Тhе use of the infinitive without the particle "to" (the bare infinitive)
the infinitive as subject
As tl1e subject of the seпtence t11e iпfinitive сап either 1) precede the predicate or 2) follow it
1) То err is humaп, to forgive is divine Ошибаться -свойство человеческое, а уметь прощать -божественное То forget the past seemed impossiЫe Казалось, невозможно забытъ прошлое
Not to go back was all she wanted Единственное, что она хотела, - это не возвращаться
2) The case wheп the iпfinitive-subject follows the predicate is more соттоn in moderп Eпglish
1t would certaiпly Ье шuch better not to speak to him at all Конечно, гораздо лучше было бы не разговаривать с ним вовсе
It was not easy to answer tbe question На этот вопрос было нелегко ответить
In sentences where the introductory subject "U" is used, it serves as a formal subject and is not translated into Russian These sentences typically feature a compound nominal predicate, expressed through a linking verb and an adjective-predicative, though they may occasionally include a noun-predicative.
It's поt lшid to make decisions when you know what your values are
* * * lt is ноt enough to have а good mind, tl1e mai 11 thiпg is to use it well
""' lt is difficнlt to find а friend who knows all about you and stilllikes you
It's bettei to Ье occasionally cheated than perpetually suspicious
It's haгd to detect good luck- it looks so mucl1 like something you've eaгned
It is useless was (un) necessaгy will Ье inteгesting seems impoi"tant difficult easy haгd
Engaging with music can evoke a range of emotions, from pleasure to surprise, and it often serves as a necessity in our lives However, it's crucial to recognize that not all music is safe; some may even be dangerous or a waste of time Discussing these points can lead to a deeper understanding of our experiences with music It’s always a joy to see you again, and I encourage you to keep smiling as we explore these themes together.
1 t is not good to knock а man down and then ask him why he lives in the dirt
1 Uпdeiliпe the infinitive OI the iпfinitive phгase used as subject
Tгanslate tl1e seпtences into Russian
Model: То love is to гespect
1 То watch tl1em playing is jнst а pleasuгe
2 То seпd him а telegшm \Vas t\1e only way онt
3 То look aftei уонг aged paieпts is, но doнbt, уонг dнty
4 То leave them alone was most пecessa1y at t}шt шoment
5 То dгive fast iп sнcl1 weatllei is pгetty dangeгoнs
6 То mention 11is nаше in I1ei ргеsепсе was silly of you
7 То make Веп тапу Angela wasп't wise of his paгents
8 То Ье t]нifty w}ten уон aie piessed fог money is next to impossible
9 То take long walks Ьеfше going to bed is good fог уонг l1ealth
10 То CIY is нseless It nevei l1elps
11 То cliшb this шountaiп is а tiemendoнs Iisk
12 То see hei was а delight that neveт staled
13 То go witl1 him to pictшe galleгies was а Iaie tieat foi hei
14 То take money fiom l1im was like гоЬЬiпg а child
15 То switcl1 off tl1e light is несеssагу befoie you leave
2 Match the pal'tS of the senteпces
Choose а pl'oper subject expressed Ьу ап infiпitive or an iпfiпitive phrase foi each piedicate in tl1e right-lшnd columп l То become dшg-depeпdent
3 То Ье нпdеi my wife's tlшшЬ
5 То weal' prãeseпtaЫe clotl1es at an iпtet-view
6 То let his fl"ieпds down
9 То dJive heJ to teaJs
1 О То leave tl1e пest l lшs пevei been шу dгеаш
3 шау help you to irnpJess theш favouгably
5 is the only way out fш all of you
6 is а gieat piobleш foi Lyle
9 is betteг thaн to шапу fог шопеу l О is rюt chюãacteristic of llim
3 Complete the following questioпs iп Ьох А
Use the infinitives and the infinitive phiases fioш Ьох В
- What is bettei to go to а sports event or to watch it on TV?
1) - То go to а sports event is, но douЬt, more excitiпg
2)- It's шаге excitiпg to go to а sports event
7 Wl1at is шше aшнsing
8 Wlшt is fнпniег
1 О Wllat is шаге slюckiпg the subject в
1 to listen to а lectuгeг ог to look tlлough someoпe's лotes?
2 to love 01: to Ье loved?
3 to fiпd yotti рнгsе ог to lose it?
4 to шееt уош old fiiend ш to fiпd а new оне?
5 to buy а dull book oi to watch а duП filш?
6 to Ье disшissed ог to Ье badly paid?
7 to find уош shoe iп the fiidge ог to find an шange iп tl1e batlнoom?
8 to wеаг а fш hat iп suш шег ог to weai sandals iп wiпteг?
9 to lшve а 1ight bieakfast ог to lшve no bieakfast at all?
1 О to 1шvе а talk witl1 а gieat jokeг ог tell sошеопе а joke?
Use an iпfinitive or an infiпitive phiase as subject
I То argue is useless То add some herbs to the tea ]J.elpful То listen to some English tapes healthy То keep уош woгd nшst Ье dangeгous То talk about politics silly Т о take dПigs is, по doubt, dull То waste time wise Т о watcl1 English videos iшportant impossiЫe пecessary
II easy to sшvive пecessat-y to ciitisize them iшрогtапt to coпtiol tl1eii business possiЫe to estaЫish а joiпt veпtuгe impossiЬle to expi"ess уош views haгd to back him up lt is шgепt to live in feai" а teпiЬle tblпg to speak foreign languages а nice thing to di"ive at speed а st1ãaпge thing to sc:;гve tl1e state а dangeiOus thiпg to goveш people ап important thing to teacl1 childreп to еше people to interfeie with somebody to wiп the game to аgгее uроп this matter
5 А Make up seпteпces with the iпtiOductOiy subject "it"
~ау ~t~eпtion t~ the notional subject expressed Ьу an шfiшttve OI an шfiшtive phiase
It would Ье Iunacy to marry him
It is absurd to suggest that to him It was surprising to see her here It would be beneficial to attend his lecture It is your responsibility to assist Aunt Sally It was very generous of you to purchase it for me It is wise of you not to trust them.
Uпdeiliпe the notioпal subject expгessed Ьу ап iпfiпitive
OI ап jpfiпitive phгase
Use ап infiпitive as subject with the iпtiOductory "it"
Model: lt's useless lt's useless to talk with her when she is nervous l I t was sttãaпge
6 It is so daпgeгous
11 It was wise of you
7 Make up seпteпces with а to-iпtlпitive as subject
Buy а пеw giamrnar book lt isп't expeп sive
It isп't expeпsive to buy а new grammar book l Ciiticize them It is easy
2 1 have а 1ot of fiieпds lt's пiсе
3 1 1ау awake all пight lt was diftlcu1t foi ше
4 Read the iпstшctioп It' s irnpoitaпt
5 Уон rnade sucl1 а fнss аЬонt а tгifle lt was veiy silly
6 Wheп you use а cornputei, you'll see tlшt it's very easy
7 Uпdeistaпdiпg this шlе isп't diftlcнlt
8 Wшkiпg with а сошрнtег is fasciпatiпg
9 You шust buy fгesh food lt's impotãtaпt l О lt'll Ье de1ightful if уон Ьну this сас
11 Childieп rnustп't play iп the stieet 1 t's поt safe
12 Doп't нsе tllis laddeг lt's daпgerous
8 Апswег the followiпg questioпs
U se ап infiпitive as а пotioпal subject pieceded Ьу tl1e iпtroductoiy subject it
Wheп sошеопе is 1ãeadiпg foi а diiver's test, what does it usually take а lot of tiшe to do?
[!!] нsually takes а lot of tirne to learn the rules in the driver's manual
VJ Exercises the subject l Wheп а peтson is takiпg the Ioad test, what is soшe tirnes diftlcнlt?
2 When diiviпg, what is agaiпst the Iules?
3 What is irnpoitaпt befoie takiпg а 1ong еюã trip? (to buy extia paits)
4 What wi11 Ье пecessaiy if уон go on а 1опg еюã trip? (to have а шар)
5 What is advisab1e befoie Ьнуiпg а cai?
6 Wlшt is пеееssюãу before dгiviпg Ioнnd а еошеi? (to look at the tiaftle 1ights)
7 Wlшt is а пшst if уош еюã is diity?
8 Wllile diiviпg iп the eotшt1ãy, wlшt is pleasaпt? (to stop tl1e eai апd lшve а swirn)
9 Wl1eп stopped Ьу а ро1iсешап, what is advisable? (not to aigue witl1 hirn)
1 О WI1eп поt sнге аЬонt the way, what is best to do? ( to l1ave а look at the шар)
11 Wheп gettiпg in а tшffie jаш, what is пeeessa1y? (to Ье patieпt)
12 Seeiпg ehi1dieп eioss the street, wlшt is best to do for а diivei?
9 Disagгee with the followi11g апd give уош гeaso11s
Use а11 i11fi11itive ог а11 i11fi11itive phгase as subject
- То Iook after а ЬаЬу is very pleasa11t, is11't it?
- Oh, 110, it is11't It's so tiresome to look after bables It гequiгes so much time a11d effoгt
- It's ver-y pleasaпt to look after а ЬаЬу, is11't it?
- I ca11't аgгее wit11 уоп hеге I think, it's so tir-esome to do it l to walk опе's dog
2 to do the wasl1i11g Ьу ha11d
3 to hir-e а 11шsе foi the sick
7 to Ье cl1eated Ьу people
8 to waste шо11еу 011 k11ick-kпacks
9 to stay iп tl1e suп loпg l О to рпt 011 weight
Use: haп11ful quite rãisky 11ecessar-y disappoiпti11g natшal advisa:Ыe dangeious tiгesome (rюt)easy silly co11veпie11t, etc
10 Апswег the followi11g questions
- Why is it 11ecessaгy to atteпd classes?
- It's 11ecessaгy to atteпd tl1em because it gives you an орршtнпitу to pгactise уоuг Eпglisl1
1 Wl1y is it ba:d to miss lessoпs in gгamшai?
2 Why is it sometimes difficult to lеаш the шles iп Eпglish?
3 Why is it advisaЬle to leaгn tl1e шles iп Eпglisl1?
4 Wl1y is it iшршtапt to шastei уош Eпglish?
5 Wl1y is it stгaпge to speak Russiaп at ап Eпglish Iessoп?
6 WI1y is it а mнst to speak Eпglisl1 at the lessoп?
7 WI1y is it iпteiestiпg to visit exhibitioпs?
8 Why is it пiсе to speak Eпglisl1 апd Ье spokeп to in
9 Wl1y is it а uнfшtuпate to lшve по EпglisJ1 textbooks?
10 Wl1y is it а misfoгtuпe to fail iп youi exam?
11 Tiaпslate iпto Eпglisl1 нsiпg ап iнfiпitive as subject
U ndel'liпe tl1e 11otioпal subject iл tl1e se11te11ces with the iнtioductoiy "it" l Курить так вредно, но он никак не может бросить
3 Соблюдение диеты - необходимость, а не каприз
4 Жениться на ней будет просто несчастьем
5 Было невыносимо слышать, как они ссорятся каж- дый вечер
6 Встретиться с ними у Браунов - это сюрприз
7 Бесполезно убеЖдать его не разводиться с н'ей
8 Интересно сходить на эту выставку
9 Трудно поверить в то, что он вернулся
10 Хорошо было бы посоветоваться с отцом
11 Небезопасно оставаться там на ночь
12 Идти на этот спектакль - пустая трата времени
V 2 the predicative То f'oгget one's ancestoгs is to Ье а brook without а source, а tree without а root
Iп this fuпctioп the iпfiпitive is part of а сош ронпd пошiпаl predicate апd follows the liпk verb to Ье as а rнle
То ask l1er qнestioпs is to irritate her Задавать ей вопросы значит раздражать ее
N ot to warп 11iш 1vas to let him down Не предостеречь его означало подвести его
The subject of such a compound nominal predicate is typically conveyed through one of three means: 1) by another infinitive, 2) by a noun indicating an action, state, or a vague idea, or 3) by a clause.
1) То see her is to adшire l1er Видеть ее значит восхищаться ею
2) Му hablt is to get нр еагlу У меня привычка - рано вставать
Their hope was to fiпd eveгybody safe Они надеялись (у них была надежда) найти всех целыми и невредимыми
Their duty will Ье to look after tl1e cblldreп Их обязанностью будет присматривать за детьми
The next tblng is to пюvе out of tl1e lюuse Следующий шаг - покинуть дом
3) What we want to do is to see our friends Чего нам хочется, так это повидаться с друзьями М у \vish is haЫt was duty will Ье iпteвtioп to do soшetlliвg advice to lшve а cold shower
JюЬЬу to do the dishes ptiвciple to get а job, etc difficulty to buy а cheap hoнse hope to elect the leadei", etc
The шdet" рюЬlеш busiвess шetlюd рlав pUIJIOSC
Wl1at I waвt to do is to go to tl1e сонпtrу to see шу frieвd,
WJ1at 1 waпted to do was etc
The gгeatest wealth is to live content with little, fог theгe is пеvег waпt wheгe the шiпd is satisfied
* * * Ош duty is to Ье useful, поt accoгdiпg to оuг desiгes, but accotãdiпg to oui poweгs Н F Amiel
TJ1e опlу way to get the best of ан агguшепt is to avoid it
In this function, the infinitive can be introduced by conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns, or adverbs such as what, whom, where, when, and how, forming a conjunctive infinitive phrase.
- А tпte bнsiпessшaп's absolute fuпdaшeпtal аiш is to make money out of satisfying customers
The ргоЫеm was what to do
Tl1e question is wlюm (who) to look fог
Tl1e tlling wheгe to find him wl1eн to stait lю'v to do it КЕЕР SMILING
- ВоЬ, уош dieam has always been to Ье up to the ears in love, hasп't it?
- Yes, it lшs Анd поw I'm head ovei eaiS iп deЬt, wl1ich pioves tlшt шу dieam lшs come tгue
1 Undeiline the infinitive о1ã the infinitive phгase used as piedi- cative
Tianslate tl1e sentences into Russiaп Рау attention to tl1e subject of eacl1 seпtence апd say what it is expп~ssed Ьу
Wlшt we 'vant to do is to see our classmates as soon as possiЬle Чего нам хочется, так это увидеться с одно классниками, как можно скорее
Tl1e iпfinitive plнase "to see our classmates as soon as possiЬle" is used as а piedicative of the compound nominal piedicate
The subject is expiessed Ьу tl1e clause "What we want to do"
The plan was to help her План состоял в том, чтобы помочь ей
The infiпitive phrase "to help her" is нsed as а piedi- cative of the соmроннd noшiпal pгedicate
The subject is expгessed Ьу tlle notш "The plan" l Tl1e рlап was to test tl1e пеw equi pment апd discнss the Iesнlts
2 Му duty will Ье to do the shoppiпg апd cook шeals
3 Theii busiпess is to sell foodstuffs
4 Hei metlюd is to шаkе а child tl1iпk and find his own solutioп
5 The next tlling is to fiпd ап expeiieпced nшse
6 Tl1e рiоЬlеш was wlю to tuш to foi advice
7 Wlшt I шust do is to have шу Volvo fixed as sооп as possiЫe
8 The oidei was to pшsue the man and catch him imme- diately
9 Hei habit is to put five lшnps of sugai in hei tea
10 Му biotllei's piinciple is to do eveiytlling himself and nevei ask foi anyone's help
11 T1leii ршроsе was to find а hotel and stay theie
12 Оuт fiist tlюught was to leave the place as quickly as possible untii we weie caught iп а stшm
13 Keliy's only сhапсе was to give evidence against Julian
14 Мап's tше vocation is to cultivate the gгound
15 Му опlу сопсеш was to get home afteг а haгd day's woгk
16 The questioп was lюw to fiпd theii house
2 Match the paгts of the seпtences clюosiпg tl1e coпespoпd iпg piedicative expiessed Ьу ан iпfiпitive ог ап iпfiпitive plнase l His pioblem is 1 to Iise to the top
2 Уош duty is 2 to IUn away to get maпi- ed
3 Hei dгeam was 3 to гent а Ioom of his own
4 Fгed's goal was 4 to feed уош pets
5 Tl1eii гidiculous 5 to clюose а good сагеег was
6 His paieпts' pioposal 6 to шапу iпto money was
7 What 11е should do is 7 to love уон blindly
8 Wlшt I doп't want to 8 to cali an ambulance do is 1\,
9 What tl1ey failed to do was
1 О What Sid was еаgег to do was
11 Wlшt tl1e wгiter waпted to do was
12 to call off the wedding
13 to find ап ехрегiепсеd editoг
Complete tl1e seпtences usiпg the coнjнnctive woгds what, l11/1om, lvlzere, hои' Ьеfоге an iпfiпit ive апd ан infiпitive plнase нsed as predicative
The main challenges included determining when to complete the test, deciding where to submit the money, figuring out the best location to take the test, planning how to arrive on time, and choosing what to eat for breakfast.
3 Ош рiоЬ1еш will Ье
4 TJ1e stвdents' difficulty is
6 Al1 рагенts' pioblem is
9 Tl1e tгouble with you is
4 Make up your own sentence accoiding to the mode1 using ан infiпitive ог ап infiпitive р\лаsе as piedicative
What I want to do is to visit my old friend
W1шt tl1ey Jeally waпted to do was to get married and Ье happy
Wlшt I must do is to hand the message to her
What l1e had to do was to accept their invita- tion
Wl1at she failed to do was t(J let the room
5 Tгaпslate tl1e senteпces into Eпglisl1 usiпg ап iпfinitive Ol' an infinitive plнase as piedicative
7 Единственное, что можно сделать, это отправиться к морю Сказать ему правду значит обрести в нем врага Их обязанность состоит в том, чтобы присматривать за домом Главная проблема в их жизни - где заработать день ги Мой совет - забыть его как можно скорее Приказ полковника был продвигаться вперед и ата ковать противника Наш план состоял в том, чтобы разыскать его отца
8 Его единственны:м желанием было, чтобы его оста вили в покое
9 Ее хобби- собирать старинные монеты и этикетки
1 О Вопрос в том, ю1х добраться до виллы
11 Что мне пришлось сделать, так это продать свою любимую картину
12 Главное бьшо заставить его признать свою вину
13 Его основной принцип - никогда не показывать свое превосходство
14 Их единственным шансом было улететь в Мадрид
V 2а part of а predicative А tгue fгieпd is difficult to find
It's the gгeatest of all tl1e Ыessiпgs
2а the infinitive as part of а predicative
Wl1en tl1e infiпitive forms part of а predicative, the otl1er part шау Ье expressed Ьу ал adjective
Sl1e is пеvе1ã easy to find Ее нелегко найти
Tl1e question was difficult to answer На этот вопрос было трудно ответить
The man is lшгd to please difficult to deal witl1 easy to teacl1
Tllis саг was to diive
PEOPLE SAY: Ве s!m~ã to promise апd quick to perform
The past is impossiЫe to catch
""' Не tlшt is slow to anger is bettei thaп the шigllty
The evils we biiнg оп ouгselves аге hardest to bear
6 U пdeiliпe the iпfiпitive oi the iпfiпitive phiase used as pait of а pi"edicative
Tiaпslate tl1e seпteпces iпto Russiaп
Say wlшt the fiгst pait of the pгedicative is expiessed Ьу
His wife is hard to please Его жене трудно угодить
TI1e lnfiпitive is used as pait of а predicative Tl1e fiist pat1 is expгessed Ьу the adjective 'Ъaid" l SociaЫe people aie easy to deal with
2 Saпdy is pleasant to talk to
3 Tl1is at-шclшii is vety comfoi"taЬie to sit in
4 The stoгy was aшusiпg to listen to
5 His advice was lшгd to follow
6 ResponsiЫe people aie easy to Iely upon
7 The cottage is quite convenieпt to live in
8 Stubboш people аге usually difficult to peisuade
9 Hei рlюпе numbei was impossiЫe to JemembeJ
7 Match the paits of the seпteпces
Choosing the right predicate expressed by an infinitive or an infinitive phrase is essential For instance, an interesting job can be challenging to engage in.
2 This poem is not easy 2 to look after
3 The aпnchair is comfor1aЬie 3 to listeп to
4 А good lесtшег is pleasant 4 to find
5 А messy child is ve1y difficult 5 to leaгn Ьу heart
6 Seveie paients aie impossiЬie 6 to buy at the chemist's
7 Т oddleгs aie aшusiпg 7 to offend
8 The sick aie haid 8 to biing up
9 Seпsitive people aie easy 9 to watch
10 This pain killei is possiЫe 10 to disobey
8 Paraphгase the sentences fгom exeicise 6 with an iпfinitive used as part of а predicative into seпteпces with an infiпitive as subject
N ote tl1e diffeience between tl1e stгuctшes and the way of
Social people are easy to interact with, making it simple to engage with them Dealing with sociable individuals is straightforward and enjoyable, as they tend to foster positive communication and connections.
~J TJaпslate tl1e seнtences iпto Englisl1 нsiпg an infinitive as part of а piedicative
2 Его стихи легко учить наизусть
3 Эти громоздкие формулы невозможно запомнить
5 Эту сцену было неприятно наблюдать
6 Его слова трудно было забыть
10 На нее всегда приятно смотреть
Vз part of а coшpound verbal predicate
In traveШпg а man must carry kпowledge witl1 llim
Fisl1 begiпs to shrink at the head
The joys of meeбng aie thought to рау the pangs of absence
the infinitive as part of а compound verbal Exerc ises ã
Iп this fнnctioп the iпfiпitive occurs iп three types of а соmронпd verbal predicate:
1 the соmронпd verbal modal predicate;
2 the соmронпd verbal pl1asal predicate;
3 tl1e соmронпd verbal predicate of douЫe orieпtatioп
1 As part of а compound verbal modal predicate the iпfiпitive follows а modal verb (tJie fitãst part of tbls predicate) апd deпotes tl1e action wblch ша у Ье possiЫe, oЬligatoгy, desiгaЫe, etc as indicated Ьу tl1e modal verb
1 don't have to work оп Sннdау Мне не нужно работать по воскресеньям
V 3 part of а compound verbal predicate
Passengers are required to present their tickets to the conductor If someone is feeling unwell, it may be advisable for them to consult a doctor Additionally, it is important to provide warnings to others when necessary.
Giief сап take care of itself, ~ but to get the full value of joy "'-~ /!"-~: l you шust have soшebody to ~~~ divide it with
We s!JOu/d measure affection not Ьу tl1e агdош of its passion, but Ьу its stiength and constancy
Di рlошасу is to do and say the nastiest things in the nicest way
V 3 part of а compound verbal predicate
II As part of а compound verbal phasal predicate tЬе infiпitive follows а pl1asal verb, tЬat is а verb tЬat deпotes tЬе begiппing, tl1e dнratioп, tЬе гepetition or tЬе епd of tЬе actioп expressed Ьу the iпfinitive ( to begin, to stmãt, to соте, to cease, to continue, used to, would, etc.)
People started to Jeave tl1e tlleatre long before the епd of tl1e play Публика стала уходить из театра задолго до конца спектакля
We sооп came to realize that all was in vaiп Мы скоро начали понимать, что все на прасно
It soon hegan to snow l1eavily Скоро пошел сильный снег
They gradнally ceased to talk апd fell asleep Постепенно они перестали разговаривать и заснули
It continued to rain tlle wlюle day Дождь шел целый день Не used to meet her oнtside tl1e Stores Обычно он встречал ее у магазина
Before leaviпg his office Mr Ferraro as а шatter of coнrtesy wou/d telepbone to llis wife Перед уходом с работы мистер Ферраро в виде жеста вежливости обычно звонил жене
V 3 part of а coшpound verbal predicate
The infinitive following the verb "to stop" conveys purpose, indicating that an action will occur afterward In this context, "to stop" means "to take a break" or "to pause in order to do something." For example, "He stopped to talk to me about our plans" suggests he paused specifically to discuss our plans, while "He stopped to light a cigarette" indicates he took a moment to light a cigarette.
As loпg as уон see the doнglшнt, you аге ап optiшist
As sооп as уон stmãt to see tl1e Jюle, yotl cease to Ье an optimist, у он aie а pessiшist
A child-like man is someone who continues to grow and evolve long after most adults have settled into the routines and conventions of middle age.
~ Уз part of а coшpound verbal predicate КЕЕР SMILING
George Washington had little patience for tardiness One morning, his secretary arrived late and found Washington already in his office When the secretary explained that his watch was incorrect, Washington calmly replied, "You must get another watch, and if that does not help, I shall find another secretary."
* * * Теасhег: Who сап say а tew woids аЬонt
Pupil: I сап RоЫпsоп Сшsо is kпоwп to Ье а gieat siпgeг vvlю used to live оп ап islaпd
In a compound predicate with double orientation, the infinitive follows the part of the predicate expressed by six groups of verbs and phrases, four of which are used in the passive voice.
1 seem, appear (казаться) prove, turn out (оказаться) happen, chance (случиться)
It appears that you have made an error He was a bachelor who seemed to avoid women.
1Ъе examiпer appears to Ье satisfied with you r aпswe1ã Кажетсн, экзаменатор доволен вашим от ветом
Tl1e1ãe appears to Ье а misuпderstaпdiпg Похоже, есть какое-то непонимание
1 happen to know you are wrong Я случайно знаю, что ты не прав
Tt1ey proved to Ье experts iп tl1is field Они оказались знатоками в этой области
Tl1e iпtinitive of tl1e vetЪ to Ье as а liпk verb шау Ье omitted: Не seeшs to Ье ill = Не seeшs ill
V 3 part of а compound verbal predicate ' КЕЕР SMILING
At а dinner party Charles I.ашЬ, the faшous Eпglish huшouiist, happened to Ье siШng beside а veiy talkative youпg cleigyшaп
Observiпg that LашЬ did поt listen to his preachiпg, tl1e young шап exclaiшed, "У ou don 't seem to profit Ьу what 1 аш telling you!"
"I don't," replied Lush; "but the gentleman next to me is sure to benefit greatly, as everything you say goes in one ear and out the other."
During a thrilling flight filled with extraordinary acrobatics, a nervous passenger leaned forward to express his anxiety to the pilot, saying, "You seem to forget that I've never flown before." The pilot casually responded, "Well, what about it? Neither have I."
Vз part of а coшpound verbal predicate Vз part of а coшpound verbal predicate
2 tbe passive voice of tl1e verbs of sense Tlle fire is helieved to bave started last night perception: to hear, to see, etc Считают, что пожар начался прошлой
Soon, the sound of the engine starting echoed in the night as he prepared his car The use of the perfect infinitive after verbs like "to believe" and "to expect" indicates an action that refers to the future.
She was never seen speaking to him again, and it is believed that this actor will participate in the new performance Additionally, he was never heard to say "thank you" in his life A new law is expected to be introduced next year.
Note: 4 tbe passive voice of tl1e verbs of saying: to
The infinitive is not used after passive forms of verbs such as "say," "report," and "announce," as well as "watch" and "notice." It is said that he knows everything and everyone.
3 The passive voice of ti1e verbs of шental activity: to think, to know, to expect, to Tl1e plane was announced to Ье landing believe, to suppose, to consider, etc Объявили, что самолет идет на посадку
The delegation is expected to arrive at the station shortly, where the goods have reportedly been stored in the warehouse.
the subjective infinitive construction
The sнbjective infinitive constшction consists of
1) а noшinal eleшent - а nо1ш in the сошшоn case or а рrопонn in tl1e noшinative case, and
2) а verbal еlешепt - ап infiпitive wl1icl1 de- пotes а state or ап actioп perfoпned Ьу а person or noп-persoп expressed Ьу the noшiпal eleшent Не is said to have been sent to N ew У ork Говорят, что его послали в Нью-Йорк Не seeшed to Ье а nice man Он казался милым человеком
Dinny is likely to come today Вероятно, Динни приедет сегодня
The priest was seen to enter the cl1urch Видели, как священник вошел в церковь
Unlike other infinitive constructions, this one does not form a single part of the sentence; instead, it is divided into two distinct parts.
VI2 tlle subjective infinitive coпstrнction Ьу а fiпite verb whicll is placed between theш
Tlle first part of tlle coпstructioп (tl1e пoшinal оп е) forшs tl1e subject of tl1e sепtепсе апd tlle infinitive шakes part of а coшpound veгbal predicate
Noun in the а tinite common case vегЬ
The painter Не seemed iпfiпitive j to se~ пothiпg
The finite verb in the example provided grammatically connects the elements of the construction but does not semantically refer to the subject By combining with the infinitive, the finite verb conveys an attitude toward the action or state expressed by the infinitive This attitude or judgment originates from an external source, rather than the subject mentioned in the sentence Consequently, the entire predicate is classified as a compound verbal.
The VI2 construction features a subjective infinitive that serves as a predicate with double orientation, establishing a semantic link between the subject and the infinitive, as well as between the finite verb and another entity mentioned in the sentence.
You are supposed to look after your pets Вы должны ухаживать за своими домашни ми животными Предполагается, что
The word "you" is semantically linked to the phrase "to look after," indicating the action of the subject In contrast, "she supposed" has only a grammatical connection with "you," agreeing in person and number but lacking a meaningful connection, as it does not express the action or state of the subject This distinction allows for the construction of complex sentences where the main clause's subject may refer to an indefinite group of people, represented by pronouns like "they" or "the young people," or may be formally expressed by the pronoun "it."
~ Tl1ey (People) sнppose tlшt you look after your pets
~ lt is sнpposed tЬat у он look after уонr pets
She seemed to Ье growing better ~ It seeшed (to people) tllat slle was growing better
VI2 tl1e subjective infinitive constrнction
Diplomacy is thought to Ье the ar.t of jurnping into tгoubH:d wateis withoнt rnakiпg а splash
The subjective infinitive construction is utilized with various finite verbs, both active and passive, conveying a general sense of attitude or sentiment when applied in this context.
1 Tl1e verbs нsed iп the р а s s i v е voice fall iпto foнr groнps:
3) verbs of saying and reporting;
4) verbs of inducement, compulsion and permission
1 Verbs of sense perception (to hear, to see, to observe, to watch) Wheп iп tl1e passive fonn these verbs are followed Ьу а to-infinitive Witl1 this coпstrнctioп they express tl1e idea of evideпce of sоше fact Here also belong sоше otller verbs wllich iп the passive voice express the idea of evideпce ( to find, to discover, etc.) Не was seen to cross tl1e river
(Soшebody was а witпess of this fact.) Видели, как он пересек реку
VI2 tl1e sнbjective iпfiпitive coпstгuctioп
They wer~ heard to enter the Ьонsе
(Soшebody heard it hарреп.) СлышалИ, как они вошли в дом
If а piocess is rneant, пon-peifect paiticiple I active is нsed:
They were seen swimming acioss the Iiver
2 Verbs of mental perception ( to tblnk, to know, to consider, to believe, to suppose, to expect, etc.) АН of tl1eш express sоше kiпd of expectatioп, of орiпiоп or of attitнde to the actioп expressed Ьу the iпfiпitive With the verb to expect the infiпitive iп this coпstructioп сап refer to а fнture actioп Не was supposed to marry her
(Soшebody was of tl1e орiпiоп that Ье shoнld шarry her or
Soшebody expected hiш to шarry her.) Предполагалось, что он на ней женится
Everyone was tlюught/ believed to have drown- ed Считалось, что все утонули Не was known to run faster tllaп апуопе else Было известно, что он бегает быстрее всех
VI2 the subjective infinitive construction
His policy is но policy And this in itself is supposed to Ье а policy
"BOTTOMS UP" is kno1vn to Ье absolu- tely taboo in the N avy
The soldiers were expected to do their duty in the coming battle Ожидалось, что солдаты выполнят свой долг в предстоящем сражении
3 Verbs of saying and reporting ( to say, to report) They denote different kiпds of judgement or comшent of tl1e action (state) expressed Ьу the infinitive А new star was reported to have appeared in the East Сообщили, что на Востоке появилась новая звезда
The treaty is said to have been signed yester- day Говорят, что соглашение было подпи сано вчера
VI2 the sнbjective infiпitive constructioп
The government delegatioп is said to Ье arriv- iпg at the moment Говорят, что в данный момент прибыва ет правительственная делегация
Experience is said to Ье а comb ~'Ь; J which nature gives us wheп we ~ d 1_ are bald х1
_di~ КЕЕР SMILING А Singнlai Ман
Biotltei: Are you really going to marry that young man, Jones? He is described as very kind and clever, but isn't he a bit strange? Regardless, he stands out from other young men.
4 Verbs of inducement, compulsion апd per- mission (to make, to all01v, to let, etc.) Wl1eп used iп the passive voicc tl1e verЪs to make апd to let aie followed Ъу а to-infinitive
She was made to take pony-ridiпg, or piano- exercise Ее заставили заняться верховой ездой или игрой на фортепьяно
He had learned to keep his thoughts to himself, which required him to strip away his personality As a result, he became accustomed to remaining silent about his true feelings, necessitating a detachment from his own self.
She was allowed to enter the room Ей разрешили войти
In all the above mentioned cases ( except group
4) the sentences with the subjective infinitive con- structions are translated into Russian Ьу а Russian complex sentence with an indefiпite-personal main clause (неопределепно-личное предложепие)
While sentences with the verbs of group 4 are translated into Russian Ьу simple sentences though also indefinite-personal ones
II Tl1e verbs used in tl1e а с t i v е voice are: to seem, to appear to happen, to chance кажется, по-видимому, похоже;
(tl1e latter is literary) - случаться, случайно про изойти; to prove, to turn out - оказаться
His illness seemed to have made llis eyes larger Казалось, что из-за болезни глаза у него стали больше
VI2 the subjective infinitive constrнction
She had previously mentioned this fact to Rebecca, but it seemed that the young lady had forgotten about it.
If Strickland was merely sulleп, Dirk appeared not to notice it Если Стрикланд просто дулся, Дирк, ка залось, не замечал этого
N о longer struggling he appeared not to Ье breathing at all Он больше не боролся и, казалось, не дышал вовсе
During a chance encounter on the street, a group of young people met a famous musician Throughout their long journey together, he proved to be an entertaining companion, making the experience memorable and enjoyable.
As it happeпed my advice proved to Ье wrong Случилось так, что мой совет оказался неправильным Не turned out to live in Hastings Оказалось, что он живет в Гастингсе
VI2 tl1e sнbjective iпfinitive coпstrнction VI2 the sнbjective iпfiпitive constrl1ctioп
His statement was proven to be false The use of modal phrases indicates an action related to the future, which means they cannot be followed by a perfect infinitive.
the for-to-infinitive construction
Tl1e for-to-iпfiпitive coпstrнctioп coпsists of
1 ) а поtш iп tl1e сошшоп case or а рrопоuп iп tl1e пoшiпative case апd
2) ап iпfiпitive whicl1 is iп predicate relatioп to the поuп or рrопоuп Tl1e coпstructioп is preceded Ьу tl1e prepositioп for, апd that explaiпs tl1e паше of the coпstruction j The for-to-infinitive construction
~Iepositioп поuп/ргопоun iнfmitive
Tl1ey waited for the door to open
It is useless for me to speak to him
This construction is translated iпto Rнssian Ьу either а subordinate clause or an infinitive:
First of all it lшd been ап exciteшent for Eveline to bave а fellow Прежде всего для Эвелин было большой ра достью то, что у нее появился молодой че ловек
VIз the for-to-infinitive constructioп
It was easy for me to answer tbat question Мне легко было ответить на этот вопрос
Tl1e for-to-infinitive coпstn1ction шау Ье used iп different syntactical fuпctioпs siшilar to those of а siпgle iпfiпitive
It сап Ье used as:
For Motber to ask Pbilip for mercy шеапt tl1at she was upset То, что мать просила милости у Филип па, означало, что она расстроена
In this function, the for-to-infinitive construction is typically found in sentences that begin with the introductory subject "it." For example, it is pointless for me to interfere.
It is safer for you to use а ladder Для тебя безопаснее воспользоваться стре мянкой
PEOPLE SAY: lt is а daпge1ãoнs thiпg for the ~ educated classes of important ~ _):, countries not to speak foreign ~~ ~ languages
Vlз the for-to-infinitive constructioп
That was for you to do Это ты должен был делать
The house was easy for us to find Нам легко было найти этот дом
SЬе did't care for this to bappen Она не хотела, чтобы это случилось
They are anxious for tbeir son to enter tbe University Они очень хотят, чтобы их сын по пал в университет
Do not wait for extraordinary circumstances to do any good; Т1у to use oJdinюy ciJcumstan- ces
There was по chance for ber to find а good job У нее не было шанса найти хорошую работу
( Chance is t.he subject шodified Ьу an attribute expressed Ьу а for-to-infiпitive construction)
Vlз the for-to-iпfinitive constructioп
The best thing for you to do is to coпfess Лучшее, что ты можешь сделать, - это признаться
PEOPLE SAY: lf you ãь ave no fJieпd to give you advice, theie may Ье а pillow for you to take counsel of
5 an adverblal modifier of а) purpose Не stopped for ber to catcb up witb him Он остановился, чтобы она могла до гнать его
Dorian stepped aside for tbe girl to pass Дориан отошел, чтобы дать девушке (возможность) пройти
PEOPLE SAY: У ou are fiee the moment you do поt look outside youгselffor someone to solve your proЬlems
In this fuпction the constructioп is chiefly pre- ceded Ьу eitЬer tl1e adverb enougb or the adverb too
Vlз tl1e for-to-iпfinitive constructioп Не has done enough for me to hate him Он сделал достаточно, чтобы я его возненавидела
Tl1e car is Ьig enough for six people to ride in Машина достаточно большая, чтобы в ней могло ехать шесть человек
The fog was too t11ick for us to go on Туман был такой (слишком) густой, что мы не могли/чтобы мы могли ид ти дальше
They spoke too fast for us to understand Они говорили так быстро, что мы не могли их понять
That is too difTicнlt for me to decide Это слишком сложно, так что я не могу это решить
We walked slow enough for the rest of the party to catch up witb us Мы шли достаточно медленно, так что остальная часть группы могла нас догнать
Vlз the for-to-iпfinitive constrнctioп КЕЕР SMILING А Bit of BackЬitiнg
Dr Ciisp attended a party in the countryside, but found the late dinner and company unappealing He decided to take a stroll in the garden and then to the nearby churchyard When dinner was finally served and he had not yet returned, a guest inquired about his whereabouts The host, embarrassed by Dr Ciisp's absence, explained that it was natural for him to visit his former patients since the churchyard was not far from the house.
Vlз Exercises the for-to-infinitive construction
1 U11derli11e the for-to-i11fi11itive coпstгuctio11 used as subject
Speak 011 the type of the subject
Tгa11s1ate the se11teпces iпto Russia11
For me to do it is vегу easy Сделать это мне очень легко
The task is straightforward for me, as it involves an introductory topic The potential subject is conveyed through the "for me to do it" infinitive construction.
1 Fог Jaпet to шаkе а sweatei OI а pull-over is пevei а рrоЫеш
2 lt was just а tiifle foi Teddy to гераiг апу саг
3 Foi Gшdоп to paiпt heJ poJtгait was а gгeat pleasшe
4 lt's iшpossiЬle fог апу wошап to Iesist this soti of teшp tatioп
5 Fог Ray to ask fог advice шеапt he was iпсараЫе to fiпd а ргореi so1utioп
6 lt was so haгd foJ hiш to гea1ise t1шt he was accused of such а сгiше
7 Не waпted to ask hei оп е ог two questioпs Ьнt it was difficu1t foJ hiш to attгact l1ег atteпtioп
8 The pill is so Ьig that it's iшpossiЫe foJ а child to swallow
9 He's always liked taking гisks апd it isп't easy fог us to peгsuade hiш поt to do it now
1 О Не kept wa1kiпg quick1y апd l had to гuп as it was im- possiЫe foi me to keep up witl1 lтim
Vlз Exercises the for-to-infinitive constmction
11 Molly was vегу kee11 011 classical music and for hег to 1isteп to jazz ог рор music was just like а tепiЫе toothac11e
12 F о г me to геmеmЬег meeti11g l1im mea11t to rешеmЬег eveгyt11i11g t1шt was co1111ected wit11 him
Match the patis of the se11teпces choosiпg the foг-to-iпfi nitive coпstгuctioп iп its ргорег fuпctioп l F ог l1iш to make а choice iп апу situatioп
1 t'ог t11eii laige family to live i11
2 His coшputei classes 2 fш all of us to admiгe are abso1utely песеssюу
3 А good fami1y doctш \ 3 fог hiш to eat is поt easy
4 Мг апd Mis Ctãisp 4 fог the Biowпs to find have do11e eпough
5 The wаtег-ше1оп is
6 We visited hei quite ofteп
7 Т11е doctoi's ргороsа1 was а good cha11ce
8 Is11't it а tedious a11d moпotoпous job
5 fог Jо1ш to Ье qualified fог l1is job
7 fог you to give up?
8 fог hei поt to feel loпely
9 Неге's а peгfect coup1e 9 fог theiг sоп to Ье set up оп tl1e Iight patl1
1 О The flat is too sшall 1 О seems to Ье а pioЬlem
VI 3 Е х е r с i s е s the for-to-infinitive construction ,
3 Refashion the sentences using the introductory subject it
For her to eat а dozen of cakes is quite а usнal thiпg '
- lt is quite а usual thing for her to eat а dozen of cakes
1 Fш Vivien to play the piano was always а gieat pleasure
2 For Jапе to lшve а swim is impossiЫe as she easily gets cold
3 For Gшham's g~ãalll1y to cook aпythiпg is поt а proЫem- she is ап excellent cook
4 Fш Joe to Ье takeп to see his ЬаЬу was just eve1ything
5 For Saпdy to рнt on this dгess V.'as to оЬеу her mother
6 Foi Joпathaп to mапу Sue was 11is eagei wish
7 Fш Iап to tell hег the stшy of llis 1ife meaпt to ореп his l1eaгt
8 Fог Мг Hollowood to accept theiг iпvitation meant to fшgive them
9 Fог him to keep silent and not to iпsult him in геtuш meant to withdшw fгom the battle with honouг
10 Fог E1eanoг's husbaпd to amuse 1limself Ьу haviпg people гоuпd him seemed absшd
11 Fог Sally to go to an агt galle1y meant to waste time
12 Fог Sid to get up еагlу is always а ргоЫеm - he is а night owl
13 Fог me to mапу Alfгed wouldп't Ье а way out
14 Fог l1er to go back to woгk would Ье а р1еаsше
15 Fог Ме1апiе to get into Noгwich Univeisity was hег one aim in 1ife
V/з Exercises the for-to-infinitive construction
4 Answei tl1e fo11owing questioпs
Use а foг-to-iпfiпitive constгuctioп as subject
What is it uпusual fог you to do iп the eveпiпg?
- lt's uпusual for me to stay at home just тeadiпg somethiпg
1 What is it usual fш you to do оп Satшday night?
2 W11еге is it commoп fог you to go оп Sнпdау?
3 How is it mo1ãe pleasaпt fог you to watch TV: sittiпg iп ап aгm-chaii ог lyiпg оп tl1e sofa?
4 How is it safe fог you to соше home late: аlопе ог with а fгieпd?
5 How is it good (daпgeioнs) fш уон to travel?
6 What actoi is it a1ways а pleasшe fог you to see оп the stage ã (оп ТV)?
7 What сап it Ье а slюck fог у он to see?
8 W1шt is it а waste of tiшe fог you to do?
9 Wlю шау it Ье а sшpгise fог you to meet iп уош towп?
10 What may it Ье а misfoгtнne fог you to miss?
11 What will it Ье а tгeat fог уон to watch?
12 Wl1eгe woнld it Ье good fOI уон to go оп holidays?
13 What is it а шust fш you to do in tl1e moшiпgjeveпiпg?
14 WheJe is it good fol' you to.speпd уош vacatioп?
15 Wlшt music is it always а pleasшe fOI you to listeп to?
16 Wlшt laпgнage is it а mнst fог you to study?
17 Wlшt countгy is it а dJeaш fш you to visit?
Vlз Exercises the for-to-infinitive construction
5 Make up two line dialogues witl1 ан infinitive-subject
When using adjectives to describe someone's behavior, it is important to follow the correct pattern by using "of" after the adjective Common adjectives that fit this pattern include kind, honest, silly, good, clever, stupid, helpful, intelligent, foolish, mean, sensible, careless, generous, reasonable, wrong, and brave.
- It was kind@ your parents to give me а lift
- Yes, it was nice @ them to do it
- I t was good @ N ell to help me clear away after the party
~ Oh, yes, it was kind @ her to do it
6 Tшпslate the seпtences iпto Eпglish
Use а foг-to-iпfiпitive coпstructioп as subject l Мне легко с ней Она чуткий и мягкий человек
2 Нам сложно объяснить вам, как нужно вести себя
3 Для Стива только удовольствие сходить с тобой в музей
4 Гарри трудно понять, почему она не хочет поехать на пикник
5 Для них не поверить тебе- это расстроить тебя
6 Нам нежелательно прерывать отношения с ними, потому что мы знаем их сто лет
Vlз Exercises the for-to-infinitive construction
7 Лоре легко изучать английский Она способна к языкам
8 Джерри ничего не стоит проконтролироватьã, как они выполняют свои обязательства
9 Сделать ей комплимент означает для него польстить ей
1 О Для Артура приехать на час позже значит больше ни когда не увидеть ее
11 Для него достичь чего-нибудь никогда не бывает проблемой По крайней мере, ему так кажется
12 Кейт очень важно купить новые очки Она не может читать в старых
13 Для нее так естественно не реагировать на такие слова
7 U пdeйine tl1e foi-to-iпfiнitive coнstiuctioп used as piedi- cative
Tianslate the seпteпces
T11is woik is for you to do Эту работу надо сделать Вам
1 The main pioblem is foi I1er to believe that l1e woп't соте back
2 T11is lюuse is just foi you to see
3 Tl1e fiгst thiпg was foi the cl1ild to Ье takeп to the doctoг
4 The best thiпg was fol' tl1e Robiпsoпs поt to get theii sон to sell l1is cai
5 The woiSt offeг was foi Апdгеw to leave 11is faшily апd go аЬгоаd to wшk fш that сашрапу
VI 3 Е х е r с i s е s the for-to-infinitive construction
6 The haidest рrоЬlеш was fш the pooi faшily to рау the Ient
7 The easiest way out is foi J оlш not to stay at а hotel but to Ient а fuшished Iоош
8 This papei is foi you to type апd seпd to ош paitnei
9 TI1e liпеп is f01ã Sandy to wasl1 OI to take to the lauпdiy
10 The book is fш Нешу to give back to Mike
11 The video is foi you to watcl1 if you like
8 Tianslate tl1e seнteпces iпto Eпg1ish
290 Рау atteпtioп to tl1e use ofthe foi-to-iпfiпitive coпstшctioп as piedicative
1 Для него лучше всего было бы не ходить к ней и не травмировать ее
2 Главное - ей понять, что отчаиваться не следует
3 Самое разумное для ребенка- не смотреть пош лые фильмы и не читать пустые книги
4 Основнан проблема- чтобы она нашла ей подходя щее лекарство
5 Хуже всего длн них - купить новый дом и не иметь возможности жить в нем
6 Самое нежелательное для Джека - получить зар плату меньше, чем он рассчитывал
7 Самое интересное для меня - съездить в Англию и посмотреть все главные достопримечательности
8 Самое простое для Вас :- не спорить с ними, а при нять все, как есть
9 Самое лучшее дтiЯ вас - согласиться играть эту роль
1 О Главное для вас - отдать ему долг и больше никогда не обращаться к нему
VI 3 Е х е r с i s е s the foJã-to-infinitive 'construction
9 lJndeiliпe the fш-to-infinitive coпstшction used as сошрlех object
Tiaпslate tl1e seпteпces
She doesп't caie for them to come Ей неважно, приедут ли они
(Их вИзит ее не волнует)
1 I doп't caie foi you to аgгее witl1 ше
2 She was aпxious foi l1iш to шапу Lady Goidoп's daughtei
3 We waited foi tl1e teacl1eг to соше апd stait the ехаш
4 She didп't сюãе foi l1ег fгieпds to appiove of hei de- cision
5 Roy was aпxious fш 1lis faшily to aпive as he шissed them а lot
6 ВагЬаiа waited foi Lапу to fiнd а way out foi both of theш
7 Tl1ey usually doн't саге fог tl1eii childieн to go to bed iн tiшe
10 Tгaпslate tl1e seпteпces into Englisl1 Рау atteнtioп to the use oftl1e foi-to-iнfinitive constшctioп as сошрlех object
L Он очень хочет, чтобы его сын женился и сделал хорошую карьеру
2 Ей все равно, одобряете ли вы ее выбор
3 Мы ждали, что они купнт новый телевизор, а нам отдадут старый
4 Меня не волнует, что они уезжают
5 Я очень хочу, чтобы мой фильм увидели за рубежом и оценили
Vlз Exercises the for-to-infinitive construction
6 Мы ждали, что шеф позвонит утром, но напрасно
7 Дэвид очень хочет, чтобы его жена нашла хорошую работу
11 Uпdeiline tl1e foг-to-infinitive constгuction used as attribute and the tюun it modifies
Tians1ate the seпtences iпto Russiaп
N ote tl1e modal meaning the constiuction may have
Tl1at's а chance for Sandy to change the tlat Это шанс для Сэнди сменить квартиру
Heie's the fax message for you to translate Вот факс, который Вы должны перевести
1 Theie's nothing fог us to talk about
2 We have vегу little foi them to give
3 Tlшt was the last tlling fог hег to say
4 TI1eie was по time fог them to pack tl1e things
5 TI1eie was пothiпg fог tl1e cllild to fеаг
6 Uпfшtunately, 1 haved пothiпg fог you to dгiпk We've тun out of wiпe
7 Tl1eгe's nothiпg fог you to аdшiге here
8 Theгe's something fог you to make ftlll of
9 Неге's а vегу inteгesting item fш you to геаd
1 О TI1is is not tl1e Iight giil foi you to шапу
11 Tlшt's а пiсе place fш нs to lшve а good time at
12 I've found а good job fог you to еаш enough money
Vlз Exercises the for-to-infinitive construction
12 Рашр11Гаsе tl1e sentences using tl1e t