Tổng hợp 25 chuyên đề ngữ pháp Sơ đồ tư duy bài tập khối 12

39  M t s cách hòa h p thì gi a m nh đ chính và m nh đ th i gian: ột phụ âm ối kết ợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian: ữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian: ệnh đề chính và

Pronunciation(Phát âm)

 PHÁT ÂM “ ED ” or “S / ES ”

/ z / k , p, f , t, th ( kh p ph phắ ố ường t i thui )ố

Ch, X , S, Z, Sh, SE, CE, GE

( Chúng x s z i Sh sẽ có gh )ổ ố ớ ệ

Khi t n cùng trậ ước nó là nguyên âm và các ph âm còn l iụ ạ

Cách phát âm đuôi -ed

/ d/ t , d ( tình đ u )ầ sh, s, ch, ss, ce, x, k ,p, f = gh

(Sáng s m chi sáu ch y xe kh p ph ớ ạ ắ ố phường )

Khi t n cùng trậ ước -ed nó là nguyên âm và các ph âm còn l iụ ạ

- “gh” đ c là “f” : laugh , cough, tough , roughọ

Note đuôi -ed Đuôi -ed trong các tính t sau đừ ược phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked, ragged wicked , blessed , wretched

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A final B writer C ivory D widow

Question 2: A passed B managed C cleared D threatened

Question 3: A ejects B defends C advocates D breaths

Question 4: A produced B believed C stopped D laughed

Question 5: A alien B alloy C alley D anthem

Question 6: A affected B looked C decreased D washed

Question 7: A missed B worked C realized D watched

Question 8: A need B speech C see D career

Question 9: A loved B appeared C agreed D coughed

Question 10: A pagoda B integral C against D aquatic

Question 11: A imagines B bikes C cultures D involves

Question 12: A office B practice C service D device

Question 13: A finished B cooked C attended D laughed

Question 14: A number B future C furious D amuse

Question 15: A concerned B candied C travelled D dried

Question 16: A speaks B speeds C graphs D beliefs

Question 17: A dune B hummock C shrub D buffalo

Question 18: A increased B pleased C replaced D fixed

Question 19: A looks B knows C helps D sits

Question 20: A linked B declared C finished D developed

Question 21: A heat B beat C meant D easy

Question 22: A sports B thanks C games D enthusiasts

Question 23: A sacrificed B trusted C recorded D acted

Question 24: A cooks B loves C joins D spends

Question 25: A interviewed B performed C finished D delivered

Question 26: A misses B goes C leaves D potatoes

Question 27: A removed B approved C reminded D relieved

Question 28: A young B plough C couple D cousin

Question 29: A confine B conceal C convention D concentrate

Question 30: A isolated B climate C island D automobile

Question 31: A river B rival C native D driven

Question 32: A valentine B imagine C discipline D determine

Question 33: A crop B common C household D bodily

Question 34: A merchant B sergeant C mermaid D commercial

Question 35: A obstacle B obscure C obsession D oblivious

Question 36: A failed B reached C absorbed D solved

Question 37: A develops B takes C laughs D volumes

Question 38: A species B invent C medicine D tennis

Question 39: A advanced B established C preferred D stopped

Question 40: A exact B examine C eleven D elephant

Question 41: A heavy B head C weather D heat

Question 42: A processed B infested C balanced D reached

Question 43: A food B shoot C book D boot

Question 44: A amount B country C counter D around

Question 45: A apologize B agree C algebra D aggressive

Question 46: A likes B tightens C heaps D coughs

Question 47: A building B suitable C suit D recruitment

Question 48: A create B creature C easy D increase

Question 49: A needed B played C rained D followed

Question 50: A ploughs B photographs C gas D laughs

Question 51: A broad B load C road D boat

Question 52: A acronym B agency C became D aviation

Question 53: A account B amount C mourning D trout

Question 54: A sound B touchy C outdated D account

Question 55: A fungus B rubbish C function D furious

Question 56: A contain B entertain C certain D campaign

Question 57: A measure B pleasure C threat D treat

Question 58: A south B southern C scout D drought

Question 59: A dome B comb C home D tomb

Question 60: A accountant B country C count D fountain

Question 61: A clubs B books C hats D stamps

Question 62: A advance B ancient C cancer D annual

Question 63: A canoeing B penalty C rival D tsunami

Question 64: A increase B meant C flea D lease

Question 65: A goalie B archive C signal D advertisement

Question 66: A bury B hurt C turn D excursion

Question 67: A book B foot C brook D booth

Question 68: A punctual B rubbish C thunder D furious

Question 69: A sound B touch C down D account

Question 70: A clerk B reserve C deserve D herb

Question 71: A spark B share C park D smart

Question 72: A hasty B nasty C wastage D tasty

Question 73: A neigh B height C weigh D vein

Question 74: A butter B gum C butcher D summer

Question 75: A hall B salt C drawn D roll

Question 76: A lost B post C loan D pole

Question 77: A adopted B appealed C dedicated D wounded

Question 78: A mile B militant C smile D kind

Question 79: A peace B great C treat D meat

Question 80: A sailor B tailor C naivety D painter

Tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ đa âm tiết, trong đó những từ có hai âm tiết thường có một âm tiết được phát âm khác biệt so với các âm tiết còn lại Âm tiết được nhấn trọng âm thường được phát âm to hơn, cao hơn và kéo dài hơn so với những âm tiết khác trong cùng một từ Điều này có nghĩa là trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đó, tạo ra sự khác biệt rõ ràng trong cách phát âm.

Khi nhìn vào phiên âm c a m t t thì tr ng âm c a t đó đủ ộ ừ ọ ủ ừ ược kí hi u b ng d u (') phía trệ ằ ấ ở ước, bên trên âm ti t đó.ế

- Danh t ho c tính t : nh n ừ ặ ừ ấ ở âm ti t ế đ uầ

- Đ ng t : nh n ộ ừ ấ ởâm ti t ế cu iố

2 Các t t n cùng là: ừ ậ IC, ION,

IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY,

IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS,

UOUS ( nh n tr ấ ướ c nó 1 âm)

3 Các t t n cùng là: ừ ậ OUS, ATE,

TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY,

(nh n tr ấ ướ c nó 2 âm)

4 Các t t n cùng là: ừ ậ ADE, EE,

The article explores various concepts related to economic dynamics, including the importance of efficient export strategies and the role of active participation in preventing economic stagnation It highlights the significance of a diverse range of experiences, from musicians to engineers, and emphasizes the value of a considerate attitude in both professional and volunteer settings The discussion also touches on the influence of mechanical innovations and the arts, such as photography and astrology, in shaping modern democracy and fostering a vibrant community.

VÍ DỤ NGO I LẠ Ệ cadec, listen, open, guitar, patrol, visit arithmetic, heretic, appliance incarnate, disastrous centigrade,

Stress(Tr ng âm) …………………………………………………………………………………… 6 ọ

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A apply B persuade C reduce D offer

Question 2: A preservatives B congratulate C preferential D development

Question 3: A president B physicist C inventor D property

Question 4: A economy B unemployment C communicate D particular

Question 5: A elephant B dinosaur C buffalo D mosquito

5 Danh t kép, ừ tr ng âm r i ọ ơ vào âm ti t đ u ế ầ

6 Tính t kép, đ ng t kép, ừ ộ ừ tr ng âm r i vào ọ ơ âm ti t th ế ứ hai blackbird, greenhouse bad-tempered, old- fashioned understand, overflow

CHÚ Ý KHI XÉT TR NG ÂMỌ

Tr ng âm không bao gi ọ ờ r i vào âm / /ho c là ơ ə ặ âm / əʊ /

Tr ng âm thọ ường r i vào nguyên âm ơ dài/nguyên âm đôi ho c âm cu i k t ặ ố ế thúc v i nhi u h n ớ ề ơ m t ph âmộ ụ

N u t t c các âm ế ấ ả mà ng n h t thì ắ ế tr ng âm r i vào âm ọ ơ ti t th nh tế ứ ấ Đ i v i t có 2 âm ti t ố ớ ừ ế :

- khi âm ti t đ u đế ầ ược phát âm là / ə / thì tr ng ọ âm r i vài âm ti t th 2ơ ế ứ

- Đ i v i t có 3 âm ố ớ ừ ti t ho c có 4 âm ti t: ế ặ ế

- tr ng âm r i và âm ọ ơ ti t trế ở ước h u t ậ ố

Question 6: A scientific B intensity C disappearance D expectation

Question 7: A conference B lecturer C researcher D reference

Question 8: A intentional B optimistic C environment D participant

Question 9: A explain B happen C decide D combine

Question 10: A represent B intensive C domestic D employment

Question 11: A minister B dependent C encourage D agreement

Question 12: A equip B listen C answer D enter

Question 13: A involve B provide C install D comment

Question 14: A hospital B inflation C policy D constantly

Question 15: A garment B comment C cement D even

Question 16: A different B achievement C educate D primary

Question 17: A sorrow B schooling C passion D subtract

Question 18: A certainty B activity C organize D compliment

Question 19: A publish B replace C involve D escape

Question 20: A police B system C woman D novel

Question 21: A attract B amaze C offer D require

Question 22: A delicate B promotion C volcanic D resources

Question 23: A figure B honest C polite D happy

Question 24: A engage B import C conserve D maintain

Question 25: A original B responsible C reasonable D comparison

Question 26: A person B hotel C signal D instance

Question 27: A situation B appropriate C informality D entertainment

Question 28: A different B bamboo C rainfall D wildlife

Question 29: A gorilla B interesting C September D opponent

Question 30: A promote B precede C picture D pollute

Question 31: A exciting B impolite C attention D attractive

Question 32: A curious B receive C unique D achieve

Question 33: A comprehend B entertain C develop D introduce

Question 34: A consider B concentrate C interest D sacrifice

Question 35: A pollutant B graduate C enjoyable D suspicious

Question 36: A generous B endangered C horrible D wonderful

Question 37: A history B village C surprise D physics

Question 38: A deafness B arrange C absorb D exhaust

Question 39: A pressure B sensible C treatment D canal

Question 40: A publish B predict C reply D refuse

Question 41: A machine B export C chemist D proceed

Question 42: A applicant B preference C sufficient D appointment

Question 43: A interview B concentrate C comfortable D technology

Question 44: A example B happiness C advantage D disaster

Question 45: A explain B involve C swallow D control

Question 46: A character B guitarist C astronaut D bachelor

Question 47: A surgeon B conquest C profit D canal

Question 48: A supply B consist C happen D delay

Question 49: A broaden B persuade C reduce D explain

Question 50: A solidarity B effectively C documentary D dedication

Question 51: A royal B unique C remote D extreme

Question 52: A enroll B promote C require D danger

Question 53: A optimistic B diversity C environment D assimilate

Question 54: A affectionate B kindergarten C respectable D occasional

Question 55: A certificate B compulsory C remember D information

Question 56: A treasure B appoint C advance D diverse

Question 57: A conceal B contain C conserve D conquer

Question 58: A forgettable B philosophy C humanism D objectively

Question 59: A centralize B candidate C applicant D motivation

Question 60: A compass B campus C comfort D command

Kh ng ẳ đ nhị S + V[-s/es] S + V-ed/V c t 2ộ

Ph đ nhủ ị S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 S + didn’t + V1

Nghi v nấ Do / Does + S + V1 …? Did + S + V1 …?

- every:every day, every year, every Sunday

- last + time: last week, last Sunday…

- time+ ago : two months ago, five years ago…

- in the past, in + year (past): in 1990, …

(Hi n t i ti p di n)ệ ạ ế ễ PAST CONTINUOUS

Kh ng ẳ đ nhị S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing

Ph đ nhủ ị S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing

Nghi v nấ Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …?

Vd: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping.

- When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/ were

Vd: When I came, she was crying.

- While : Vd: A dog crossed the road while I was driving.

Verb tenses( Thì c a đ ng t ) ………………………………………………………………… 8 ủ ộ ừ

Kh ng ẳ đ nhị S + has / have + V-ed/V c t 3ộ S + had + V-ed/V c t 3ộ

Ph đ nhủ ị S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V c t 3ộ S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V c t 3ộ

Nghi v nấ Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V c t 3 …?ộ Had + S + V-ed/ V c t 3…?ộ

- just, already, ever, yet, recently, lately,

- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years

- so far, up to now , It is the first time…

- after + S + had V 3/ED , (simple past)

- before + (simple past), S + had V 3/ED

- By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had V 3/ED : cho đ n lúc ế

Kh ng ẳ đ nhị S + will + V 1 S + will have+ V-ed/ V c t 3ộ

Ph đ nhủ ị S + won’t + V 1 S + won’t have + V-ed/ V c t 3ộ

Nghi v nấ Will + S + V 1? Will + S + have + V-ed/ V c t 3…?ộ

- next + time : next week, next Monday,….

- by the end of this month

- by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + will have V 3/ED

Kh ng ẳ đ nhị S + am/is/are going to + V 1 S + will be + ving

D u hi u ấ ệ nh n bi t ậ ế - Di n t 1 k ho ch, d đ nh.ễ ả ế ạ ự ị

- Di n t 1 d đoán có căn cễ ả ự ứ - Di n t 1 s vi c đang x y ra tể ả ự ệ ả ở ương lai.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 Jane law at Harvard for four years now.

A is studying B has been studying C studies D studied

2 This time tomorrow on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit juice!

A I’ll have been lying B I will lie

C I will be lying D I will have lain

3 We for three hours and we are very tired.

A waited B have been waiting C wait D had waited

4 She for hours That’s why her eyes are red now.

A cried B has been crying C was crying D has cried

5 When I last saw him, he in London.

A is living B has been living C was living D lived

6 By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they for London.

A would have left B will have left C will left D are leaving

7 Mr Pike English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year.

A had been teaching B has been teaching

8 They for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow.

A will be leaving B have left C will have left D will leave

9 When I to the airport, I realized that I my passport at home.

A got/had left B got/left C had got/had left D got/was left

10 I was angry when you saw me because I with my sister.

A have been arguing B had been arguing C argued D would argue

11 Call me as soon as you your test results.

A get B will get C will have got D got

12 I to Greece until Sally and I went there last summer.

A have never been B had never been C was never being D were never

13 I along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.

A was walking B am walking C walk D walked

14 He occasionally a headache in the morning.

A has had B has C have D is having

15 The boy fell while he down the stairs.

A run B running C was running D.runs

16 I will come and see you before I for America.

A leave B will leave C have left D left

17 When the first child was born, they _ for three years.

A have been married B had been married

C will be married D will have been married

18 It a long time since we were apart I did not recognize her.

A is B has been C was D had been

19 Many of the people who attended Mr David’s funeral him for many years.

A didn’t see B wouldn’t see C haven’t seen D hadn’t seen

20 We were both very excited about the visit, as we each other for ages.

A never saw B didn’t see C hadn’t seen D haven’t seen

21 In one year’s time, she for this company for 15 years.

A will be working B will have been working

22 His health has improved a lot since he doing exercises regularly.

A starts B started C has started D had started

23 She hurt herself while she hide-and-seek with her friends.

A is playing B had played C played D was playing

24 .What at 9 o’clock last night? I phoned you but couldn’t get through to you.

A did you do B were you doing C would you do D had you done

25 It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder We such a terrible thunderstorm.

A would never see B had never seen C have never seen D never see

26 I _ my old teacher last week.

A visited B visit C am visiting D have visited

27 My brother usually me for help when he has any difficulties with his homework.

A ask B asks C asked D has asked

28 I all of my homework last night.

A finish B will finish C have finished D finished

29 Lan learning English a few years ago.

A starts B will start C started D is starting

30 Only after she from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health.

31 Only after the bus for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route.

A was running B had run C has run D runs

32 The children to bed before their parents came home from work.

A were all going B had all gone C had all been going D have all gone

33 Paul noticed a job advertisement while he along the street.

A was walking B would walk C walked D had walked

34 I haven’t met him again since we school ten years ago.

A have left B leave C left D had left

35 For the last 20 years, we significant changes in the world of science and technology.

A witness B have witnessed C witnessed D are witnessing

36 My best friend Lan to England 10 years ago.

A was moving B moves C moved D has moved

37 Mr.Pike for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here until he .

A worked/retires B works/is retiring

C has been working/retires D is working/will retire

38 While I at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.

A was waiting B waited C had waited D were waiting

39 By the end of last March, I English for five years.

A had been studied B had been studying

C will have been studying D will have studied

40 Alan for hours but he hasn’t answered his mobile I hope nothing’s wrong.

A I call B I’ve been calling C I’m calling D called

41 We in silence when he suddenly me to help him.

A walked - was asking B were walking - asked

C were walking - was asking D walked - asked

42 By the time the software on sale next month, the company $2 million on developing it.

A went - had spent B will go - has spent

C has gone - will spend D goes - will have spent

43 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television.

A called /was watching B had called /watched

C called /have watched D was calling /watched

44 Linda took great photos of butterflies while she in the forest.

A was hiking B is hiking C hiked D had hiked

45 When I for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me.

A was waiting B waited C had waited D were waiting

M t câu có th bao g m m t m nh đ chính (main clause) và m t ho c nhi u m nh đ ph ộ ể ồ ộ ệ ề ộ ặ ề ệ ề ụ

(subordinate clause) Khi trong câu có hai m nh đ tr lên, các đ ng t ph i có s ph i h p v thì.ệ ề ở ộ ừ ả ự ố ợ ề

 M t s cách hòa h p thì gi a m nh đ chính và m nh đ th i gian:ộ ố ợ ữ ệ ề ệ ề ờ

Adverbial clause of time (M nh đ tr ng ng ch th i gian)ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ờ

1 S ph i h p thì trong m nh đ tr ng ng ch th i gian: ự ố ợ ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ờ

WHEN di n t hành đ ng x y ễ ả ộ ả ra n i ti p nhauố ế Trong QUÁ KH :Ứ

WHEN + S + V (quá kh đ n), S + V (quá kh đ n)ứ ơ ứ ơ

Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me.

WHEN + S + V (hi n t i đ n), S + V (tệ ạ ơ ương lai đ n)ơ

Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you.

The sequence of tenses( S ph i h p thì) ………………………………………………… 9 ự ố ợ

di n t m t hành đ ng ễ ả ộ ộ đang x y ra thì có hành ả đ ng khác xen vàoộ

WHEN + S + V (quá kh đ n), S + V (quá kh ti p di n)ứ ơ ứ ế ễ

Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner.

WHEN + S + V (hi n t i đ n), S + V (tệ ạ ơ ương lai ti p di n)ế ễ

Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you there. di n t m t hành đ ng ễ ả ộ ộ x y ra xong trả ước m t ộ hành đ ng khácộ

WHEN + S + V (quá kh đ n), S + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ứ ơ ứ

Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off

WHEN + S + V (hi n t i đ n), S + V(tệ ạ ơ ương lai hoàn thành)

Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished building a new bridge.

AS di n t hành đ ng x y ễ ả ộ ả ra n i ti p nhauố ế

AS SOON AS + S + V (quá kh đ n), S + V (quá kh đ n)ứ ơ ứ ơ

Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away.

AS SOON AS + S + V (hi n t i đ n/hi n t i hoàn thành), S + V (tệ ạ ơ ệ ạ ương lai đ n)ơ

Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work.

SINCE di n t nghĩa “t khi’’ễ ả ừ S + V (hi n t i hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá kh đ n)ệ ạ ứ ơ

Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school.

TIME di n tễ ả hành đ ng k t ộ ế thúc tính đ n m t đi mế ộ ể nào đó trong quá kh /tứ ương lai

BY + tr ng t c a quá kh + S + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ạ ừ ủ ứ ứ

Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for 9 years.

BY + tr ng t c a tạ ừ ủ ương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành)

Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for 9 years.

TIME di n tễ ả hành đ ng đangộ x y ra t i m t th i ả ạ ộ ờ đi m xác đ nh trong quáể ị kh /tứ ương lai

AT THIS/THAT TIME + tr ng t c a quá kh + S + V (quá kh ti p ạ ừ ủ ứ ứ ế di n)ễ

Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet.

AT THIS/THAT TIME + tr ng t c a tạ ừ ủ ương lai + S + V (tương lai ti p ế di n)ễ

Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the garden.

TIME di n tễ ả nghĩa “vào lúc”

BY THE TIME + S + V (quá kh đ n), S + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ứ ơ ứ

Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed.

BY THE TIME + S + V (hi n t i đ n), S + V (tệ ạ ơ ương lai hoàn thành)

Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed.

AFTER di n tễ ả hành đ ng x y ộ ả ra xong r i m i t i hànhồ ớ ớ đ ng khácộ

AFTER + S + V (quá kh hoàn thành), S + V (quá kh đ n)ứ ứ ơ

Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk.

AFTER + S + V (hi n t i hoàn thành), S + V (hi n t i đ n)ệ ạ ệ ạ ơ

Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk.

BEFORE di n tễ ả hành đ ng x y ộ ả ra xong trước khi có hành đ ng khác t iộ ớ

BEFORE + S + V (quá kh đ n), S + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ứ ơ ứ

Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors.

BEFORE + S + V (hi n t i đ n), S + V (tệ ạ ơ ương lai hoàn thành)

Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the movie.

TILL di n tễ ả nghĩa “cho t i ớ khi”

S + V (tương lai đ n)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) + UNTIL/TILL + S + V ơ (hi n t i đ n/hi n t i hoàn thành)ệ ạ ơ ệ ạ

Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible.

Wait here until I come back.

 CHANGE INTO THE PAST SIMPLE  PRESENT SIMPLE PERFECT

1.S + Last +V2/ed + time +ago/in+ m c th i gian./when + clauseố ờ

=> S +have/has + not + V3/ed + for +kho ng th i gian.ả ờ

=>It’s + time + since + S +last +V2/ed

=>The last time + S + V2/ed +was+ time + ago

2.This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed

=>S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before

3.S started/began + Ving/to V +………+kho ng th i gian +agoả ờ

+……… In + m c th i gian./when + clauseố ờ

=>S + have/has + V3/ed +for + kho ng th i gianả ờ

4.When + did + S + started/begin + to V/Ving……… ?

=>How long + have/has + S + V3/ed….?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 I your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon.

A meet B met C have met D had met

2 He a cigarette and to the window.

A light; walked B lit; walks C lighted; walked D lights; walks

3 After she for help, she off her shoes and in to save him.

A shouted; took; jumped B had shouted; took; jumped

C had shouted; had taken; jumped D shouted; had taken; jumped

4 I can't go with you because I my homework yet.

A haven't finished B had finished C finished D finish

5 He for London 2 years ago and since then I him.

A have left; didn't see B left; haven't seen

C eft; hadn't seen D had left; have't seen

6 The performance at 7 o'clock and for 3 hours We all it very much.

A had started; had lasted; enjoyed B had started; lasted; enjoyed

C started; had lasted; enjoyed D started; lasted; enjoyed

7 Tell them to stop and take a rest They long enough.

A have worked B had worked C have been working D had been working

8 "You here before?” "Yes, I my holidays here last year.”□

A have you been; spended B have you been; spent

C had you been; spent D were you; spent

9 We our housework by tomorrow evening.

A will finish B will have finished

C will be finishing D are going to finish

10 "Your face is dirty, Tom.” - "All right, I it.”

A am washing B am going to wash C will wash D will have washed

11 Coming into the room, he Mary where he her.

A see; left B saw; had left C had seen; left D saw; was leaving

12 I from him since he two years ago.

A hadn't heard; disappeared B haven't heard; disappeared

C didn't hear; has disappeared D will not hear; disappears

13 After the guests she back into the living-room and off the light.

A left; went; turned B had left; had gone; turned

C have leftt; will got; turned D had left; went; turned

14 By the time you finish cooking they their homework.

A will have finished B will finish C had finished D have finished

15 "You have just missed the last train.” "Never mind I ”□

A will be walking B am going to walk C will walk D am walking

Ch ng là danh t s ít ho c danh t không đ m đủ ữ ừ ố ặ ừ ế ược đi cùng đ ng t s ít và ch ng s nhi u đi ộ ừ ố ủ ữ ố ề cùng đ ng t s nhi u.ộ ừ ố ề

Tuy nhiên, đôi khi chúng còn hòa hợp với động từ tùy theo ý tưởng được diễn đạt trong câu Dưới đây là một số quy tắc cơ bản về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ.

Ch ng là danh t và c m danh t s ít.ủ ữ ừ ụ ừ ố

Subject and verb agreements( S hòa h p ch ng và đ ng t ) …………… … 11 ự ợ ủ ữ ộ ừ

Ch ng là các đ i lủ ữ ạ ượng ch th i gian, kho ng cách, ti n b c, hay s đo lỉ ờ ả ề ạ ự ường.

Ch ng là các đ i t b t đ nh: ủ ữ ạ ừ ấ ị someone, anything, nothing, eve-eryone, another…

Ch ng là m nh đ danh t Ex: All I want to do now is to sleep.ủ ữ ệ ề ừ

Ch ng b t đ u b ng “to infinitive” ho c “V-ing”.ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ ặ

Ch ng b t đ u là m t phân s có t s là 1 ủ ữ ắ ầ ộ ố ử ố Ex: 1/2 is larger than 1/3

There are various categories of proper nouns, including academic subjects like Physics and Mathematics, sports such as billiards and athletics, news topics, diseases like rabies and measles, names of countries and organizations like the UN, the United States, and the Philippines, as well as animal species such as ants and elephants.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng: ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ Most of/All of/Plenty of/ + N (không đ m đế ược/s ít).ố

Ch ng b t đ u b ng “ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ The number of + N (s nhi u)ố ề ”.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng “ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ None of + N (s nhi u)/ No + N (s ít)”.ố ề ố

Ch ng b t đ u b ng Nủ ữ ắ ầ ằ 1 (s ít) of Nố 2.

Ch ng là c m danh t ch nhóm đ ng v t (s ít) mang nghĩa “ủ ữ ụ ừ ỉ ộ ậ ố b y, đànầ ”: flock of birds/sheep, school of fish, pride of lion, pack of dogs, herd of cattle…

A large amount/A great deal + N (không đ m đế ược/ s ít).ố Neither (of)/Either of + N (s nhi u)ố ề

- Either of them works in this company.

Ex: “Chi pheo” is a famous work of Nam Cao.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng “A pair of + N (s nhi u)”.ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ ố ề

Ex: A pair of pants is in the drawer

Ch ng là danh t và c m danh t s nhi u.ủ ữ ừ ụ ừ ố ề

Ex: Oranges are rich in vitamin C

M t s danh t k t thúc b ng “s” nh ng dùng s nhi u:ộ ố ừ ế ằ ư ố ề people, police, cattle, children, geese, mice…

Ex: People are searching for something to eat.

Hai ch ng n i nhau b ng “and” và có quan h đ ng l pủ ữ ố ằ ệ ẳ ậ

Ex: Jane and Mary are my best friends.

Tuy nhiên, n u 2 danh t cùng ch m t ngế ừ ỉ ộ ười, m t b ph n ho c 1 món ăn… ộ ộ ậ ặ thì đ ng t chia s ít (L u ý: không có “the” trộ ừ ở ố ư ở ước danh t sau “and”.)ừ

Ex: Bread and butter is their daily food.

Ex: Both Betty and Joan are cooking for their dinner party.

Ch ng là 1 đ i t : ủ ữ ạ ừ several, both, many, few, all, some + N (s nhi u).ố ề

Ex: Several students are absent.

Ch ng là ủ ữ “The + adj”, ch m t t p h p ngỉ ộ ậ ợ ười

Ex: The poor living here need help.

Ch ng b t đ u là m t phân s có t s t 2 tr lên.ủ ữ ắ ầ ộ ố ử ố ừ ở

Các danh t luôn dùng d ng s nhi u (thừ ạ ố ề ường đi theo c p): trouser, eyeglasses, jeans,ặ tweezers, shorts, pliers, pants, tongs…

Ex: The pants are in the drawer.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng: ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ Most of/All of/ Plenty of/Some of/Majority of/

The last of/ One of/Half of/Part of/The rest of/Percentage of/A lot of/Lots of/A third of/Minority of + N (s nhi u).ố ề

Ex: Most of people in the factory are male.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ “A number of + N (s nhi u).ố ề

Ex: A number of students going to class decrease.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ “No + N (s nhi u).ố ề

Ex: No people understand what he says.

Ch ng b t đ u b ng ủ ữ ắ ầ ằ “N 1 (s nhi u) of Nố ề 2 ”.

Ex: The studies of how living things work are called philosophy.

Ch ng là c m danh t ch nhóm đ ng v t (s nhi u) mang nghĩa “b y, đàn”: ủ ữ ụ ừ ỉ ộ ậ ố ề ầ flocks of birds/sheep; schools of fish; prides of lion; packs of dogs; herds of cattle…

Ex: Flocks of birds are flying to its destination.

V chia theo chủ ng đ u tiênữ ầ

Ch ng đủ ữ ược n i v i nhau b i các liên t : ố ớ ở ừ “as long as, as well as, with, together with, along with, in addition to, accompanied by”.

- She, along with her classmates, is going to university this year.

- Mrs Smith together with her sons is going abroad.

V chia theo các danh t th 2ừ ứ

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 One of a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table. a my friend keep c my friend keeps b my friends keep d my friends keeps

2 Every love. a man, woman and child needs c man, woman and child need b men, women and children needs d men, women and children need

3 One of the girls who in this office my niece a works / is b works / are c work / is d work / are

4 Neither Lan nor her parents the film. a like b likes c is like d are like

5 Each the same as the day before. a days was b day was c days were d day were

6 More men than left handed. a woman are b woman is c women are d women is

7 Every one of the students on time for class a is b are c were d have been

8 There some money on the table. a are b were c have been d is

9 This information about taxes helpful a were b have been c is d are

10 The vegetables in the bowl on the table fresh. a looks b smells c are d is

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

1 A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered

A B C basic part of the education of every child.

2 Lan together with her boyfriends are working in groups to find out the solution to that problem.

3 Each of the members of the group were made to write a report every week.

4 1.6 billion gallons were sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries.

5 Buying clothes is often a time-consuming practice because those clothes that a

A B person likes is seldom the ones that fit him or her.

6 Most bacteria has strong cell walls much like those of the plants.

7 Measles have not yet been eradicated because of the controversy concerning immunization

8 Whether life in the countryside is better than that in the city depend on each

9 Never before has so many people in the United States been interested in soccer.

10 She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down.

11 Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called.

12 As a result of the Women’s Movement, women now holds positions

A B that were once restricted to men.

13 One of the students who are being considered for the scholarship are from this university.

14 Mrs Steven, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the festivities

15 The mining of minerals often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife habitats.

16 The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election returns on TV.

17 Neither Russia nor the United States have been able to discover a mutually

A B C satisfactory plan for gradual disarmament.

18 The office furniture that was ordered last month have just arrived, but we’re not sure

A B whether the manager likes it.

19 What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and

A B C policemen who had been laid off from their jobs.

20 That these students have improved their grades because of their participation in the test review class.

21 There are a car and two vans in front of my house.

22 Fifty minutes are the maximum length of time allotted for the exam.

23 The world is becoming more industrialized and the number of animal species that

A B have become extinct have increased.

24 The number of homeless people in Nepal have increased sharply due to the recent

25 Upon reaching the destination, a number of personnel is expected to change their

A B C reservations and proceed to Hawaii.

26 The assumption that smoking has bad effects on our health have been proved.

27 Neither the Minister nor his colleagues has given an explanation for the chaos in

A B C the financial market last week.

28 On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-tipped mountains more than

29 The Netherland, with much of its land lying lower than sea level, have system of

A B C dikes and canals for controlling water.

30 Maths were one of his favourite subjects when he was at primary school.

- Đ ng t khuy t thi u là đ ng t nh ng l i không ch hành đ ng mà nó ch giúp b nghĩa cho đ ng t ộ ừ ế ế ộ ừ ư ạ ỉ ộ ỉ ổ ộ ừ chính.

Động từ khuyết thiếu này có thể sử dụng chung cho tất cả các ngôi và không chia theo thì Các động từ theo sau động từ khuyết thiếu này giữ nguyên hình thức.

- Các đ ng t khuy t thi u thộ ừ ế ế ường dùng là: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need, have to.

Modal Verbs Cách dùng Ví dụ Chú ý

Di n t kh năng hi n ễ ả ả ệ t i ho c tạ ặ ương lai mà m t ngộ ười có th làm ể được gì, ho c m t s ặ ộ ự vi c có th x y ra.ệ ể ả

- I can swim - Tôi có th ể b iơ.

- It can rain - Tr i có th ờ ể m a.ư

Can và Could còn được dùng trong câu h i đ ngh /xin phép, ỏ ề ị yêu c u.ầ

- Could you please wait a moment? - B n có th đ i m t ạ ể ợ ộ lát được không?

- Can I sit here? - Tôi có th ng i ể ồ đây được không?

Could Di n t kh năng x y raễ ả ả ả trong quá kh ứ

- My brother could speak English when he was five -

Anh trai tôi đã có th nói ể ti ng Anh khi anh y 5 ế ấ tu iổ.

Di n đ t s c n thi t, ễ ạ ự ầ ế b t bu c hi n t i ắ ộ ở ệ ạ ho c tặ ương lai. Đ a ra l i khuyên ho c ư ờ ặ suy lu n mang tính ậ ch c ch n, yêu c u ắ ắ ầ được nh n m nh.ấ ạ

- You must get up early in the morning - B n ph i ạ ả d y s m vào bu i sángậ ớ ổ

- You must be tired after work hard - B n ch c ạ ắ ch n sẽ m t sau khi làm ắ ệ vi c chăm ch ệ ỉ

- You must be here before

8 a.m - B n ph i có m t ạ ả ặ ở đây trước 8 giờ.

Ví d : You mustn't smoke here - ụ

B n không đạ ược hút thu c đâyố ở

Di n t s c n thi t ễ ả ự ầ ế ph i làm gì nh ng là do ả ư khách quan (n i quy, ộ quy đ nh…).ị

I have to wear helmets when driving a motorbike

- Tôi ph i đ i mũ b o ả ộ ả hi m khi đi xe máy ể (Lu t ậ quy đ nh nh v y)ị ư ậ

Don't have to = Don't need to/ needn't (ch s không c n thi t)ỉ ự ầ ế

May Di n t đi u gì có th ễ ả ề ể x y ra hi n t i nh ng ả ở ệ ạ ư không ch c.ắ

It may be a bomb - Nó có th là m t qu bom.ể ộ ả

- May và might dùng đ xin phépể nh ng có tính ch t trang tr ng ư ấ ọ h n can/ could Nh ng might ít ơ ư

Modal verbs(Đ ng t khi m khuy t) ………………………………………………………… 13 ộ ừ ế ế

được dùng trong văn nói, ch ủ y u trong câu gián ti p:ế ế

- I wonder if he might go there alone.

Di n t đi u gì có th ễ ả ề ể x y ra quá kh ả ở ứ Might được dùng không ph i là quá kh c a ả ứ ủ May.

- She might not be in his house - Cô y có lẽ không ấ nhà anh ta n a ở ữ

- Where is John? I don't know He may/might go out with his friends - John đâu r i? - Tôi không ở ồ bi t Có lẽ anh y ra ngoài ế ấ v i b n.ớ ạ

Di n đ t, d đoán s ễ ạ ự ự vi c x y ra trong tệ ả ương lai. Đ a ra m t quy t đ nh ư ộ ế ị t i th i đi m nói.ạ ờ ể

- Ngày mai tr i sẽ n ngờ ắ

- Did you buy sugar? Oh, sorry I'll go now - B n có ạ mua đường không? - , xinỒ l i Gi mình sẽ đi muaỗ ờ

Dùng Will hay Would trong câu đ ngh , yêu c u, l i m i.ề ị ầ ờ ờ Will you have a cup of coffee? Would you like a cake?

Di n t m t gi đ nh ễ ả ộ ả ị x y ra ho c d đoán s ả ặ ự ự vi c có th x y ra trong ệ ể ả quá kh ứ

He was so tired He would get up late tomorrow -

Anh y r t m t Ngày mai, ấ ấ ệ ch c anh y sẽ d y mu n.ắ ấ ậ ộ

Dùng đ xin ý ki n, l i ể ế ờ khuyên "Will" đượ ửc s d ng nhi u h nụ ề ơ

Where shall we eat tonight? - T i nay chúng taố ăn đâu?ở

Ch dùng v i hai ngôi "I" và “We”.ỉ ớ

Ch s b t bu c hay b nỉ ự ắ ộ ổ ph n nh ng m c đ ậ ư ở ứ ộ nh h n "Must".ẹ ơ Đ a ra l i khuyên, ý ư ờ ki n.ế Dùng đ suy đoán.ể

- You should send this report by 8th September.

- B n nên g i báo cáo này ạ ử trước ngày 8 tháng Chín.

- She worked hard, she should get the best result.

- Cô y h c r t chăm, cô yấ ọ ấ ấ sẽ đ t đạ ượ ếc k t qu cao ả nh tấ

Ch s b t bu c M nh ỉ ự ắ ộ ạ h n "Should" nh ng ơ ư ch a b ng "Must".ư ằ

You ought not to eat candy at night - B n không nên ạ ăn k o vào bu i t i.ẹ ổ ố

MUST + HAVE + VP2: ch s suy đoán logic d a ỉ ự ự trên nh ng hi n tữ ệ ượng có th t quá khậ ở ứ

CAN’T + HAVE + VP2: ch nh ng vi c không th ỉ ữ ệ ể đã x y ra vì có căn c , c s rõ ràngả ứ ơ ở

NEEDN’T + HAVE + VP2: ch nh ng vi c lẽ ra đã ỉ ữ ệ không c n thi t ph i làm nh ng đã làm.ầ ế ả ư

MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + VP2: ch nh ng vi c có ỉ ữ ệ th đã x y ra nh ng không ch c ch n.ể ả ư ắ ắ

COULD + HAVE + VP2: ch nh ng vi c lẽ đã x y ỉ ữ ệ ả ra nh ng trên th c t thì khôngư ự ế

2.Modal perfect ( khi m khuy t hoàn thành ) : Modal + have + V3/edế ế

M t s cách bi n đ i tộ ố ế ổ ương đương:

 be necessary (for O) + to–V = need / have to

 be unnecessary (for O) + to– V = don’t need / don’t have to

Ex: It is unnecessary for him to study many subjects.

He needn’t study many subjects

He does not have to study many subjects.

 be possible / impossible + to-V = can/ cannot + V ho c ặ may/might

Ex: It is impossible for me to finish it now.

 perhaps( có lẽ) = may/might

 it’s better/it’s time … = should

 be not permited /be not allowed = mustn’t

SHOULD + HAVE + VP2: ch m t vi c lẽ ra đã ỉ ộ ệ ph i x y ra trong quá kh nh ng vì lý do nào đó ả ả ứ ư l i không x y ra.ạ ả

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 You don't look well You see a doctor.

A could B need to C are to D should

2 She home yesterday because her little son was sick.

A could have stayed B must have stayed

C had to stay D should have stayed

3 You disturb him during his work!

A should not B needn't C mustn't D don't have to

4 Whose car is this? – It be Anton's I think I saw him driving a red car like this one.

5 Though he was ill and weak, he get out of the burning building.

A was able to B might C could D should

6 lending me your CD player for a couple of days?

A Can you B Would you mind C Would you D Could you

7 The windows look clean You wash them.

A are not to B needn't C don't have to D mustn't

8 I don't believe it It be true.

9 Young people obey their parents.

A must B may C will D ought to

10 Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune.

11 You to write them today.

12 " you hand me that pair of scissors, please?"

13 Jeanette did very badly on the exam She harder.

A must have studied B could have studied

C should have studied D must studied

14 Marcela didn't come to class yesterday She an accident.

A should have had B must have

C might have D may have had

15 John still hasn't come out He everything for the trip now.

A must have been preparing B must be preparing

C will be preparing D will have prepared

16 Thomas received a warning for speeding He so fast.

A shouldn't have driven B should have

C would have driven D might have driven

17 The photos are black The X-ray at the airport them.

A should have damaged B would have damaged

18 Tom didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry He his homework.

A must have done B should have done

C might have D will have done

19 My car stopped on the high way It out of gas.

C may have run D should have run

20 I be here by 6 o'clock? - No, you

A Shall; mightn't B Must; needn't C Will; mayn't D Might; won't

Câu gi đ nhả ị, hay còn gọi là câu c u khi n, là loại câu đ i tọ ầ ế ạ ố ượng th nh t mu n đ i tứ ấ ố ố ượng th hai Câu gi đ nh có tính ch t c u khi n, không mang tính ép bu c nh câu m nh lênh.

Câu gi đ nhả ị ch y u đủ ế ượ ử ục s d ng đ nói đ n nh ng s vi c không ch c ch n sẽ x y ra Ví d , chúng ể ế ữ ự ệ ắ ắ ả ụ ta s d ng khi nói v nh ng s vi c mà m t ai đó:ử ụ ề ữ ự ệ ộ

+ X y ra trong tả ưỏ’ĩig tượng.

Th c gi đ nh đứ ả ị ược chia thành ba lo i sau:ạ

Th c gi đ nh:ứ ả ị Present Subjunctive (hi n t i gi đ nh).ệ ạ ả ị

Past Subjunctive (quá kh gi đ nh).ứ ả ị Past perfect Subjunctive (quá kh hoàn thành gi đ nh).ứ ả ị HIỆN TẠI GIẢ ĐỊNH Present

Dùng trong m t s câu thành ng / câu c m thán đ th hi n m t ao ộ ố ữ ả ể ể ệ ộ ước, hi v ng hayọ m t l i c u chúc.ộ ờ ầ

(God) Bless you! (Chúa phù h cho con)ộ

Heaven/God help sb! (C u chúa phù h cho ai)ầ ộ

Long live Vietnam! (Vi t Nam muôn năm)ệ

Success attend you! (Chúc b n thành công)ạ

Dùng sau m t sô các đ ng t đê th hi n ý mu n, yêu c u, đ ngh , g i ý, ra l nh:ộ ộ ừ ể ệ ố ầ ề ị ợ ệ advise,demand,prefer,require,insist,propose,stipulate,command,move,recommend,suggest,decr ee,order

Dùng sau m t sô tính t sau:ộ ừ

The subjunctive mood( Th c gi đ nh) …………………………………………………… 16 ứ ả ị

QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH GIẢ ĐỊNH

Nh ng danh t :ữ ừ demand,recommendation,insistence,request,proposal,suggestion,preference ,importance

Dùng trong c u trúc v i “would rather" có hai ch ngấ ớ ủ ữ S1 + would rather that + S2 + (not) + V (present subjunctive)

Dùng trong câu đi u ki n lo i 2:ề ệ ạ

If + S + V (quá kh đ n) + , S + would/could + V (nguyên d ng)ứ ơ ạ

Dùng trong câu ước không có th c hi n t i (wish = If only)ự ở ệ ạ

(S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá kh đ n)ứ ơ Đượ ử ục s d ng sau "as if / as though"

S1 + V (hi n t i đ n) + as if/ as though + S2 + V (quá kh đ n)ệ ạ ơ ứ ơ

Dùng trong m u câu “would rather" đ ch m t ao ẫ ể ỉ ộ ướ c đ i l p v i hi n t i ố ậ ớ ệ ạ

S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá kh đ n) ứ ơ

Dùng trong c u trúc "it's time "ấ

It's (high/about) time + S + V (quá kh đ n) = It's time for sb to do st:ứ ơ

(đã đ n lúc cho ai đó làm gì)ế

Dùng trong m nh đ đi u ki n c a câu đi u ki n lo i 3ệ ề ề ệ ủ ề ệ ạ

If + S + V (quá kh hoàn thành)+ , S + would/ could + have + Vp2ứ

Dùng sau "wish/ If only" đ di n đ t ý c u mong ho c gi đ nh đã không x y ra trong quá khể ễ ạ ầ ặ ả ị ả ứ

(S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ứ

Dùng sau "as if / as though" đ ch m t gi đ nh không có th t trong quá kh ể ỉ ộ ả ị ậ ứ

S1 + V (quá kh đ n) + as if/as though + S2 + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ứ ơ ứ

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 It is necessary that children of their old parents.

A takes care B to take care c take care D took care

2 I wish you complaining about the weather.

A would stop B stop c stopped D had stopped

3 It is essential that every student to learn English at university.

A had B have c has D to have

4 We wish we a large house but we can't afford it now.

A have B had c can have D will have

5 My friend won't lend me his car I wish

A he lent me his car B he didn't lend me his car

C he would lend me his car D he will lend me his car

6 I'm sorry I haven't got any money on me I wish

A I have got no money on me B I have some money on me

C I had some money on me D I had got no money on me

7 My friends didn’t take part in the game

A my friends took part in the game B my friends had taken part in the game

C my friends would take part in the game D my friends did take part in the game

8 It wasn't fine yesterday I wish

A it was fine yesterday B it would fine yesterday

C it will fine yesterday D it had been fine yesterday

9 I wish I Psychology when I was a college student.

A had studied B would study C studied D studied

10 I wish someone to help me with that work tomorrow.

A offer B offered C would offer D had offered

11 If only I play the guitar as well as you!

Dùng v i c u trúc would rather (hai ch ng ) đ ch m t mong mu n đã không x y ra trongớ ấ ủ ữ ể ỉ ộ ố ả quá kh ứ

S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá kh hoàn thành)ứ

12 When I saw Tom, he looked he had been ill.

A so B such as C the same D as if

13 Mrs White always talks to her baby as though he an adult.

A is B were C had been D will be

14 When he came out of the room, he looked he had seen a ghost.

A as B as though C when D if

15 Susan's doctor insists for a few days.

A that she is resting B her resting C that she rest D her to rest

16 The doctor suggested that his patient

A stop smoking B stops smoking C stopped smoking D to stop smoking

17 It is necessary that he the books.

A find B doesn't find C don't find D did not find

18 It has been proposed that we the topic.

A to change B changed C changing D change

19 It's important that every student all the lectures.

A attends B attend C has attended D attended

20 It's time we all now.

A leave B to leave C left D have left

21 He acts as if he English perfectly.

A know B knew C have known D had known

22 She acted as though she him before.

A knew B know C had known D has known

23 I would rather that I him to my birthday party yesterday.

A invited B have invited C had invited D invite

24 She would rather Mary here right now.

A be B were C was D were/ was

A should study B study C studied D should study/ study

PRESENT PARTICIPLE ( HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ )

Ch c năng c a danh đ ng tứ ủ ộ ừ

Làm ch ủ ngữ Làm tân ngữ

Ch c năng c aứ ủ hi n t i phân tệ ạ ừ

Dùng trong các thì ti p di n: be + Present participle (V-ing) ế ễ

Thay cho m t m nh đ : ộ ệ ề M nh đ đ c l p trong câu ghép, ệ ề ộ ậ

M nh đ ph trong câu, M nh đ tr ng ng ch th i gian, ệ ề ụ ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ờ

M nh đ tr ng ng ch lí do: hai m nh đ ph i cùng ch ệ ề ạ ữ ỉ ệ ề ả ủ từ

Dùng nh m t tính t (mang nghĩa ch đ ng và th ư ộ ừ ủ ộ ườ ng miêu t v t) ả ậ

Gerund and infinitive verb( V-ing /to V/V(bare) ) + L i nói ph h a………… 18 ố ụ ọ

TO INFINITIVE VERB ( ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO )

BARE INFINITIVE VERD ( ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG TO )

C u trúc: There + be + Noun + present participle ấ

C u trúc câu: S + sit/ stand /lie/come /run (c m t ch n i ấ ụ ừ ỉ ơ ch n) + present participle ố

Sau m t s đ ng t trí giác (see, hear, sme l, feel, taste, ộ ố ộ ừ ỉ overhear ), catch, find, spend, waste

Ch c năng c a đ ng t ứ ủ ộ ừ nguyên m u có TOẫ

Làm ch ủ ngữ Làm tân ngữ

Ch c năng c aứ ủ đ ng t nguyênộ ừ m u không TOẫ

Sau các tr đ ng t tình thái (modal verbs).ợ ộ ừ

Sau các c m đ ng t had better, would rather, had sooner và sau ụ ộ ừ Sau các đ ng t : let, make, help, see, hear , feel, watch, notice + ộ ừ ề tân ng ữ

VERB FORM (BẢNG DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ )

2 love , like , enjoy, prefer >< hate, dislike

3 start , begin, give up >< stop , finish

1 Sau khi m ế khuy t đ ng tế ộ ừ can - could will – would have to – had to may – might must ought to

Look Listen Notice Watch Observe Feel Taste Smell

1.allow permit recommend + O + To-V advise encourage - allow permit recommend + V-ing advise encourage

2.Stop + V-ing : ng ng h nừ ẳ ( t b thói quen )ừ ỏ

Stop + To-V : ng ng đ làm ừ ể vi c khácệ

28 Sau các nghi v n ấ t ừhow , what , where…

29 sau đ i t b t ạ ừ ấ đ nhị Someone , something, anything….

4 had better would rather had sooner

6 cannot but forget + V-ing regret

( di n t 1 hđ ng đã x y ra ễ ả ộ ả trong quá kh )ứ

6.like start + V-ing / To-V begin ( không thay đ i ổ nghĩa )

1 Ph ho kh ng đ nh: ụ ạ ẳ ị Đi v i TOO (ớ mang nghĩa CŨNG V Y)Ậ

S +V… (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + too

(and) + S + do/does/did +too (and) + S + modals + too

I work two hours a day I am too (tôi cũng v y)ậ

She does too Đi v i SO (ớ mang nghĩa CŨNG V Y Ậ nh ng có đ o ngư ả ữ )

S +V… (and) + so + am/is/are/ was /were + S

(and) + so + do/does/did +too + S (and) + so + modals + S

2 Ph ho ph đ nh:ụ ạ ủ ị Đi v i EITHER (ớ mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG)

S +V(NOT)… (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + NOT + either

(and) + S + do/does/did +NOT + either (and) + S + modals + NOT + either

I am not either (tôi cũng không) She doesn’t either

He can’t either Đi v i NEITHER (ớ mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG nh ng có đ o ng , không có NOTư ả ữ )

S +V(NOT)… (and) + neither + am/is/are/ was /were + S

(and) + neither + do/does/did +too + S (and) + neither + modals + S

Neither am I (tôi cũng không) Neither does she

L u ý: Trong câu có ch a ư ứ “NEVER, NO, RARELY, SELDOM , HARDLY” => dùng ph ho ph ụ ạ ủ đ nhị

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1.I couldn't help at his jokes.

A laugh B laughing C to laugh D laughed

2.Tom offered Jane a ticket to the theater, but she refused to take it.

A to give B give C giving D to be given

3.Those workers stopped their coffee because they felt tired of their new work.

A drink B drank C drinking D to drink

A help him B should help him C to help him D help to him

5.Mr Minh advised my family leaving Vietnam.

A to think B not to think C against D against to

A to see B of seeing C seeing D have seen

7.She wasted much time her old pair of shoes.

A mend B to mend C mending D to be mended

8.He regrets lazy last year He lost his job.

A to be B be C been D being

9.She remembered that woman last month.

A of seeing B to see C seeing D have seen

10.David tried his best , but his girlfriend refused

A explaining; to listen B explaining; listening

C to explain; to listen D to explain; listening

11.Willy denied a whole bag of chocolate chip cookies before lunch.

A eat B to eat C having eaten D eaten

12.I was delighted my old friends again.

A to see B seeing C seen D to be seen

13.We regret you that we cannot approve your suggestion.

A inform B to inform C informing D informed

14.Have you ever considered a pharmacist?

A become B becoming C to become D became

15.You had better at home until you feel better.

A staying B stayed C to stay D stay

16.I remember my mother said the grass in the garden needed

A to hear; cutting B hear; cut C heard; to cut D hearing; cutting

17.My teacher doesn't allow us while he is explaining the lesson.

A talk B to talk C talking D talked

19.We have plenty of time We needn't

A hurry B to hurry C hurrying D hurried

20.I promised on time I mustn't late.

A be; be B to be; to be C to be; be D be; to be

21.My daughter sometimes practices _ _ English with her friends after school

A to speaking B to speak C speak D speaking

22.When Tommy started to learn French, he had a difficult time _ the words correctly.

A pronounce B pronunciation C pronouncing D to pronounce

23.Most women expect more help with the housework from their husbands

A to get B getting C get D to getting

A redecorated B redecorating C being redecorated D to redecorate

25.I can’t read when I am traveling It makes me sick.

A feel B to feel C felt D feeling

26.I suggest _some more mathematical puzzles

A do B to do C doing D done

27.Have you ever considered a pharmacist?

A become B becoming C to become D became

28.My father wanted me a pilot.

A become B to become C becoming D became

29.Please wait a minute My boss is busy _something.

A write B writing C to write D to writing

30.My teacher doesn’t allow us _while he is explaining the lesson.

A talk B to talk C talking D talked

31.I promised on time I mustn’t be late.

A be B to be C being D am

32.Mary and I are looking forward _you.

A of seeing B for seeing C to seeing D to see

33.The students are used to in the school library

A working B work C to work D worked

A tidied B to tide C tidy D tidying

35.“Was the test long?” “Yes, John was the only one _it”

A to finish B finishing C finished D finish

36.If he really doesn’t feel like _now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air.

A work B to work C worked D working

Câu hỏi đuôi (tag question) là một dạng câu hỏi ngắn được sử dụng trong tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là trong giao tiếp Câu hỏi này thường xuất hiện ở cuối câu chính và được dùng để xác minh thông tin hoặc khuyến khích người nghe phản hồi.

Ví d :She is learning English now, isn't she? (Cô y đang h c ti ng Anh bây gi ph i không?)ụ ấ ọ ế ờ ả

B Công th c chung: S + V +……….,tr đ ng t + S( Đ I T )ứ ợ ộ ừ Ạ Ừ

Tag questions( Câu h i đuôi)………………………………………………………………….… 22 ỏ

-N u câu nói trế ước d u ph y là kh ng đ nh thì câu h i đuôi là ph đ nh và ngấ ẩ ẳ ị ỏ ủ ị ượ ạc l i.

Dưới đây là bảng tóm tắc cách thành lập câu hỏ i đuôi.

I am not……… am I ? Đ ng t khi m khuy tộ ừ ế ế

S d ng tr đ ng t : Do/does/didử ụ ợ ộ ừ

S + have/has/had + V3/ed………, Haven’t/hasn’t/hadn’t + S ?

S + is/are/was/were………, Isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t + S?

S +’d rather/would rather/would like + V…………, Would + S?

There + is/are/was/were………., Isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t + S?

Ch t là : ủ ừ No one/nobody/anyone/anybody/ everyone/everybody/someone/somebody

Ch t là: ủ ừ nothing/anything/something/

Ch t là ủ ừ this/that………… ………+ it?

Ch t là ủ ừ these/those……… ……… + they ?

Trong câu có các t ph đ nh:ừ ủ ị no/none/without

Neither/hardly/seldom/rarely/little/never/few

Câu h i đuôi kh ng đ nh ỏ ẳ ị không có N’T

Câu m nh l nhệ ệ Will you?

=> c u trúc:" I + think/believe/suppose/…." + m nh đ ph thì ta dùng đ ng t trong ấ ệ ề ụ ộ ừ m nh đ ph đ xác đ nh đ ng t cho câu h i đuôi.ệ ề ụ ể ị ộ ừ ỏ

Ex: I think she will meet him, won't she?

Cũng m u c u trúc này nh ng n u ch t không ph i là "I" thì dùng đ ng t chính trong ẫ ấ ư ế ủ ừ ả ộ ừ câu (think/believe/suppose/ ) đ xác đ nh đ ng t cho câu h i đuôi.ể ị ộ ừ ỏ

Ex: She thinks he will come, dosen’t she?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 The cases of COVID 19 outside China have increased 13 fold, ?

A hasn’t they B haven’t they C will they D don’t they

2 What you have said is wrong, _?

3 COVID 19 can be characterized as a pandemic, ?

A can it B can’t it C isn’t it D can’t they

4 The coronavirus had already overwhelmed China, South Korea, Iran and Italy, ?

A hadn’t it B hasn’t it C didn’t it D wasn’t it

5 Health authorities have activated their most serious response level, ?

A haven’t it B hadn’t they C have it D haven’t they

6 Your mother is cooking in the kitchen, _?

A isn’t she B doesn’t she C won’t she D is she

7 Chinese officials quickly shut down Wuhan market, _?

A doesn’t it B didn’t they C hadn’t they D do they

8 There are no easy ways to succeed, ?

A are there B aren’t there C aren’t they D are they

9 No one is a better cook than my sister, ?

A aren’t they B is he C are they D is it

10 They’ll buy a new apartment, ?

A will they B won’t they C don’t they D will not they

11 This house is not safe, ?

A isn’t this B isn’t it C is it D is this

12 Ba rarely goes out at night, ?

A doesn’t he B is he C isn’t he D does he

A doesn’t it B don’t they C does it D do they

A am not I B isn’t I C aren’t I D am I

A don’t I B isn’t she C do I D is she

16 I don’t think you are an engineer, ?

A do I B aren’t you C are you D don’t I

17 Let’s turn off the lights before going out, ?

A shall we B will you C shan’t we D won’t you

A are you B shall we C do you D will you

A doesn’t it B don’t they C do they D doesn’t he

A do they B didn’t they C will she D did they

22 He mightn’t get there in time, ?

A might he B may he C mightn’t he D mayn’t he

A aren’t they B isn’t it C are they D is it

A is it B isn’t it C doesn’t it D does it

26 One can be one’s master, ?

A can’t you B can’t one C can she D A&B

27 You’d better stay at home, ?

A hadn’t you B had you C don’t you D do you

A hadn’t you B would you C had you D wouldn’t you

29 You don’t believe Peter can do it, ?

A do you B can’t he C can he D don’t you

30 These are 3 oranges you bought yesterday, ?

A aren’t they B are they C are these D aren’t these

A doesn’t he B does he C did he D didn’t he

32 They never go to the library with US, ?

A do they B did they C don’t they D didn’t they

33 Mary and Peter don’t like English, ?

A do they B do Mary and Peter C are they D aren’t they

35 What you have just said is not true, ?

A is it B isn’t it C haven’t you D has it

36 Lucy has been studying English for 4 years, ?

A has she B is she C hasn’t she D isn’t she

37 It seems that you are telling me a lie, ?

A doesn’t it B does it C aren’t you D are you

A don’t you B needn’t you C need you D A&B

39 Let me take care of you, ?

A may I B will I C shall we D don’t I

40 The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ?

A does it B isn’t it C is it D doesn’t it

A mustn’t they B need they C must they D needn’t they

A need you B must you C needn’t you D mustn’t you

43 She wishes to go to Singapore, ?

A may she B doesn’t she C does she D mayn’t she

A shall we B will you C shan’t we D won’t you

45 You must have left your purse at home, ?

A don’t he B haven’t you C doesn’t he D did they

46 She must have been very happy when you told her the news, ?

A need she B mustn’t she C isn’t she D hasn’t she

47 You must be tired now, ?

A needn’t you B aren’t you C mustn’t you D haven’t you

48 You’ve never been to Italy, ?

A have you B were you C haven’t you D weren’t you

A is it B isn’t it C is this D isn’t this

50 He ought to be home by seven o’clock, ?

A shouldn’t he B mayn’t he C needn’t he D mustn’t he

51.No one is better cook than his mother, ?

A is she B isn’t she C are they D aren’t they

A will you B shall you C do you D don’t you

53.There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, _?

A are they B are there C aren’t they D aren’t there

54.He seldom goes to the library, ?

A doesn’t he B is he C does he D isn’t he

55.Let’s go for a long walk, ?

A will we B shall we C don’t you D do you

56.I think he will join us, _?

A doesn’t he B won’t he C will he D don’t I

A is it B are they C isn’t it D aren’t they

58.You are going to the party, ?

A is you B are you C aren’t you D were you

A can he B can’t he C can’t him D could he

A do you B don’t you C are you D aren’t you

61.Lan speaks Chinese very well, ?

A does she B doesn’t she C is she D was she

A does he B did he C has he D hasn’t he

63.They invited him to the party, _?

A do they B don’t they C did they D didn’t they

64.They are leaving here tomorrow ?

A do they B are they C aren’t they D did they

A am not I B aren’t you C are you D aren’t I

Comparisons(S so sánh)……………………………………………………………………… 23 ự

MULTIPLE NUMBERS COMPARISON S1 + V + twice/ three time + as much as + S2 S1 + V + twice/ three time + as many as + S2

1 Càng ngày càng ( So sánh h n and so sánh h n )ơ ơ

- Short adj + ER and short adj + ER ( hotter and hotter )

- more and more + long adj ( more and more beautiful

2 Càng … càng The + so sánh h n + S V , The + so sánh h n + S V )ơ ơ

SUPERLATIVE S1 + V + THE + short adj + EST + N S1 + V +THE MOST + long adj + N

COMPARATIVE S1 + V + short adj + ER + THAN + S2 S1 + V + MORE + long adj + THAN + S2

SO SÁNH KÉM NH TẤ

THẾ NÀO LÀ TÍNH TỪ NGẮN,TÍNH TỪ DÀI Short adj ( tính t ng n ) : 1 âm ti t ( hot, cold ) ho c 2 âm tân cùng là y, er, et, owừ ắ ế ặ

Long adj ( tính t dài ) : t 2 âm tr lênừ ừ ở

Cách chuy n các tính t / tr ng t sang d ng so sánh h n/ so sánh nh t: ể ừ ạ ừ ạ ơ ấ

- Thêm “ er”/ “est” vào tính t /tr ng t có m t ho c hai âm ti t.ừ ạ ừ ộ ặ ế

- Dùng “ more/most + adj/adv” có ba âm ti t tr lên.ế ở

- Dùng “ more + tính t k t thúc b ng các ti p vĩ ng : “ ừ ế ằ ế ữ ed, ful, ing, ish, ous”

- G p đôi ph âm cu i c a tính t m t âm ti t k t thúc b ng 1 ph âm đ n( tr w, x, z) và đ ng ấ ụ ố ủ ừ ộ ế ế ằ ụ ơ ừ ứ trước m t nguyên âm đ n.ộ ơ

- Khi tính t có 2 âm ti t nh ng k t thúc b ng m t ph âm “y” thì ta đ i “y” => “ I” và thêm “ er”/ ừ ế ư ế ằ ộ ụ ổ

- Khi adj có 2 âm ti t là “er, y, le, et và ow” => thêm “er/est” nh adj/adv 1 âm ti t.ế ư ế

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP NGOẠI LỆ

Adj/adv so sánh h n so sánh nh t ơ ấ

5 far farther farthest (v kho ng cách)ề ả

6 near nearer nearest (v kho ng cách)ề ả next (v th t )ề ứ ự

ADJ tận cùng bằng “ED” và “ING”

ADJ –ED ( ch c m xúc , tr ng thái c a con ngỉ ả ạ ủ ười )

ADJ –ING ( mô t tính ch t , đ c đi m s v t )ả ấ ặ ể ự ậ

Ex: Jane is bored because her job is boring

Ex: The news was shocking Ex: We were shocked when we heard the news

14.worried (lo l ng, lo l ng)ắ ắ

15.và nnoyed (b c mình, khó ch u)ự ị

4 Fascinating (duyên dáng, quy n rũ) ế

7 Shocking (m t kh ng khi p, gây s c) ộ ủ ế ố

9 Embarrassing (v ng v , nhút nhát) ụ ề 10.Confusing (b i r i, không ch c ch n) ố ố ắ ắ 11.Terrifying (đáng s , đáng s ) ợ ợ

12.Frightening (đáng s , kh ng khi p) ợ ủ ế 13.Depressing (bu n, bu n t ) ồ ồ ẻ

14.Worrying (lo l ng, tình c m) ắ ả15.Annoying (xâm nh p, gây phi n nhi u)ậ ề ễ16.Satisfying (thú v ) ị

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1 In Vietnam, it is normally in the South than in the North.

2 The food is than the last time I ate it.

3 Ho Chi Minh city is than Hanoi.

4 Her voice is than her sister’s.

A beautiful B more beautiful C beautifully D more beautifully

5 Her literature result is much than it was last year.

A good B well C more well D better

6 Cinderella danced than any other girls at the ball.

A more graceful B gracefuler C gracefully D more gracefully

7 This book is the of all.

A bored B boring C more boring D most boring

A fluent B fluently C more fluently D most fluently

9 Tom runs faster than John and David runs the in the group.

A fast B most fast C fastest D most fastly

10 There is nothing than going swimming in hot weather.

11 Mary is responsible as Peter.

A more B the most C much D as

12 She is student in my class.

A most hard-working B more hard-working

C the most hard-working D as hard-working

A more careful than B more carefully

C more carefully than D as careful as

14 Tuan writes more with fewer mistakes than the previous term.

15 My father is happy because I get results at school.

16 Peter does better at school because he works

A harder B more carelessly C more lazily D worse

17 He can do sums more and read faster.

18 Jane is not her brother.

19 She is a very pupil She spends most of her time studying.

A hard- working B difficult C hard D easy

20 My English this term is than that of last year.

21 you study for these exams, you will do.

A The harder / the better B The more / the much

C The hardest / the best D The more hard / the more good,

22 My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that it is at night, plays his music!

A the less / the more loud B the less / less

C the more late / the more loudlier D the later / the louder

23 Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become

A more and more good B better and better

C the more and more good D gooder and gooder

24 The Sears Tower is building in Chicago.

A taller B the more tall C the tallest D taller and taller

A younger and more intelligent than B more young and intelligent than

C more intelligent and younger than D the more intelligent and younger than

26 San Diego is town in Southern California.

A more nice and nice B the nicer C the nicest D nicer and nicer

27 It gets when the winter is coming.

A cold and cold B the coldest and coldest

C colder and colder D more and more cold

A the sooner we can leave B we can leave sooner and sooner

C the sooner can we leave D we can leave the sooner

29 Of all athletes, Alex is

A the less qualified B the less and less qualified

C the more and more qualified D the least qualified

A more tired B the more tired he gets

C he gets tired D he gets more tired

1 No one in my class is taller than Peter.

2 According to me, English is easier than Maths.

3 No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary.

4 No river in the world is longer than the Nile.

5 Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

6 This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.

7 He works much He feels tired.

8 This computer works better than that one.

9 The apartment is big The rent is high.

10 We set off soon We will arrive soon.

11 The joke is good The laughter is loud.

12 She gets fat She feels tired.

13 As he gets older, he wants to travel less.

14 The children are excited with the difficult games.

15 I meet him much I hate him much

16 My boss works better when he is pressed for time.

17 If you read many books, you will have much knowledge.

18 He speaks too much and people feel bored.

19 The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better

20 People learn a lot of things as they travel far.

21 Her old house is bigger than her new one.

22 I can't cook as well as my mother.

23 The black dress is more expensive than the white one.

24 There isn't anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.

25 The black car is cheaper than the red car.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

1 Joe is more hard-working than his brother.

A Joe is not as hard-working as his brother.

B Joe’s brother is not as hard-working as he is.

C Joe is less hard-working than his brother.

D Joe’s brother is more hard-working than he is.

2 Many teenagers like facebooking more than doing sport.

A Many teenagers like doing sport as much as Facebooking.

B Many teenagers don’t like Facebooking as much as doing sport,

C Many teenagers like doing sport more than Facebooking.

D Many teenagers don’t like doing sport as much as Facebooking.

3 Paul likes reading comic books more than watching cartoons.

A Paul doesn’t like watching cartoons as much as reading comic books.

B Paul likes watching cartoons as much as reading comic books.

C Paul likes watching cartoons more than reading comic books.

D Paul doesn’t like reading comic books as much as watching cartoons.

4 I like reading books more than surfing the Internet.

A I like surfing the Internet more than reading book.

B I like reading book less than surfing the Internet.

C I don’t like reading book as much as surfing the Internet.

D I don’t like surfing the Internet as much as reading books.

5 My father likes reading newspaper more than watching TV.

A My father doesn’t like reading newspaper as much as watching TV.

B My father likes watching TV as much as reading newspaper.

C My father doesn’t like watching TV as much as reading newspaper.

D My father likes watching TV more than reading newspaper.

6 In Vietnam, football is more popular than basketball.

A In Vietnam, basketball is not as popular as football.

B In Vietnam, basketball is more popular than football.

C In Vietnam, football is not as popular as basketball.

D In Vietnam, football is as popular as basketball.

7 My boss works better when he’s pressed for time.

A The more time my boss has, the better he works.

B The less time my boss has, he works better.

C The less time my boss has, the better he works.

D The less time my boss has, he works the better.

8 Derek is quite a bit more adventurous than his sister, Annabelle.

A Annabelle is considerable more adventurous than her brother, Derek.

B Annabelle isn’t as nearly adventurous as her brother, Derek.

C Derek isn’t so nearly adventurous as his sister, Annabelle.

D Annabelle isn’t nearly as adventurous as her brother, Derek.

9 The likelihood of suffering a heart attack rises as one becomes increasingly obese.

A Anyone who is obese is likely to experience a heart attack at any time.

B Obesity results in only a slight increase in the probability of having a heart attack.

C The more obese one is, the higher the chances for a heart attack become.

D Heart attacks are happening more and more often, and most of the sufferers are obese.

10 The American are less formal in addressing their bosses than the South Korean.

A The South Korean are less formal in addressing their bosses than the American.

B Both the American and the South Korean have the same formality in addressing their bosses.

C The South Korean are more informal in addressing their bosses than the American.

D The South Korean are more formal in addressing their bosses than the American.

11 Nothing is more precious than happiness and health.

A Happiness and health are the most precious things.

B Happiness is more precious than health.

C Health is more precious than happiness.

D Happiness and health are more and more precious.

12 I’ve never seen such a nice bouquet of wedding flowers.

A This bouquet of wedding flowers is the nicest that I’ve ever made.

B This is the nicest bouquet of wedding flowers that I’ve ever seen.

C I’ve never seen the nicest bouquet of wedding flowers so far.

D Nothing I’ve seen is nicer than this bouquet of wedding flowers.

13 Ice-hockey is one of the most popular sports in Russia.

A In Russia, ice-hockey is more popular than any other sports.

B In Russia, no sport is more popular than ice-hockey.

C In Russia, no sport is less popular than ice-hockey.

D In Russia, one of the most popular sports is ice-hockey.

14 Tet holiday is the most interesting Vietnamese traditional festival that he’s ever attended.

A Tet holiday is more interesting than the Vietnamese traditional festival that he’s ever attended.

B He has never attended a more interesting Vietnamese traditional festival than Tet holiday.

C He has attended many interesting Vietnamese traditional festival including Tet holiday.

D Tet holiday is one of the most interesting Vietnamese traditional festival he’s ever attended.

15 There are more superstitious beliefs in Eastern countries than in Western ones.

A Western countries don’t have fewer superstitious beliefs than Eastern ones.

B Eastern countries have more superstitious beliefs than Western ones.

C Eastern and Western countries have many more superstitious beliefs.

D More superstitious beliefs exist in Western countries than in Eastern ones.

16 Pho (rice noodles) is believed to be the most typical food in Viet Nam.

A It is believed that Pho (rice noodles] is the most typical food in Viet Nam.

B A more typical food than Pho (rice noodles] is believed in Viet Nam.

C I believe that Viet Nam has the most typical food like Pho (rice noodles].

D No food in Viet Nam is less typical than Pho (rice noodles].

17 I have never read a better book about cultural diversity than I have ever read.

A This book is a good book about cultural diversity I have ever read.

B This is the best book about cultural diversity I have ever read.

C This book is as good as the one about cultural diversity I have ever read.

D The book about cultural diversity I have ever read isn’t better than this one.

18 Lee talks to people more politely than Ben.

A Ben doesn’t talk to people as politely as Lee.

B Ben doesn’t talk to people politely as Lee.

C Ben doesn’t talk to people more politely than Lee.

D Ben doesn’t talk to people less politely than Lee.

19 No student in my class can run as fast as Jack.

A Jack is faster than no student in my class.

B Jack is the fastest runner in my class.

C All students in my class don’t run faster than Jack.

D No student in my class runs fast as Jack.

20 This question is harder than the last one.

A The last question is not difficult.

B This question is the most difficult one.

C The last question is difficult but this one is more difficult.

D This question is hard but the last one is not.

21 As Elton John became more famous, it was more difficult for him to avoid reporters.

A The most famous Elton John became, the more difficult for him to avoid reporters.

B The more famous Elton John became, the more difficult it was for him to avoid reporters.

C The more famous Elton John had become, the more difficult for him to avoid reporters.

D The more Elton John became famous, the more difficult for him to avoid reporters.

22 We cut down many forests The Earth becomes hot.

A The more forests we cut down, the hotter the Earth becomes.

B The more we cut down forests, the hotter the Earth becomes.

C The more forests we cut down, the Earth becomes hotter.

D The more we cut down forests, the Earth becomes hotter.

23 As he earned more money, Mike bought more clothes.

A When Mike earned a lot of money, he bought more and more clothes.

B The more money Mike earned, the better clothes he bought.

C The more money Mike earned, the best clothes he bought.

D The more money Mike earned, the more clothes he bought.

24 Jupiter is bigger than all the other planets in the solar system.

A No other planets in the solar system is as big as Jupiter.

B Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system.

C All other planets in the solar system are not so big that Jupiter.

D Among the planets in the solar system, Jupiter is the biggest of all.

25 No other student in his class is as successful as Pat.

A Pat succeeded in beating all other students in his class.

B Pat is the most successful student in his class.

C His class is less successful than Pat is.

D The more successful his class is, the more success Pat gets.

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The article explores a variety of descriptive adjectives that enhance our understanding of the world around us It highlights terms such as "useful," "beautiful," and "interesting," which convey positive qualities Additionally, it includes words like "delicious" and "handsome" to describe appealing attributes, while terms such as "glorious" and "luxurious" emphasize grandeur and opulence The article also categorizes sizes with adjectives like "big," "small," "huge," and "tiny," as well as lengths with "long," "short," and "tall." Furthermore, it contrasts age-related descriptors, including "old," "young," "new," and "ancient," alongside modern terms Lastly, it presents a spectrum of colors, from "black" and "red" to "blue" and "yellow," enriching our vocabulary for expressive communication.

Vietnamese, English, Indian, Thai, German, American, round (tròn), triangle (tam giác), cubic (hình h p), heart-shaped (hình trái tim), flat (b ng ộ ằ ph ng), square (hình vuông) ẳ