INTRODUCTION
RATIONALE
As an English major at Duy Tan University, I continually explore various sources of knowledge on translation, including books, magazines, and online resources I have come to understand that translation serves as a vital means of sharing information and insights across cultures and societies.
In "The Culture Code" (2018), Daniel Coyle, a New York Times bestselling author, explores the inner workings of some of the world's most successful organizations, uncovering the secrets behind their effectiveness He highlights the essential elements that foster team cohesion across various settings, examining both verbal and physical cues that unite individuals Coyle outlines specific strategies to promote collaboration and build trust while sharing cautionary tales of toxic cultures and offering guidance on reforming them Ultimately, he illustrates the remarkable outcomes that can be achieved through effective cooperation.
I am passionate about understanding group dynamics, which led me to explore "The Culture Code," a groundbreaking book that combines scientific research, practical insights, and actionable strategies to reveal how successful teams function This work promises to transform our approach to collaboration and teamwork I aim to leverage my knowledge and skills to effectively translate these concepts and achieve a high level of recognition in this field.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This graduation paper is aimed at:
- Improving my translating skills and analyzing ability.
- Dealing with problems and difficulties with translation, vocabulary, and structure.
- Recommending the book to Vietnamese readers who are interested in studying how the group work
This graduation paper is carried out in order to:
After completing my graduation paper, I acquired the following targets:
- Summing up the knowledge I learned in the past.
- Providing readers with useful information about how to improve your own behaviour, the behaviour of your team, and of your organization, to build a great culture.
- Removing the language barrier for Vietnamese readers who are interested in this subject.
- Giving some implications and solutions for teaching and learning English, especially translation.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The book provides an in-depth analysis of group dynamics, both large and small, formal and informal, to enhance your understanding of how groups function and improve interpersonal relationships during collaboration Due to time constraints and the scope of my analysis, I have chosen to focus on Chapter 13, titled "Three Hundred and Eleven Words," which contains 4,646 words for translation and examination.
TEXT FEATURES
The book “The Culture Code” is a work of Daniel Coyle shows how an organizational culture built on the fabric of relationships can lead to phenomenal success.
The Culture Code is an invaluable resource for students and professionals, emphasizing that culture is defined by actions rather than identity This insightful book empowers readers to harness the principles of cultural chemistry, enabling groups of any size to evolve into high-performing teams capable of achieving remarkable results Additionally, it features specialized terminology that is rarely found in standard dictionaries, enhancing its depth and utility.
In Chapter 13, "Three Hundred and Eleven Words," the focus is on cultivating a positive organizational culture The chapter provides actionable strategies for enhancing individual behavior, improving team dynamics, and fostering a supportive environment within your organization By implementing these guidelines, you can contribute to the development of a thriving workplace culture that promotes collaboration and success.
TEXT LENGTH
The book includes 17 chapters, but the time is limited so I have translated only chapter 13 with 4,646 words in length.
TEXT SOURCE
The text is a part of the book “The Culture Code” edited by Daniel Coyle.This book is available at the library of Duy Tan University.
THEORICAL BACKGROUND
Definitions of Translation
Translation has been defined in many ways by some well-known linguistic experts as follows
Translation involves conveying a message from one language to another while preserving the original intent of the author It is the process of transforming a text from one linguistic state to another, ensuring that the meaning remains intact.
Translation as the process of conveying a message across linguistic and cultural barriers is an eminently communicative activity [ CITATION Alass \l
Translation is referring to all the process and methods used to convey the meaning of the source language (SL) into the target language (TL).
In conclusion, translation serves as a vital tool for overcoming language barriers, fostering greater understanding of diverse religions and cultures worldwide Its unique nature leads to varied interpretations and perspectives, highlighting the multifaceted role of translation in enhancing global communication.
Classification
There are some types of categories of translation defined in terms of extent, levels, and ranks of translation.
The distinction in translation pertains to the scope of the process As noted by J.C Carford in 1965, a full translation involves the complete transformation of the source language (SL) text, where every element is replaced with corresponding materials in the target language (TL).
In a partial translation, some part or parts of the SL text are left untranslated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the TL text.
This container of Global Trailer Rentals (GTR, CH Ireland) was leased to Ronan Hughes on October 15 Ronan (40) and brother Christopher
British police are seeking two main suspects in Armagh, Northern Ireland, who are wanted on charges of manslaughter and facilitating the illegal entry of immigrants, linked to the tragic deaths of 39 individuals.
Chiếc container của Hãng Global Trailer Rentals (GTR, CH Ireland) đã được cho Ronan Hughes thuê vào ngày 15.10 Ronan (40 tuổi) và em trai Christopher (34 tuổi) từ Armagh, Bắc Ireland, hiện đang là hai nghi phạm chính bị cảnh sát Anh truy nã với cáo buộc ngộ sát và đưa người nhập cư trái phép, liên quan đến cái chết của 39 nạn nhân.
In terms of levels, translation is divided into two types by J.C Catford: total translation and restricted translation.
Total translation involves substituting the grammar and vocabulary of the source language (SL) with corresponding elements from the target language (TL) This process also entails a transformation of the phonological and graphical aspects of the SL into those of the TL, even when the latter may not have direct equivalents.
Examples: Every day there are hundreds of babies born in the hospital.
Mỗi ngày có hàng trăm đứa trẻ được sinh ra trong bệnh viện.
Restricted translation is replacement of SL textual by equivalent TL textual material at only one level.
Example: At the time to be your daughter-in-law, I was afraid of you, father!
“Khi mới bước chân về làm dâu, con sợ thầy lắm !”
In this translation, the main thing is source language phonology which is replaced with equivalent target language one, but there are hardly other important replacements.
Phonological translation belongs to restricted translation, but in the phonological translation, the SL phonology of text is replaced by equivalent
TL phonology involves translating a source language (SL) text while preserving its grammar and vocabulary in the target language (TL) However, certain grammatical or lexical deviations may occur during this process, and occasionally, these changes can happen unintentionally.
In graphological translation, SL graphology is replaced with equivalent target on without other considerable replacements, also noted by Nguyen Manh Quang, M.A
In the process of transliteration, source language (SL) graphological units are substituted with their corresponding phonological units These SL phonological units are then translated into equivalent target language (TL) phonological units Finally, the TL phonological units are transformed into their respective graphological units in the target language.
Example: Singapore => Sing-ga-po
2.2.6 Free, Literal, and Word-for-word Translation
A "free" translation offers flexibility and creativity, while "word-for-word" translation adheres strictly to the original text "Literal" translation occupies a middle ground, beginning with a "word-for-word" approach but adapting to the target language's grammar by incorporating additional words and altering structures, resulting in a more fluid translation that may involve group or clause adjustments.
Free translation: Love at first sight.
Word-for-word translation: All worldly things may change with time, but the impression of the first love will remain a vivid as ever.
Tất cả mọi vật trên thế gian có thể thay đổi với thời gian, nhưng ấn tượng về mối tình đầu sẽ tồn tại mãi mãi.
Literal translation: I tried for a moment to see the situation through her eyes.
Tôi đã thử một lần cố nhìn nhận tình huống theo cách nhìn của cô ta
Methods and Principles of Translation
There are many translation methods When translating, we should use flexibly each other to exactly convey what SL express.
Interlinear translation typically features the target language (TL) positioned directly beneath the source language (SL) words This method maintains the original SL word order while translating each word individually, using their most common meanings without considering the surrounding context.
Example: There are 39 people in a container.
=> Có 39 người trong một chiếc container.
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly out of context.
As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved.
Example: The library is funded by government.
=> Thư viện này được tài trợ bởi chính phủ.
A faithful translation aims to accurately convey the contextual meaning of the original text while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language It effectively transfers cultural terms and maintains the original's grammatical and lexical nuances The goal is to remain entirely true to the intentions and stylistic choices of the source language author.
Example: Fed is trying to lose a few pounds He goes jogging for an hour every evening but when he comes home, he eats like a horse.
=> Fed đang cố gắng giảm vài kí-lô-gram Mỗi đêm anh ta chạy bộ khoảng một tiếng nhưng khi về nhà anh ta ăn như trâu.
This approach prioritizes the aesthetic quality of the source language (SL) text, focusing on achieving a harmonious and natural sound while being willing to compromise on meaning It avoids jarring elements like assonance, wordplay, or repetition in the final translation Additionally, it opts for culturally neutral terms for less significant cultural references instead of direct equivalents, making minor concessions to enhance readability for the audience.
Example: Beauty is the first present nature gives to women and the first take away.
=> Sắc đẹp là tặng phẩm mà tạo hóa ban cho người đàn bà, cũng là thứ đầu tiên mà tạo hóa cướp đi.
This translation approach is the most flexible, primarily applied to plays and poetry It retains the original themes, characters, and plots while adapting the source language culture to the target language context, resulting in a rewritten text.
Example: You can see the words “l love you”
When he runs home, all excited,
Tình yêu kín đáo của cha Nằm trong ánh mắt nhăn nheo dịu dàng
Trong dáng cha tất tả chạy về nhà
Trong tay cầm một món quà tặng con.
This produces the “message” of the original again but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.
Example: A sow is no match for a goose
Đũa mốc mà chòi mâm son.
This translation method aims to convey the original's contextual meaning while ensuring that both the content and language are easily understandable for the audience It is commonly used in radio broadcasts and newspaper articles In some cases, communicative and semantic translations may align closely with one another.
Example: This Sunday, all students at Duy Tan University will be taken off.
Chủ nhật này, tất cả sinh viên trường Đại học Duy Tân được nghỉ.
The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original text. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though occasionally part of the meaning can be “transpose”
Example: Although job is hard, her salary is low.
Mặc dù công việc vất vả, nhưng lương của cô ấy lại thấp.
The translation should closely follow the original order of words and phrases, maintaining their structure When uncertain, underline the key words in the original text that carry the main stress In English, emphasis can be achieved by altering the word order and utilizing various sentence structures.
Example: No sooner had they completed the work than they damanded the wages.
Ngay sau khi họ hoàn thành công việc, họ đòi tiền công.
Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression.
Example: Please don’t drive so fast.
Xin vui lòng không lái xe quá nhanh.
One of the most prevalent issues in translation is the lack of naturalness, often stemming from the translator's thoughts and word choices being overly influenced by the original text.
The translator had better set the text aside and translate a few sentences aloud from memory to get the natural patterns.
Example: She has had her computer fixed.
Cô ấy đã nhờ sửa chữa máy tính của cô ấy.
Idiomatic expressions, including similes, metaphors, proverbs, and sayings, cannot be translated directly To preserve their meaning, translators should keep the original phrase in quotation marks, provide a literal explanation in brackets, use close equivalents, or opt for a non-idiomatic, plain prose translation.
Example: A superior comes to visit his inferior.
The style of the original should not be changed However, if the text is sloppily written or tediously repeated, the translator may correct the defects.
Example: Let’s have our human fellows.
Hãy biết thương, biết yêu lấy đồng loại của mình.
Situational context encompasses the various factors and circumstances that shape the meaning of a text, making it more complex to identify than linguistic elements These factors include micro-level aspects such as facial expressions, gestures, and body language, as well as broader influences like social, political, and economic environments, along with cultural contexts Additionally, conventions and value systems can vary significantly across different cultures and societies, further impacting interpretation.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
Three Hundred and Eleven Words
Ba trăm mười một từ
In 1975, James Burke, the president of J&J, called an unconventional meeting with thirty-five senior managers to focus not on business strategies or marketing, but on a significant one-page document known as the Credo, which had been in existence for thirty-two years.
Vào năm 1975, James Burke, chủ tịch công ty chăm sóc sức khỏe J&J, đã triệu tập ba mươi lăm nhân viên quản lý cấp cao cho một cuộc họp đặc biệt Cuộc họp không nhằm thảo luận về chiến lược, tiếp thị hay lập kế hoạch kinh doanh, mà để xem xét một tài liệu quan trọng có tuổi đời ba mươi hai năm, được gọi là Credo.
P2 The Credo had been written in
1943 by Robert Wood Johnson, the company’s former chairman and a member of its founding family Here’s how it begins:
We believe our first responsibility is to doctors, nurses, and patients; to mothers and fathers and all others who
P2 Credo được sáng lập vào năm 1943 bởi Robert Wood Johnson, cựu chủ tịch và thành viên của gia đình sáng lập công ty.
We believe that our primary responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, as well as to the parents and all individuals who utilize our products and services To effectively meet their needs, we are committed to ensuring that everything we do is of the highest quality.
We must constantly strive to reduce our costs in order to maintain reasonable prices.
Để đáp ứng nhu cầu của khách hàng, chúng tôi cam kết cung cấp sản phẩm và dịch vụ chất lượng cao Chúng tôi nỗ lực không ngừng để giảm chi phí, nhằm duy trì mức giá hợp lý Đặc biệt, mọi đơn đặt hàng của khách hàng sẽ được phục vụ một cách kịp thời và chính xác.
P3 It goes on like that for four paragraphs, describing the relationship to each group of stakeholders and prioritizing them as follows: (1) customers,
(2) employees, (3) community, and (4) company stockholders.
As value statements go, it’s a solid one: clear, forthright, and ringing with Old Testament gravitas (The word must appears twenty-one times.) The Credo was prominently displayed at all
J&J businesses and was carved into a granite wall at the company’s New Jersey headquarters.
Nó được mô tả trong bốn đoạn văn, nhấn mạnh mối quan hệ với các nhóm bên liên quan, bao gồm khách hàng, nhân viên, cộng đồng và cổ đông công ty Những phát biểu về giá trị này thể hiện một tuyên bố chắc chắn, rõ ràng và trang trọng như trong Cựu Ước Credo được trưng bày nổi bật tại tất cả các cơ sở kinh doanh của J&J và được khắc trên bức tường đá granit tại trụ sở chính ở New Jersey.
P4 The problem, as Burke saw it, was that the Credo didn’t seem to matter much to many employees
—and what was more, he wasn’t sure that it should matter Times had changed It wasn’t that there was an open revolt against the
Burke observed a disconnect at J&J, noting that many young employees viewed the company's credo as merely a public relations gimmick rather than a unifying document His travels within the organization revealed that this subtle vibe reflected a lack of engagement with the company's core values among new hires.
Burke nhận thấy rằng Credo dường như không quan trọng đối với nhiều nhân viên, và ông không chắc nó được coi là quan trọng Thời thế đã thay đổi, không phải là một cuộc nổi loạn chống lại Credo, mà là ông đã cảm nhận được sự thờ ơ khi quan sát cách mọi người làm việc và tương tác trong công ty Ông chia sẻ rằng nhiều nhân viên trẻ tại J&J không thực sự quan tâm đến Credo, họ cảm thấy đó chỉ là một chiêu trò quảng cáo PR chứ không phải là một tài liệu có giá trị.
Burke proposed a meeting to explore the future role of the Credo within the company, but many Johnson & Johnson leaders dismissed the idea outright They viewed questioning such a foundational document as a waste of time, with chairman Dick Sellars even labeling the notion as "ridiculous."
Burke that challenging the Credo would be like a Catholic deciding to challenge the Pope.
Dick Sellars, chủ tịch hội đồng quản trị, đã mô tả khái niệm này là "lố bịch" và cho rằng thách thức Credo sẽ tương tự như việc một người Công giáo quyết định thách thức các tín điều của giáo hội.
Vermonter who’d commanded a landing craft during World War
II, didn’t back down “I challenge [the pope] every day when I wake up,” he said “I think at times my religion is nuts.
Everybody challenges their values, and that’s what we ought to do with the Credo.” He prevailed.
Burke, một cựu chỉ huy tàu đổ bộ trong Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai đến từ Vermont, đã thể hiện sự kiên cường khi không ngừng thách thức niềm tin tôn giáo của mình Ông chia sẻ: “Tôi thách thức [giáo hoàng] mỗi ngày khi tôi thức dậy,” và nhận định rằng tôn giáo đôi khi có thể trở nên điên rồ Ông nhấn mạnh rằng việc thách thức giá trị cá nhân là điều cần thiết và đó chính là những gì mà chúng ta cần làm với Credo Cuối cùng, ông đã vượt qua những thử thách này.
The meeting took place in a spacious banquet room, where Burke emphasized the importance of the document at hand, stating, "You are in a position to challenge this document, which is the soul of the corporation." He urged the managers to reflect on the principles outlined within it, suggesting that if they cannot adhere to these values, it may be time to reconsider its validity.
Cuộc họp diễn ra trong một phòng tiệc lớn, nơi các quản lý được yêu cầu thảo luận về tầm quan trọng của tài liệu cốt lõi của tập đoàn Burke nhấn mạnh rằng nếu họ không thể tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của tài liệu này, thì nên gỡ bỏ nó khỏi tường, vì việc giữ lại chỉ là một hành động giả tạo Ông cũng khuyến khích mọi người đưa ra ý kiến nếu họ muốn thay đổi nội dung của tài liệu.
P8 With that, the conversation began “I think [the Credo] should be an absolute,” said one manager.
“You can’t kid yourself,” interrupted another “The purpose of the business is to make a profit.”
“Should we not therefore do what is best for the business, not only what is morally and ethically correct, but what is best for the business by following the
Credo so that we do meet [the] needs of society and therefore are able to do things better and decent and human?”
Sau đó, cuộc trò chuyện bắt đầu.
“Tôi nghĩ [Credo] có lẽ là tuyệt đối” người quản lý cho biết.
“Bạn không thể tự mình làm được” một người khác ngắt lời "Mục đích của kinh doanh là để tạo ra lợi nhuận”.
Một người quản lý nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc thực hiện những hành động tốt nhất cho doanh nghiệp, không chỉ dựa trên các nguyên tắc đạo đức và luân lý, mà còn để đáp ứng nhu cầu của xã hội Ông cho rằng việc tuân thủ Credo sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp có thể hoạt động một cách tốt đẹp, tử tế và nhân văn hơn.
P9 “Charlie, that’s motherhood and apple pie, and we’re all in agreement with that,” said a
Charlie emphasized the importance of certain factors, which everyone acknowledged A sharply spoken man with a comb-over raised a critical question regarding the legitimacy of societal demands and the feasibility of fulfilling them while maintaining business operations.
P10 You get the idea This wasn’t a business meeting; it was closer to a college philosophy seminar.