitive information is crucial, while lower-risk data can be secured with less stringent protocols This approach is primarily driven by financial considerations, as enhanced data security often incurs higher costs.
Backing up data is essential for preventing loss due to user errors or technological failures While sensitive data requires frequent backups, low-importance data can be backed up less often Additionally, tape storage technologies remain significantly more cost-effective than hard drives, being two-thirds cheaper.
High-risk data should be encrypted at every stage to ensure its security Properly encrypted data remains protected, making it useless and unrecoverable to attackers in the event of a data breach The importance of encryption as a data security measure is specifically highlighted in the GDPR.
Pseudonymization is a key technique recommended by the GDPR to enhance data security and protect individual privacy This method is particularly effective for larger data sets, as it involves removing personally identifiable information from data snippets Additionally, the responsibilities for notifying individuals in the event of breaches involving pseudonymized data have been significantly minimized.
Limiting access to sensitive data reduces the risk of accidental leaks or losses It's essential to maintain a record of past data handling training sessions and to conduct regular refreshers Additionally, establishing a clear and explicit data protection policy is crucial for safeguarding information.
For sensitive data, on-site data destruction is essential Degaussing is the primary method used for damaged hard drives, while paper, CDs, and tape drives are effectively shredded into tiny pieces Additionally, deleting decryption keys allows for the complete erasure of encrypted data.
WHY ARE DATA PROTECTION AND SECURITY REGULATION IMPORTANT?
Data is a critical asset for companies, encompassing personnel files, customer information, product details, and financial transactions, all of which guide management decisions and employee processes to enhance product and service quality Therefore, prioritizing data security is essential, ensuring that data remains accessible to authorized personnel, accurate and up-to-date, and confidential to protect against unauthorized access.
Customers expect businesses to safeguard their data, making robust data governance essential for building trust Effective data protection not only enhances customer confidence but also strengthens your brand's reputation as a reliable steward of personal information.
Data protection regulations have significantly heightened the importance of data security, transforming it into a legal obligation for businesses According to the GDPR, data controllers are required to implement appropriate technological and organizational measures to ensure compliance with the regulation One critical component of these measures is security awareness training, which educates employees on the importance of following data security protocols A data breach can quickly undermine years of trust, as negative media coverage can damage a company's reputation in just a few days.
DISCUSS POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON ORGANISATIONAL SECURITY RESULTING FROM AN IT
1 Definition of IT Security Audit
A security audit involves a thorough evaluation of a company's information system security to ensure compliance with established criteria This comprehensive assessment typically examines the physical infrastructure, software, information management processes, and user behaviors to identify potential vulnerabilities and enhance overall security (Gillis, 2021).
Security audits play a crucial role in ensuring compliance with various regulations, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the California Security Breach Information Act, which outline the necessary protocols for organizations in handling sensitive information.
2 Systems That An IT Security Audit covers a) Network vulnerabilities: Security Audit searches for flaws in any network component that an attacker may use to gain access to systems or information or inflict harm Information is more susceptible when it moves between two sites Network traffic, including emails, instant messaging, files, and other communications, is tracked through security audits and frequent network monitoring b) Security controls: The auditor examines the effectiveness of a company's security controls in this section of the audit This involves assessing how well a company has executed the rules and procedures it has put in place to protect its data and systems An auditor, for example, may look to verify if the firm still has administrative control over its mobile devices The auditor examines the company's controls to ensure that they are working properly and that it is adhering to its own rules and procedures c) Encryption: This section of the audit ensures that a company's data encryption methods are under control d) System software: Software systems are evaluated here to ensure that they are functioning correctly and giving reliable data They're also reviewed to see whether there are any restrictions in place to prevent unauthorized people from accessing private information Data processing, software development, and computer systems are among the fields investigated e) Architecture management capabilities: Auditors check that IT management has put in place organizational structures and processes to provide a regulated and efficient information processing environment f) Telecommunications controls: Telecommunications controls are tested on both the client and server sides, as well as the network that links them, by auditors g) Systems development audit: Audits in this area ensure that any systems in development fulfil the organization's security objectives This component of the audit is also carried out to check that systems in development adhere to established guidelines h) Information processing: These audits ensure that security mechanisms for data processing are in place
3 The Possible Impacts To Organisational Security Resulting From An IT Security Audit
An IT security audit reveals the vulnerabilities and security threats within an organization's IT assets, ultimately enhancing the overall security posture of the company By identifying these risks, the audit creates a positive ripple effect, leading to improved protection against potential threats.
22 a) Identification of vulnerable areas and components of IT infrastructure and system
Organizations rely on IT infrastructure, including networks, PCs, and servers, which can be susceptible to hacking and compromises Conducting an IT security audit helps identify vulnerable areas that may be easily targeted by threats like hackers.
Regular analysis of an organization's operations, combined with robust internal control systems, is essential for preventing and detecting fraud and accounting irregularities These internal controls are specifically designed to thwart fraudulent activities and are developed and refined with the expertise of auditing professionals.
Deterrence plays a crucial role in prevention by leveraging an organization's reputation to dissuade employees and suppliers from fraudulent activities A robust and active audit system enhances this reputation, making potential wrongdoers think twice before attempting to cheat the organization Additionally, effective deterrence contributes to the reduction of threats and risks associated with unethical behavior.
Cyber threats, including computer attacks and system vulnerabilities exploited by hackers, highlight the need for robust security measures Conducting an IT audit is essential for identifying weak points in the system and implementing enhanced security solutions.
Risk reduction may be achieved by implementing a stronger disaster management strategy, which tries to reduce or avoid hazards to an IT system
After evaluating potential risks, the IT team receives a definitive organizational strategy to eliminate, mitigate, or accept these risks within the workplace by implementing effective IT audit controls.
An effective audit system and robust internal controls are essential for organizations to allocate resources efficiently and identify profitable product lines Additionally, implementing and enforcing improved security policies is crucial for safeguarding assets and ensuring operational integrity.
Implementing security policies is essential for mitigating unnecessary risks, such as establishing a password policy that mandates passwords to be longer than eight characters and prohibits the use of usernames Additionally, outsourcing cybersecurity services can enhance overall security measures.
If security concerns necessitate additional expertise, an organization might choose to outsource security management to a third party e) Better strategies of compliance with programs like HIPAA
Compliance is essential for safeguarding an organization's assets by ensuring adherence to established security policies Regulatory authorities, often government-operated, play a crucial role in overseeing and enforcing compliance standards.
23 f) Enhances Communication in an Organization
An IT audit enhances communication between an organization's business and technology management, fostering collaboration Following a computer audit, it is crucial for businesses to engage in immediate dialogue with their IT departments This process allows internal or external auditors to assess the organization's operations and identify any significant discrepancies between theoretical IT practices and actual implementations during interviews.
The auditor will conclude by creating a detailed report for management that outlines the issues within the company's computer system This process enhances interdepartmental communication, builds trust, increases accountability, and enables departments to monitor their objectives effectively.
IT auditing plays a crucial role in management's oversight of technology, ensuring that it effectively supports the company's functions, strategies, and operations The alignment of business objectives with supporting technology is essential, and IT auditing serves to maintain this alignment.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT A SECURITY POLICY FOR AN ORGANIZATION (P7)
DEFINE A SECURITY POLICY AND DISCUSS IT
A security policy is a formal document outlining a corporation's approach to protecting its physical and IT assets These policies are not static; they evolve and are revised to address emerging technologies, vulnerabilities, and changing security requirements.
An acceptable usage policy is an integral part of a company's security policy, detailing how the organization will educate employees on the importance of protecting company assets It outlines the implementation and enforcement of security measures while providing a framework for evaluating the policy's effectiveness and making necessary adjustments.
2 Discussion on policies: a) Discussion on HR policy:
HR policies are essential standards that guide a business in managing its human resources They provide clear guidelines for hiring, evaluating, training, and rewarding employees, ensuring consistency in decision-making These policies serve as a framework that supports the well-being of both the organization and its workforce.
HR policies are essential for every business as they establish clear guidelines for operations, helping to protect the organization and prevent future misunderstandings.
The importance of HR policy:
It guarantees that the organization's employees' requirements are acknowledged and met
The organization ensures that employees receive appropriate benefits for their contributions, effectively addresses employee issues, complaints, and grievances, and provides essential training and development opportunities to meet the needs of the organization.
It provides employees with protection from anybody in the corporation
They are necessary because they ensure that eligible employees are given paid vacations and holidays when they are due
It is regarded as crucial since it aids in the organization's discipline
It guarantees that employees are compensated fairly b) Discussion on Incidence response Policy:
Incident Response (IR) Procedure: Provide the necessary procedures for incident management, reporting, and monitoring, as well as incident response training, testing, and
25 support, to ensure that the is prepared to respond to cyber security incidents, secure State systems and data, and avoid interruption of government services
This type of policy usually includes information about:
(i) The organization's incident response team;
(ii) Each team member's role;
(iii) The people in charge of testing the policy;
(iv) How to put the policy into action;
(v) The technological means, tools, and resources that will be used to identify and recover compromised data
Post-incident phase c) Discussion on Acceptable Use Policy
An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) establishes the guidelines and limitations that employees must adhere to when utilizing organizational IT resources to access the business network or the internet Typically included in the onboarding process for new hires, employees are required to read and sign the AUP before receiving their network ID Involving input from IT, security, and legal teams is recommended to ensure comprehensive coverage of the policy.
HR departments of a firm consider what is included in this policy (Anon., 2008)
This policy applies to any data produced or stored on the Organization's systems
All data including non-public personal information must be encrypted before being electronically transmitted
Non-public personal information and other sensitive information shall be encrypted following the Information Sensitivity Procedures in all other circumstances
For this policy, all information and data residing on the organization's systems and networks are considered the organization's property
The organization reserves the right to monitor or audit any information, including data files, emails, and content stored on company-issued computers or electronic devices, at any time and without prior notice This is conducted to ensure compliance with established security procedures Additionally, the organization has a defined Disposal Policy in place to manage the proper handling of sensitive information.
A disposal policy outlines the process for managing outdated or unnecessary IT equipment and devices that are no longer functional, surplus, underutilized, or have become obsolete due to an IT refresh.
To guarantee that any personal data is totally wiped, data-bearing devices should be safely erased or destroyed
The importance of Disposal Policy:
Data Security – secure data erasure or data destruction to ensure that your sensitive data does not get into the wrong hands
Environmental – ensuring that your assets do not end up in landfills or dumped in the countryside
Audit Trail – provision of all necessary documentation and reports needed for an environmental or data security audit
Maximise Return on Investment – saving time and money by avoiding unnecessary purchases and recouping some costs
Keeping up with Advances in Technology – with the understanding that your old devices will be reused or recycled
27 e) Discussion on Business continuity policy
The goal of a business continuity system is to avoid, detect, and eliminate business interruption risks and provide conditions for company recovery if one does occur
A robust business continuity policy is crucial for Softline, as it helps prevent disruptions, safeguards the company's reputation among customers, partners, and government officials, and fosters trust and loyalty in the brand (Sullivan, 2020).
The business continuity plan's methods put the policy into effect Both documents stress the following elements:
Contingency planning involves a corporation's proactive approach to anticipating and preparing for potential events, whether they are negative or positive This strategic preparation is essential for effective crisis management, as it defines how a company responds to unforeseen challenges.
After an event, a company's attempts to save and resume vital processes are referred to as recovery After an interruption, a recovery strategy prescribes acceptable service levels
Corporate resilience refers to a company's capacity to deliver essential products and services during and after a crisis, safeguarding its workforce, resources, and brand integrity Additionally, a robust security policy is vital in enhancing this resilience, ensuring that the organization can effectively navigate challenges and maintain operational continuity.
The importance of Security Policy:
Security policies are crucial because they safeguard an organization's physical and digital assets They include all of the company's assets as well as potential dangers to those assets
Physical security rules are designed to safeguard a company's physical assets, such as buildings and equipment, such as computers and other information technology Data
28 security rules safeguard intellectual property from costly incidents like data breaches and leaks
Ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements
Dictate the role of employees
Based on the scope and aim of the policy, security policy types may be categorized into three categories:
Organizational These policies serve as a master plan for the complete security program of the company
System-specific Security measures for an information system or network are covered by a system-specific policy
Issue-specific These policies are focused on certain parts of the organization's overall policy (Duigan, 2013).
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR EACH OF THE POLICIES
Here is an example of a right HR Policy:
To enhance competitiveness and expand market share, Company ABC's management prioritized boosting productivity by focusing on individual employee performance Department managers implemented comprehensive training and development programs, equipping supervisors with essential knowledge to share relevant work information Additionally, they introduced incentives, awards, and recognition to motivate staff in achieving their goals, while HR organized training sessions to further educate employees.
29 and inform them about the changes This can help employees gain confidence and prevent resistance to change b) Incidence response Policy
When an incident occurs, the individual who discovers it should promptly notify the dispatch office It's essential to compile a comprehensive list of potential sources who may be informed about the incident, ensuring to include their contact information and procedures Note that the contact processes within the IT department may vary from those in other departments, highlighting the need for clear communication protocols.
When an IT staff member or affected department employee discovers an incident, they will utilize their contact list to promptly inform management and incident response professionals The staff member will reach out via email and phone to the incident response manager, along with other relevant personnel and designated managers, ensuring a swift and coordinated response to the situation.
To determine the cause of the incident, team members will utilize forensic techniques including analyzing system logs, identifying any gaps, reviewing intrusion detection logs, and interviewing witnesses as well as the victim It is essential that only authorized personnel carry out interviews and examine evidence, with the specific individuals permitted varying based on the situation and the organization involved.
The team will offer strategies to prevent future incidents and limit the spread to other systems They will evaluate the damage inflicted on the organization and calculate both the financial impact of the harm and the expenses associated with containment efforts.
Review and update policy, as well as plan and implement preventative measures to ensure that the intrusion does not occur again c) Acceptable Use Policy
Example of Acceptable Use Policy In Online Banking Services:
Wise, formerly known as Transferwise, is a financial technology company that allows users to hold multiple bank accounts in various currencies, obtain a multi-currency credit card, and transfer money globally Operating exclusively online, Wise does not maintain physical branches, offering a convenient digital platform for its financial services.
Wise provides a straightforward Acceptable Use Policy that outlines the rules for users accessing its services, reflecting the importance of safeguarding financial data This policy should be read alongside the User Agreement, which references additional related policies.
Wise restricts the use of its services for certain high-risk industries and transactions, asserting the authority to revoke access, suspend or cancel payments, and remove user content The company may also issue warnings, pursue legal action against violators, and report pertinent information to law enforcement.
To ensure the confidentiality and data integrity of computer systems and organizational assets, it is essential for all employees and individuals with access to adhere to the IT disposal control policy This policy not only facilitates the tracking of organizational assets regarding their location and usage but also safeguards any data contained within those assets Additionally, the policy addresses the proper disposal of IT assets, further enhancing data protection measures.
All confidential paper documents that are no longer necessary for the organization must be securely destroyed Additionally, it is essential to physically destroy any retired or abandoned archival storage media For the secure deletion of state secrets or highly sensitive information from disks, a secure deletion method must be employed This process is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the Business Continuity Policy.
Here is an example of a well-executed business continuity Policy:
In 2013, a lightning strike caused a fire in an office building in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, where Cantey Technology, an IT firm serving over 200 clients, was located.
Cantey's network infrastructure was destroyed by the fire, which melted cables and burned computer systems The office was useless and the equipment was ruined beyond repair The
31 situation seems dismal for a corporation whose key function is hosting servers for other companies The whole infrastructure of Cantey was destroyed (Rock, 2022)
Cantey's clientele, on the other hand, was never aware of the distinction:
Cantey had previously migrated its client servers to a faraway data centre as part of its business continuity policy, where continuous backups were maintained
Despite the fact that Cantey's personnel was obliged to relocate to a temporary location, its clients were never inconvenienced
After five years of keeping all client servers on-site, creator Willis Cantey recognized the significant risks associated with this approach He understood that a single major disruption could jeopardize not only his business but also the operations of his clients, potentially leading to legal repercussions This prompted him to make a crucial decision to reevaluate the corporation's security policy and implement safer alternatives.
To ensure the secure access of internal network resources and the safe transmission of private data over public networks, it is essential to utilize secure connections such as VPNs, SSL/HTTPS protocols, and encrypted email communications.
To ensure data security, all confidential information stored on devices outside the business perimeter, such as laptops and home employees' PCs, must be encrypted Additionally, private data on hard drives should also be encrypted It is crucial to duplicate encryption keys and store them securely to prevent unauthorized access.
The lowest key length allowed for symmetric encryption is 256 bits.
GIVE THE MOST AND SHOULD THAT MUST EXIST WHILE CREATING A POLICY
a) The most must exist while creating a policy
Effective security rules are essential for guiding and regulating employee behavior across all levels of an organization, from the CEO to new hires To ensure understanding and compliance, employees must be repeatedly exposed to these policies, emphasizing the importance of grasping the rationale behind them Noncompliance can lead to significant administrative consequences, as outlined by various security standards.
32 and including termination of employment If the policy is not applied, employee behaviour will not be directed toward productive and secure computing habits
Be concise and easy to understand b) The most should exist while creating a policy
Justify the need for the policy
A security policy's main purpose is to keep the company and its employees secure
Security professionals must understand business demands and ensure that security policies align with the company's mission and address top management's concerns Establishing security policies in isolation can lead to unmet needs, so it's essential to involve management in the iterative writing process Additionally, implementing and monitoring these policies will require additional resources to ensure effective enforcement.
Describe the coverage provided by the insurance
Exceptions to security policies are often essential for valid reasons, and it is crucial for the policy to outline the approval process for these exceptions in specific circumstances Additionally, management should be informed of any deviations from the established security policies.
Specify how violations will be handled
Effective security policies should focus on specific issues rather than trying to cover every possible scenario By utilizing procedures, baselines, and recommendations, organizations can effectively address the "how" and "when" of policy implementation Each policy should target a particular problem, such as permitted usage or access control, which simplifies management and maintenance.
EXPLAIN AND WRITE DOWN ELEMENTS OF A SECURITY POLICY
First, state the policy's goal, which might be to:
Create a comprehensive strategy for data security
Detect and prevent data security breaches, including network, data, application, and computer system misuse
Maintain the organization's reputation while adhering to ethical and legal obligations
Respect customer rights, including how to respond to noncompliance queries and complaints (Cassetto, 2022) b) Information security objectives
Assist the management team in defining well-defined strategy and security objectives The three major goals of information security are:
Confidentiality – Data and information assets can only be accessed by those who have been given permission
Integrity – Data must be complete, accurate, and undamaged, and IT systems must remain operating
Users should be able to access information or systems whenever they need them c) Authority and access control policy
A senior manager possesses the authority to determine the sharing of data within a hierarchical structure, which may differ significantly from the policies applicable to junior employees It is essential for the security policy to clearly outline the responsibilities of each organizational role regarding data and IT systems.
Users can only access business networks and servers through unique logins that need authentication, such as passwords, biometrics, ID cards, or tokens, according to network security policy d) Data classification
Data should be classified into categories such as "top secret," "secret," "confidential," and
"public," according to the guideline When it comes to data classification, the goal is to:
To make sure that those with lesser clearance levels can't access important information
To safeguard highly sensitive data while avoiding unnecessary security measures for less sensitive data e) Data support and operations
To ensure compliance with data protection regulations, organizations must adhere to established standards, best practices, and relevant legislation concerning the handling of personal and sensitive data Key security measures, such as encryption, firewalls, and anti-malware protection, are essential components mandated by most security requirements.
Data backup – Use industry best practices to encrypt data backups Backup media should be kept in a secure location, or backups should be moved to a secure cloud storage location
Data transmission — Only use secure methods to send data Any information copied to portable devices or transferred over a public network should be encrypted f) Security awareness and behaviour
To ensure robust IT security, it is essential for employees to understand your organization's security procedures Conducting training sessions will equip staff with knowledge about vital security policies and mechanisms, including data protection, access control, and the categorization of sensitive data.
Social engineering – Emphasize the hazards of social engineering assaults in particular (such as phishing emails) Employees should be held accountable for detecting, preventing, and reporting such assaults
To ensure a secure and organized workstation, it is essential to implement a clean desk policy Utilizing a cable lock can effectively safeguard computers, while any unnecessary documents should be shredded to protect sensitive information Additionally, maintaining a neat printer area is crucial to prevent important papers from being misplaced or accessed by unauthorized individuals (Cassetto, 2022).
Acceptable Internet usage policy—define how Internet access should be limited g) Encryption policy
Encryption is the method of converting data into a secure format to prevent unauthorized access, safeguarding sensitive information both at rest and during transmission This process ensures the confidentiality of proprietary data and enhances the security of client-server communications An effective encryption policy is essential for businesses to establish clear guidelines on data protection.
The devices and media that the company needs to encrypt
The minimal requirements for the encryption program you've chosen h) Data backup policy
A data backup policy outlines the guidelines and procedures for generating data backup copies, serving as a crucial element of your overall data security, business continuity, and disaster recovery strategy Key features of an effective data backup policy include clear rules for backup frequency, storage methods, and data recovery processes.
Identifies all data that the company needs to back up
Determines the backup frequency, such as when to make a complete backup and when to do incremental backups
Defines the place where backup data is stored
Lists all positions responsible for backup procedures, such as backup administrators and
IT team members i) Responsibilities, rights, and duties of personnel
To enhance security measures, it is essential to designate personnel for user access evaluations, education, change management, incident management, and the execution of security policies, along with regular updates Clearly defined responsibilities within the security policy are crucial, and it is important to reference relevant regulations and compliance standards to ensure adherence.
Regulations and compliance requirements that affect the company, such as GDPR, CCPA, PCI DSS, SOX, and HIPAA, should be referenced in the information security policy.
GIVE THE STEPS TO DESIGN A SECURITY POLICY
Utilizing monitoring and reporting tools is an effective way to identify potential risks Many firewall and Internet security providers offer free trial periods for their solutions, allowing you to leverage these assessment tools By analyzing the reporting data during these trials, you can gain valuable insights into your risk exposure.
Because there are so many different sorts of security measures, it's crucial to look at what other companies are doing
3) Make sure the policy conforms to legal requirements
Organizations must comply with minimum requirements to protect the privacy and integrity of data, particularly when handling personal information, based on their jurisdiction and location Implementing a strong security policy is a crucial strategy to reduce potential liability in the event of a security breach.
4) Consider Level of security = level of risk
Having a documented code of conduct is essential for maintaining a balance between security and smooth business operations While it's important to protect your business, excessive security measures can hinder efficiency and productivity.
5) Include staff in policy development
Involving staff in the development of security policies fosters a sense of ownership and compliance Keeping employees informed about regulations and tools enhances their understanding and appreciation of responsible security practices This collaborative approach significantly increases their willingness to cooperate with established guidelines.
Staff training is a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of the AUP implementation process It plays a vital role in educating employees about policies and exploring their real-world implications Training sessions provide a valuable opportunity for end-users to ask questions and share examples, which can enhance our understanding of the policy and lead to necessary adjustments for improved effectiveness.
Ensure that all team members have read, signed, and understood the policy New employees should sign the policy upon onboarding and confirm their understanding at least annually Utilize automated solutions to help large organizations electronically send and track document signatures Some software even offers quizzes to evaluate users' comprehension of the policy.
8) Set clear penalties and enforce them
Network security is crucial and should be treated seriously, as a security policy is essential for employment rather than just optional advice It is important to create a clear set of procedures outlining the repercussions of violating the security policy and to implement them consistently A security policy that is applied inconsistently is nearly as ineffective as having no policy in place.
A security policy is a dynamic document that must evolve with the ever-changing landscape of the network, as new databases are created and removed, and security threats continuously emerge Keeping this policy current is challenging, but ensuring that employees are informed about changes that impact their daily operations is even more difficult The foundation of success in this endeavor lies in maintaining open communication.
Having a policy is only the first step; effective enforcement is crucial Customizable content security technologies for the internet and email can ensure that even complex policies are adhered to Investing in tools to implement your security policies is one of the most cost-effective decisions you can make for your organization.
LIST THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN,
DISCUSS WITH AN EXPLANATION ABOUT BUSINESS CONTINUITY
The capacity of a company to maintain critical functions during and after a crisis is referred to as business continuity Business continuity planning sets risk management methods and procedures with
38 the goal of preventing mission-critical service outages and resuming full operations as fast and easily as feasible (Sullivan, 2020)
To ensure business continuity, it is essential to keep critical operations running during crises and to minimize downtime during recovery A comprehensive business continuity strategy must address various external threats, including natural disasters, fires, disease outbreaks, and cyberattacks.
2 The Importance of Business Continuity
In today's fast-paced environment, ensuring business continuity is essential, as any downtime can have significant repercussions With the increasing frequency of cyberattacks and severe weather events, organizations must proactively develop a comprehensive business continuity strategy This strategy should address potential operational disruptions to safeguard against the risks that can threaten business operations.
In times of crisis, an effective strategy is essential for maintaining minimal operational levels, ensuring the organization's survival Business continuity plays a crucial role by enabling swift responses to disruptions, ultimately safeguarding the organization’s finances, time, and reputation Prolonged outages can lead to significant financial losses, personal risks, and damage to the organization's credibility.
Effective business continuity requires organizations to conduct self-assessments, identify vulnerabilities, and gather critical information like contact lists and technical system diagrams, which can be valuable even outside of crisis situations This proactive approach enhances communication, technology, and overall resilience within the organization, ultimately strengthening its ability to respond to potential disruptions.
For legal or compliance reasons, business continuity may be required It's critical to understand which rules apply to a certain company, especially in an era of rising regulation.
LIST THE COMPONENTS OF THE RECOVERY PLAN
1) Take Inventory of IT Assets
Make a list of all your assets to see which ones will need to be protected The following are examples of assets:
Compiling a comprehensive list of assets is essential for understanding a company's processes, despite being time-consuming It is important to regularly update this list as assets are added, removed, or modified, and to use it as a tool for eliminating unnecessary information.
2) Sort Assets According to Criticality and Context
To effectively assess assets, it's crucial to understand their context within the company's overall strategy for resource utilization Identify which assets are critical, as their compromise or loss could lead to significant consequences during a disaster Conduct a thorough examination of all mapped assets and prioritize them based on their potential impact, ranking them from high to low.
Knowing the value of each asset and how they interact can help to decide which assets should be prioritized in the disaster recovery strategy
Not all threats pose the same level of risk to a company; it is essential to identify the most significant dangers and their likely targets Engaging critical systems personnel early in the process is vital, as they possess valuable insights into potential service disruptions While it may not be possible to foresee every risk, developing an effective strategy involves assessing the likelihood and impact of each threat.
Recovery goals are essential in disaster recovery planning and are categorized into recovery time objectives (RTO) and recovery point objectives (RPO) RTO defines the maximum allowable downtime for assets before recovery, while RPO indicates the maximum data loss you can tolerate Establishing these objectives early in the planning process ensures the selection of appropriate recovery strategies.
The anticipated interruption, whether lasting from one minute to a full day, significantly impacts both top management and operational workers Understanding these implications is crucial for determining your Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO), as well as establishing the frequency of data backups needed to ensure business continuity.
To effectively develop a disaster recovery plan, it's essential to have a comprehensive understanding of your assets, risks, and key metrics such as Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO) With this foundational knowledge, you can strategically outline a plan that addresses potential disruptions and ensures business continuity Consider asking yourself critical questions to refine your approach and enhance your preparedness.
Will you have a ready-to-use disaster recovery facility?
What city will it be in? Is it going to be cloud-based? Do you want to host your own website?
Which backups are you going to keep? What will their location be?
Implementing a remote data storage solution is essential for protecting your assets against cyber-attacks and natural disasters that could lead to physical damage Choose the right cloud services, software, hardware, and partners to ensure robust data security and reliability.
Every organization, regardless of its resources, must implement a disaster recovery strategy It is essential to emphasize the importance of disaster recovery to senior management, while also offering a variety of solutions that cater to different budget levels.
Organizations with higher budgets should implement a comprehensive disaster recovery plan that features enhanced Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs) and Recovery Point Objectives (RPOs), alongside robust support for critical services, potentially integrated into a broader business continuity strategy As each company's disaster recovery requirements vary, informed management decisions can help balance risk and investment in disaster recovery technology, ensuring optimal preparedness and resilience.
To ensure the disaster recovery plan is effective, it is essential to conduct thorough testing and review in the final phase All employees should be well-informed of their roles during a crisis Organizing a catastrophe exercise will help evaluate the strategy and observe employee responses to potential threats If the execution does not meet expectations, necessary adjustments to the plan should be made.
A disaster recovery strategy must be regularly reviewed, ideally every six months, to ensure its effectiveness As assets, organizational structures, and IT configurations evolve, the disaster recovery plan requires updates to accurately reflect these changes.
ALL THE STEPS REQUIRED IN THE DISASTER RECOVERY PROCESS
Organizations must identify the essential IT resources, including systems, hardware, and software, required for their operations Beyond maintaining a basic inventory, it's crucial to enhance your IT disaster recovery strategy by considering various scenarios Evaluate the potential impact on your systems in the event of disasters such as floods, hurricanes, fires, or power outages.
After completing the IT inventory, organizations can establish realistic recovery targets and timelines for their systems While the healthcare sector often requires recovery times of just a few minutes, other industries may find longer recovery periods acceptable.
The recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO) ideas will come in handy here:
The greatest amount of time that should pass before the IT systems recover is known as the recovery time objective (RTO)
RPO (Recovery Point Objective): The maximum length of time allowed for the IT systems to recover since the most recent data backup (Mulligan, 2019)
Securing buy-in from essential stakeholders is crucial before a crisis occurs, ensuring that everyone understands which IT activities could be affected, the subsequent steps to take, and the designated individuals responsible for resolving any issues.
Engage employees in discussions about the potential impact on their work if essential systems or networks were temporarily unavailable Additionally, develop a communication strategy to keep employees informed during incidents like power outages or Internet failures.
4) Develop a Data Backup and Recovery Plan
Effective disaster planning is essential for every business to ensure continuity, whether facing minor issues like server failures or significant crises that could jeopardize operations.
Despite the fact that the aim is to avoid a breach at all costs, cyber assaults are unavoidable
It's vital to have a plan in place to address and mitigate the consequences
A solid response strategy includes a team of IT professionals devoted to resolving the issue, monitoring for additional infiltration, and controlling the current data breach
Power outages and damaged wires can jeopardize your business operations To ensure continuity during emergencies, it's essential to have a backup generator ready to support your organization.
Humans, whether intentionally or unintentionally, maybe a source of tragedy Lockdown has administrative permissions on the systems to reduce the danger of a disaster
Only the systems and data that employees and third-party providers require should be accessible
Considering the potential costs of recovery, integrating catastrophe insurance into your disaster recovery plan can be a strategic decision This approach not only covers the replacement of IT equipment but also addresses the broader impacts and losses associated with a disaster If this option interests you, consult with an insurance expert for tailored advice.
An effective IT disaster recovery strategy must be evaluated at least twice a year to ensure reliability A client experienced total drive failure while attempting recovery after years without testing their strategy, highlighting the critical importance of regular assessments Without these tests, valuable data could be permanently lost during an actual disaster.
Any holes discovered during these testing should be thoroughly recorded so that they may be addressed Consult a reputable MSP to learn about your remediation choices
Business continuity (BC) is essential for organizations recovering from a disaster, as it encompasses a comprehensive plan to maintain key operations during and after a crisis Developing and regularly testing a robust BC strategy ensures that a company is well-prepared to handle unforeseen events effectively.
Disaster recovery is not a one-time task; it demands continuous upkeep and updates Regularly revising the disaster recovery plan to incorporate new technologies, methods, and equipment is crucial, especially when business needs change Collaborating with a Managed Service Provider (MSP) can provide valuable insights and expert guidance in developing and refining an effective disaster recovery strategy.
EXPLAIN SOME OF THE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR BUSINESS
1 Policies That Are Required For Business Continuity
A comprehensive Risk Management Policy is essential when developing a business continuity strategy, as it focuses on identifying potential risks that an organization might face Key considerations include the geographical location of the company, which may expose it to severe weather events such as storms, as well as geopolitical factors that could contribute to operational disruptions Additionally, reviewing past incidents of trouble can provide valuable insights for enhancing resilience against future challenges.
44 ransomware or other viruses that need extra attention? When developing a business continuity policy, companies must consider all of these considerations by sticking to the risk management policy
An effective Incident Response Policy is crucial for organizations to promptly detect and address data breaches or security events, minimizing their impact on data integrity, customer trust, reputation, and revenue Without a well-defined incident response plan, businesses face increased risks that can jeopardize their operational continuity.
Emergency management policy refers to the strategic actions a company takes to reduce the effects of incidents or crises Its primary objective is to ensure the safety of individuals, safeguard the community, and ensure business continuity Adhering to this policy involves established procedures for disaster response, clearly defined roles and responsibilities, and guidelines for local emergency response and recovery teams, which are crucial for protecting employees.
A robust business continuity policy ensures that a company can swiftly return to regular operations, gaining a competitive advantage while rivals are still struggling By quickly restoring network functionality, regaining access to vital business data, and reconnecting staff for effective collaboration and customer service, the company establishes itself as a trusted leader in its industry.
2 Procedures That Are Required For Business Continuity
Business Impact Analysis: The organization will identify time-sensitive functions and resources
Recovery: The organization must establish and implement actions to restore critical business functions in this area
Organization: A management department must be established This group will devise a strategy to deal with the interruption
Training: Training and testing are required for the continuity crew Members of the team should also participate in activities that go beyond the plan and strategy
DISCUSS THE ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN THE ORGANISATION TO IMPLEMENT SECURITY
Stakeholders play a crucial role in decision-making, project scheduling, and budgeting, with many being accountable for various aspects of business operations, including developer education and milestone setting An organization's information security policy (ISP) is essential for defining personnel roles and their security-related behaviors Stakeholders are expected to contribute their insights and expertise to evaluate and enhance the ISP This paper aims to identify relevant stakeholders involved in the ISP development process, which will vary based on organizational size The study will outline the development process and utilize contextual interviews to practically validate stakeholder roles.
They also develop assumptions and limits, and work packages, engage in the risk management process, assist with quality and communication strategies, establish ground rules, and give estimates
A director is responsible for making critical decisions within a company, ensuring the successful implementation of a security audit plan across relevant departments.
The Server Manager (Internal) Server Administrator plays a crucial role in managing the network by providing assistance, installing, and maintaining system equipment They ensure that software is up to date and monitor system performance and availability to guarantee optimal operation.
System Developer (Internal) They are the individuals or departments in charge of network security, data security, and policy enforcement For instance, network engineers, database developers, and so on
A risk manager (internal) plays a crucial role in coordinating efforts across all departments to analyze, manage, and execute strategies aimed at mitigating cyber threats They possess a deep understanding of potential risks and work collaboratively to ensure a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity within the organization.
46 danger agents and have a strategy in place for what will happen to the organization's security
When a group or organization collaborates with a business, they will work together to ensure that the security policy is followed and that the security strategy is implemented
Table 1: ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN THE ORGANISATION TO IMPLEMENT SECURITY AUDIT RECOMMENDATIONS
This article discusses the importance of risk assessment and data protection, highlighting essential policies and procedures that individuals and organizations can adopt to enhance their online data security It outlines the necessary steps for designing and implementing effective security policies and business continuity plans While there are numerous risks and threats to consider, increased awareness and knowledge empower individuals to better defend against cyber threats, enabling them to approach potential dangers with greater caution.
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Available at: https://www.athenarisk.com/security-risk-management-iso-31000/
Anon., 2019 Sample Acceptable Use Policy Template and Examples [Online]
Available at: https://www.websitepolicies.com/blog/sample-acceptable-use-policy-template
Cassetto, O., 2022 The 12 Elements of an Information Security Policy [Online]
Available at: https://www.exabeam.com/information-security/information-security-policy/
Available at: https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/risk-assessment